中考英语短文填空高频短语+词形变换核心表
文〡张同冰
中考英语短文填空高频短语+词形变换核心表(适合广东等)
【正文】
一、高频固定短语(短文填空必考,直接记搭配词)
动词短语:
take place 发生 | take care of 照顾 | take part in 参加
look forward to 期待(to后接doing) | look after 照顾 | look for 寻找
pay attention to 注意 | play a role in 在……中起作用 | put off 推迟
give up 放弃 | give away 赠送 | hand in 上交
turn on 打开 | turn off 关闭 | turn up 调大
deal with 处理 | do well in 在……做得好 | get on with 与……相处
get ready for 为……做准备 | make up 编造;组成 | make a decision 做决定
take action 采取行动 | keep in touch with 与……保持联系 | take pride in 为……自豪
介词短语:
in fact 事实上 | in order to 为了(后接动词原形) | in public 公开地
in time 及时 | on time 准时 | on foot 步行
by accident 偶然 | by hand 手工 | with pleasure 乐意地
at first 起初 | at last 最后 | at the same time 同时
as a result 结果 | according to 根据 | instead of 代替(后接doing)
其他常用搭配:
be good at 擅长 | be interested in 对……感兴趣 | be proud of 为……自豪
be full of 充满 | be made of 由……制成(看得见原材料) | be made from 由……制成(看不见原材料)
be different from 与……不同 | be similar to 与……相似 | spend…on… 在……上花费(时间/金钱)
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
二、核心词形变换(短文填空高频考点,原形+变形全覆盖)
1. 动词→名词(最常考)
act → action 行动 | decide → decision 决定 | describe → description 描述
discuss → discussion 讨论 | educate → education 教育 | invite → invitation 邀请
invent → invention 发明;inventor 发明家 | operate → operation 手术
organize → organization 组织 | pollute → pollution 污染 | produce → product 产品
pronounce → pronunciation 发音 | solve → solution 解决方法 | suggest → suggestion 建议
communicate → communication 交流 | compete → competition 比赛 | develop → development 发展
2. 形容词→副词(必考,多数+ly,注意特殊变形)
常规变形
happy → happily 开心地 | angry → angrily 生气地 | busy → busily 忙碌地
careful → carefully 仔细地 | hopeful → hopefully 有希望地 | helpful → helpfully 有益地
loud → loudly 大声地 | quick → quickly 快速地 | slow → slowly 慢慢地
soft → softly 轻柔地 | sudden → suddenly 突然地 | usual → usually 通常
特殊变形(易错题,重点记)
true → truly 真正地 | gentle → gently 温柔地 | possible → possibly 可能地
terrible → terribly 非常;糟糕地 | simple → simply 简单地 | comfortable → comfortably 舒适地
easy → easily 容易地 | heavy → heavily 沉重地;猛烈地 | happy → happily 开心地
3. 形容词→名词
ill → illness 疾病 | kind → kindness 善良 | sad → sadness 悲伤
happy → happiness 幸福 | healthy → health 健康 | important → importance 重要性
different → difference 差异(复数differences) | silent → silence 沉默 | proud → pride 骄傲
distant → distance 距离 | confident → confidence 自信 | patient → patience 耐心
4. 名词/形容词→动词
danger → endanger 危及;danger → dangerous(形)→ dangerously(副)
friend → friendly(形)→ befriend 友好对待 | beauty → beautiful(形)→ beautify 美化
wide → widen 拓宽 | deep → deepen 加深 | strong → strengthen 加强
5. 反义词变形(语境类空常考)
happy → unhappy 不开心的 | lucky → unlucky 不幸的 | able → unable 不能的
fair → unfair 不公平的 | polite → impolite 不礼貌的 | possible → impossible 不可能的
comfortable → uncomfortable 不舒服的 | healthy → unhealthy 不健康的 | usual → unusual 不寻常的
like → dislike 不喜欢 | agree → disagree 不同意 | appear → disappear 消失
6. 数词→形容词/副词
one → first(序数词)→ once(副词,一次;曾经)
two → second(序数词)→ twice(副词,两次)
three → third(序数词)→ three times(三次)
many/much → more(比较级)→ most(最高级) | little → less(比较级)→ least(最高级)
7. 人称代词变形(语法类空必出)
主格→宾格→形容词性物主代词→名词性物主代词→反身代词
I → me → my → mine → myself
you → you → your → yours → yourself/yourselves
he → him → his → his → himself
she → her → her → hers → herself
it → it → its → its → itself
we → us → our → ours → ourselves
they → them → their → theirs → themselves
三、变形小规则(快速判断,避免漏变)
1. 名词前缺定语→用形容词;动词/形容词/整句后缺状语→用副词
2. 冠词(a/an/the)/形容词性物主代词后→必用名词
3. 情态动词(can/may/must/should)后→必用动词原形
4. 主语是三单/单数,时态为一般现在时→动词变三单(+s/es)
5. 句中有过去时间状语(yesterday/last week等)→动词变过去式(+ed/特殊变形)
6. 介词(in/on/at/with/to等)后→名词/代词宾格/doing形式
2026-02-06 北京海淀
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