2026中考英语介词全解宝典
本资料系统梳理48个核心介词的核心含义、引申用法及易混辨析,通过最清晰易懂的讲解和丰富例句,帮助同学们轻松攻克介词难关。
一、核心介词详解
1. ABOUT
英文释义:concerning something; approximately
核心释义:关于;大概
引申义:讨论话题;大约数量;即将要做
深度辨析:
• about vs on(都表示"关于")
• about:日常话题,非正式交流
• on:专业话题,正式论述
例:chat about movies(聊聊电影)↔ lecture on physics(物理讲座)
经典例句:
• We're talking about our summer plans.(我们在讨论暑假计划。)
• It costs about 100 yuan.(这个大概100元。)
• The train is about to depart.(火车即将出发。)
2. ACROSS
英文释义:from one side to the other
核心释义:横穿
引申义:平面穿越;偶然碰到;在对面
深度辨析:
• across vs through(空间穿越)
• across:像过马路→在平面上横穿
• through:像穿隧道→在立体空间内穿过
记法:马路平面用across,森林立体用through
经典例句:
• The children ran across the playground.(孩子们跑过操场。)
• I came across this old photo in a drawer.(我在抽屉里偶然发现了这张旧照片。)
• He lives across from the post office.(他住在邮局对面。)
3. AFTER
英文释义:later than; following in time
核心释义:在…之后
引申义:时间顺序;照顾;追赶
深度辨析:
• after vs behind
• after:时间上在后面(after lunch午饭后)
• behind:空间上在后面(behind the door门后)
窍门:想时间用after,想位置用behind
经典例句:
• Please call me after 5 o'clock.(请在5点后给我打电话。)
• Can you look after my plants while I'm away?(我不在时你能照看我的植物吗?)
• The police are running after the thief.(警察正在追小偷。)
4. AGAINST
英文释义:opposed to; touching for support
核心释义:反对;靠着
引申义:不赞同;倚靠物体;违反规定
深度辨析:
• against vs for(立场对立)
这对词就像拔河比赛的两边:against是"反对队",for是"支持队"
例:Are you for or against the plan?(你支持还是反对这个计划?)
经典例句:
• I'm against cheating in exams.(我反对考试作弊。)
• She leaned her bike against the tree.(她把自行车靠在树上。)
• Smoking here is against the rules.(在这里吸烟违反规定。)
5. AT 🌟【五星重点】
英文释义:indicating a precise point in time or space
核心释义:在(具体的时间点或小地点)
引申义:擅长某事;对…感到…;朝着目标
深度辨析:
• at/in/on(时间三兄弟)
• at:时间点(at 3:00三点钟)
• on:具体天(on Monday星期一)
• in:时间段(in July在七月)
口诀:点用at,天用on,段用in
经典例句:
• Let's meet at the school gate at 4:30.(我们4:30在学校门口见面。)
• He's excellent at playing chess.(他国际象棋下得特别好。)
• Don't shout at people.(不要对人大喊大叫。)
6. BY 🌟【五星重点】
英文释义:through the action of; not later than
核心释义:被…;通过…方式;在…之前
引申义:被动语态执行者;交通方式;截止时间
深度辨析:
• by vs with("用"的不同)
• by:用"方法"(抽象的)→ by studying(通过学习)
• with:用"工具"(具体的)→ with a pen(用钢笔)
思考:你"用"的是什么?如果是"办法"用by,如果是"东西"用with
经典例句:
• This poem was written by Li Bai.(这首诗是李白写的。)
• I go to school by bus every day.(我每天乘公交车上学。)
• Please hand in your homework by Friday.(请在周五前交作业。)
7. FOR 🌟【五星重点】
英文释义:indicating purpose, reason, or duration
核心释义:为了;因为;给;持续
引申义:目的原因;时间长度;对象所属
深度辨析:
• for vs since(时间长短)
• for + 时间段:回答"多久"(for two hours两小时)
• since + 时间点:回答"从何时"(since 2020从2020年)
提问法:问"多长时间"用for,问"从什么时候"用since
经典例句:
• This gift is specially for you.(这份礼物是专门给你的。)
• Thank you for your kindness.(谢谢你的好意。)
• I've waited for over an hour.(我已经等了一个多小时了。)
8. FROM 🌟【五星重点】
英文释义:indicating the starting point or origin
核心释义:从…起;来自
引申义:起点来源;差异对比;防止阻止
深度辨析:
• from vs of(材料来源)
• made from:原料变了样(酒from葡萄,看不出葡萄了)
• made of:原料还那样(桌子of木头,还能看出木头)
观察法:成品中还能看出原料吗?能→of,不能→from
经典例句:
• I'm from Beijing.(我来自北京。)
• We work from 9 am to 5 pm.(我们从上午9点工作到下午5点。)
• My opinion is different from yours.(我的观点和你的不同。)
9. IN 🌟【五星重点】
英文释义:within an area, period, or means
核心释义:在…里面;在…期间;用…
引申义:穿着打扮;擅长方面;处于状态
深度辨析:
• in vs after(将来时间)
• in + 时间段:将来时,"在…之后"(I'll be back in 10 minutes.)
• after + 时间段:过去时,"…之后"(He came back after 10 minutes.)
时态法:将来用in,过去用after
经典例句:
• Don't play ball in the classroom.(不要在教室里打球。)
• Leaves turn yellow in autumn.(秋天树叶变黄。)
• The girl in blue is my sister.(穿蓝衣服的女孩是我妹妹。)
• He's now in trouble.(他现在有麻烦了。)
10. OF 🌟【五星重点】
英文释义:belonging to; relating to; made from
核心释义:…的(属于/材料/特征)
引申义:所属关系;数量单位;品质描述
深度辨析:
• think of vs think about
• think of:突然想起(Oh, I just thought of something!)
• think about:仔细考虑(I need to think about this carefully.)
过程法:一瞬间的"想到"用of,需要时间的"思考"用about
经典例句:
• The capital of China is Beijing.(中国的首都是北京。)
• Would you like a glass of water?(你想喝杯水吗?)
• It's very nice of you to help.(你帮忙真是太好了。)
11. ON 🌟【五星重点】
英文释义:in contact with a surface; about a subject
核心释义:在…上面;关于;在(某天)
引申义:通过媒介;在度假;一听到就…
深度辨析:
• on vs in(树上之物)
• on the tree:树上长的(苹果、叶子)
• in the tree:外来之物(鸟、风筝)
归属法:树自己"长"的用on,外面"来"的用in
经典例句:
• Your keys are on the kitchen table.(你的钥匙在厨房桌上。)
• We have no classes on weekends.(我们周末没课。)
• There's a good movie on TV tonight.(今晚电视上有部好电影。)
12. TO 🌟【五星重点】
英文释义:in the direction of; for the attention of
核心释义:到;向;给
引申义:方向目的;给予对象;令人…的是
深度辨析:
• 介词to vs 不定式to
• 介词to:后接名词/动名词(listen to music)
• 不定式to:后接动词原形(want to go)
后面法:看to后面跟什么。跟名词/动名词→介词;跟动词原形→不定式
经典例句:
• We're going to the zoo this Sunday.(我们这周日要去动物园。)
• Please pass this message to Mr. Wang.(请把这个消息传给王老师。)
• To my great joy, I got full marks.(令我非常高兴的是,我得了满分。)
13. WITH 🌟【五星重点】
英文释义:accompanied by; having; using
核心释义:和…一起;用…;带有…
引申义:因为情绪;尽管拥有;具备特征
深度辨析:
• with vs by(再辨析)
简单记:with后面是你能"拿起来"的东西,by后面是"方法概念"
write with a pen(笔能拿起来)↔ learn by practicing(练习是方法)
经典例句:
• I went shopping with my mom yesterday.(昨天我和妈妈去购物了。)
• Cut the paper with scissors.(用剪刀剪纸。)
• The boy with glasses is our monitor.(戴眼镜的男孩是我们的班长。)
• She was trembling with fear.(她害怕得发抖。)
14. WITHOUT
英文释义:not having; lacking
核心释义:没有
引申义:缺乏某物;如果不…;未经允许
深度辨析:
• with vs without
这是一对最简单的反义词,就像开关的"开"和"关"
with money(有钱)↔ without money(没钱)
经典例句:
• Life without friends would be lonely.(没有朋友的生活会很孤独。)
• He left without saying goodbye.(他没说再见就离开了。)
• You can't enter without permission.(未经许可不能进入。)
15. ABOVE
英文释义:higher than; more than
核心释义:在…上方;超过
引申义:位置更高;数量更多;水平更高
深度辨析:
• above vs over
• above:只是"在上方"(飞机above云层)
• over:"在正上方",可能覆盖(桥over河)
垂直法:正对着用over,只是高度更高用above
经典例句:
• The moon is shining above us.(月亮在我们上方照耀。)
• His score is above average.(他的分数高于平均分。)
• As mentioned above, we need to save water.(如上所述,我们需要节约用水。)
16. ALONG
英文释义:moving in a constant direction on a path
核心释义:沿着
引申义:顺着路线;结伴而行;相处融洽
深度辨析:
• along vs across
• along:顺着路走(walk along the river沿河走)
• across:横着穿过(walk across the road过马路)
方向法:顺着长度方向用along,横着切断用across
经典例句:
• We walked along the beach at sunset.(日落时我们沿着海滩散步。)
• Come along with us to the party.(跟我们一起参加派对吧。)
• I get along well with my classmates.(我和同学相处得很好。)
17. AMONG 🌟【重点】
英文释义:surrounded by; in the middle of a group
核心释义:在…中间(三个及以上)
引申义:群体之中;被包围;…之一
深度辨析:
• among vs between(必考!)
数字判断法:
• 两者之间→between(between A and B)
• 三者及以上之间→among(among the students)
口诀:两之间between,多之间among
经典例句:
• She felt nervous among so many people.(在这么多人中间她感到紧张。)
• He is the smartest among us all.(他是我们所有人中最聪明的。)
• Divide the cake among the four children.(把蛋糕分给四个孩子。)
18. AROUND
英文释义:on all sides of; approximately
核心释义:在…周围;大约
引申义:环绕四周;四处走动;大概时间
深度辨析:
• around vs round
这两个词意思几乎一样,可以互换使用
经典例句:
• We sat around the campfire singing.(我们围着篝火唱歌。)
• I'll be there around 2 o'clock.(我大概两点钟到那里。)
• Let's look around the museum.(我们在博物馆里四处看看吧。)
19. AS
英文释义:in the role of; while; because
核心释义:作为…;当…时;因为
引申义:表示身份;一…就;像…一样(as...as...)
深度辨析:
• as vs like(核心区别)
• as:作为…(强调真实身份)
• like:像…一样(强调相似)
真实性测试:如果"真的是",用as;如果"只是像",用like
经典例句:
• As your teacher, I want you to succeed.(作为你的老师,我希望你成功。)
• He waved as he drove away.(他开车离开时挥了挥手。)
• She works as a nurse in a hospital.(她在医院当护士。)
• This box is as heavy as that one.(这个箱子和那个一样重。)
20. BEFORE
英文释义:earlier than; in front of
核心释义:在…之前
引申义:时间更早;位置在前;优先顺序
深度辨析:
• before vs ago
• before:在某时间点之前(before 2020)
• ago:从现在算起多久前(two days ago)
参照点法:以过去某时为参照用before,以现在为参照用ago
经典例句:
• Brush your teeth before going to bed.(睡前要刷牙。)
• Your name comes before mine on the list.(名单上你的名字在我前面。)
• I've never seen this before.(我以前从未见过这个。)
21. BEHIND
英文释义:at the back of; less advanced than
核心释义:在…后面;落后于
引申义:空间后方;进度落后;背后支持
深度辨析:
• behind vs after
• behind:空间位置在后面(behind the house 房子后面)
• after:时间顺序在后面(after lunch 午饭后)
场景法:想位置说"后"用behind,想时间说"后"用after
经典例句:
• The sun set behind the mountains.(太阳落在山后。)
• Our team is behind by two points.(我们队落后两分。)
• I'll always stand behind you.(我会永远支持你。)
22. BELOW
英文释义:at a lower level than; less than
核心释义:在…下面;低于
引申义:位置更低;数量更少;温度更低
深度辨析:
• below vs under
• below:在下方(不一定是正下方)
• under:在正下方(可能有接触)
垂直判断:正对着下面用under,只是更低用below
经典例句:
• Sign your name below the line.(在线下面签名。)
• Tonight's temperature will drop below zero.(今晚气温将降到零度以下。)
• His score is below the passing grade.(他的分数低于及格线。)
23. BESIDE
英文释义:next to; at the side of
核心释义:在…旁边
引申义:紧挨着;离题;情绪激动
深度辨析:
• beside vs besides
• beside:在…旁边(少一个s)
• besides:除了…还有(多一个s)
记忆法:少一个s就是"旁边",多一个s就是"还有"
经典例句:
• Come sit beside me.(过来坐我旁边。)
• Your comment is beside the point.(你的评论离题了。)
• He was beside himself with anger.(他气得发狂。)
24. BESIDES
英文释义:in addition to; apart from
核心释义:除了…还有
引申义:包含性除外;此外;而且
深度辨析:
• besides vs except(必考!)
• besides:逻辑"加"(除了A,还有B)
• except:逻辑"减"(除了A,其他都…)
数学法:想加法用besides,想减法用except
经典例句:
• Besides English, he speaks French.(除了英语,他还会说法语。)
• I'm too tired to go; besides, it's raining.(我太累了不想去;而且,下雨了。)
25. BETWEEN 🌟【重点】
英文释义:in the space separating two things
核心释义:在…之间(两者)
引申义:A和B之间;私下说;两者选择
深度辨析:
• between vs among(再强调)
数字法:数一数有几个?
2个→between(between you and me)
3个或以上→among(among friends)
经典例句:
• The bank is between the hotel and the park.(银行在酒店和公园之间。)
• Between you and me, I think she's wrong.(就咱俩私下说,我觉得她错了。)
• You must choose between truth and lies.(你必须在真相和谎言之间选择。)
26. BEYOND
英文释义:on the far side of; outside the limits of
核心释义:在…那一边;超出…
引申义:超过能力范围;难以理解;更远处
深度辨析:
• beyond vs within
• beyond:超出范围(beyond my ability)
• within:在范围之内(within my ability)
范围法:能不能做到?能→within,不能→beyond
经典例句:
• The village is beyond the river.(村庄在河的那一边。)
• This question is beyond my understanding.(这个问题超出了我的理解。)
• Her kindness is beyond description.(她的善良难以形容。)
27. BUT
英文释义:except; other than
核心释义:除了
引申义:只有;根本不;几乎
深度辨析:
• but的固定搭配
• nothing but:只有,仅仅
• anything but:根本不,绝不
• all but:几乎,差不多
程度法:从"只有"到"几乎",but表达不同程度的排除
经典例句:
• He wants nothing but fame.(他只想要名声。)
• She is anything but lazy.(她一点也不懒。)
• The work is all but finished.(工作差不多完成了。)
28. DOWN
英文释义:towards a lower place; along
核心释义:向下;沿着…往下
引申义:写下;分解;冷静;沿着街道
深度辨析:
• down vs up
• down:向下,减少(sit down坐下)
• up:向上,增加(stand up站起来)
方向法:物理方向和心理状态都适用
经典例句:
• The ball rolled down the hill.(球滚下山。)
• Please write down your phone number.(请写下你的电话号码。)
• Walk down this street and turn left.(沿着这条街走然后左转。)
• Calm down and tell me what happened.(冷静下来告诉我发生了什么。)
29. DURING 🌟【重点】
英文释义:throughout the course of a period
核心释义:在…期间
引申义:整个过程中;某段时间内
深度辨析:
• during vs for
• during:强调"在…过程中"(during the meeting)
• for:强调"持续了多久"(for two hours)
问题法:回答"什么时候"用during,回答"多长时间"用for
经典例句:
• No talking during the exam.(考试期间不要说话。)
• He learned a lot during his stay in England.(他在英国期间学到了很多。)
30. EXCEPT 🌟【重点】
英文释义:not including; other than
核心释义:除了…(不包括)
引申义:排除在外;整体中除去个别
深度辨析:
• except vs except for
• except:排除同类事物(All came except Tom.)
• except for:排除不同类事物,或整体有点小问题
同类法:排除的是不是同一类?是→except,不是→except for
经典例句:
• I like all vegetables except carrots.(除了胡萝卜,我喜欢所有蔬菜。)
• The room was perfect except for the noisy air conditioner.(房间很好,除了空调有点吵。)
31. INSIDE
英文释义:within; in the inner part
核心释义:在…里面
引申义:内部;彻底地;内情消息
深度辨析:
• inside vs outside
• inside:里面(inside the box盒子里)
• outside:外面(outside the building楼外)
位置法:最简单的内外区分
经典例句:
• The keys are inside my bag.(钥匙在我包里。)
• He wore his T-shirt inside out.(他把T恤穿反了。)
• She has inside information about the deal.(她有这笔交易的内幕消息。)
32. INTO
英文释义:to the inside of; becoming
核心释义:进入…里面;变成
引申义:进入内部;状态转变;详细调查
深度辨析:
• into vs in
• into:动态"进入"(walk into the room走进房间)
• in:静态"在里面"(stay in the room待在房间里)
动作法:有没有进入的动作?有→into,没有→in
经典例句:
• She jumped into the pool.(她跳进游泳池。)
• The tadpole turned into a frog.(蝌蚪变成了青蛙。)
• The police will look into the accident.(警方将调查这起事故。)
33. LIKE
英文释义:similar to; for example
核心释义:像…一样;例如
引申义:看起来像;想要;感觉像
深度辨析:
• like vs as
• like:像…一样(只是相似)
• as:作为…(真实身份)
真实性测试:如果"真的是",用as;如果"只是像",用like
经典例句:
• She sings like a professional.(她唱得像专业歌手一样。)
• I feel like having pizza tonight.(今晚我想吃披萨。)
• What does your new teacher look like?(你的新老师长什么样?)
34. NEAR
英文释义:not far away in distance or time
核心释义:在…附近;接近
引申义:离得不远;差不多完成;亲密关系
深度辨析:
• near vs next to
• near:在附近(可能有一段距离)
• next to:紧挨着,旁边
距离法:挨着用next to,不挨着但在附近用near
经典例句:
• There's a supermarket near my home.(我家附近有个超市。)
• The project is near completion.(项目接近完成。)
• She is near and dear to all of us.(她是我们大家亲密珍爱的人。)
35. OFF
英文释义:away from; not on; not operating
核心释义:离开;关闭;脱下
引申义:下车;起飞;断电;富裕的
深度辨析:
• off vs on
• off:离开,关闭,脱下
• on:在上面,打开,穿上
状态法:描述相反的状态变化
经典例句:
• Get off the bus at the next stop.(下一站下车。)
• Turn off the TV when you leave.(离开时关电视。)
• The plane will take off in 10 minutes.(飞机10分钟后起飞。)
• They are quite well off.(他们相当富裕。)
36. OUTSIDE
英文释义:not inside; beyond the limits of
核心释义:在…外面
引申义:外部;超出范围;最多数量
深度辨析:
• outside vs inside
这对反义词最简单:一个外面,一个里面
经典例句:
• Wait for me outside the library.(在图书馆外面等我。)
• Outside of work, he enjoys gardening.(工作之余,他喜欢园艺。)
• It will take an hour at the outside.(最多需要一小时。)
37. OVER
英文释义:above; covering; more than
核心释义:在…正上方;超过;结束
引申义:覆盖;复习;克服;遍布
深度辨析:
• over vs above(细节区分)
• over:正上方,可能接触(bridge over river)
• above:上方,不一定正对(plane above clouds)
垂直法:是不是正对着?是→over,不是→above
经典例句:
• There's a lamp over the table.(桌子上方有盏灯。)
• He's over sixty years old.(他六十多岁了。)
• School is over for today.(今天放学了。)
• Let's go over the lesson again.(我们再把课文复习一遍。)
38. PAST
英文释义:beyond in time or position
核心释义:经过;…点过…
引申义:从旁走过;时间过去;难以置信
深度辨析:
• past vs passed
• past:介词或形容词
• passed:动词pass的过去式
词性法:需要动词用passed,需要介词用past
经典例句:
• It's twenty past eight.(现在是八点二十。)
• He walked past without noticing me.(他从旁边走过没注意到我。)
• The beauty of the scenery is past belief.(风景之美令人难以置信。)
39. ROUND
英文释义:on all sides of; surrounding
核心释义:围绕;大约
引申义:环绕四周;全年无休;往返旅行
深度辨析:
• round vs around
意思相同,round多用于英式英语
经典例句:
• The earth moves round the sun.(地球绕太阳转。)
• The store is open all year round.(这家店全年营业。)
• It's round about five kilometers from here.(离这里大约五公里。)
40. SINCE 🌟【重点】
英文释义:from a past time until now
核心释义:自从…以来
引申义:从过去某时到现在;既然
重要语法:since + 过去时间点,主句用现在完成时
深度辨析:
• since vs for
• since + 时间点(since 2020)
• for + 时间段(for three years)
计时法:从"点"开始用since,持续"段"时间用for
经典例句:
• I've known him since childhood.(我从小就认识他。)
• Since you're here, let's begin.(既然你来了,我们开始吧。)
• We haven't met since last year.(我们从去年就没见过面。)
41. THROUGH
英文释义:from one end to the other; by means of
核心释义:穿过;通过
引申义:经历困难;浏览查看;完成全部
深度辨析:
• through vs across
• through:穿过立体空间内部(through the forest)
• across:横穿平面(across the street)
空间法:想象你要穿过什么?立体空间→through,平面→across
经典例句:
• We drove through the long tunnel.(我们开车穿过长隧道。)
• He succeeded through hard work.(他通过努力工作获得成功。)
• I've read through the whole report.(我已经读完了整个报告。)
42. TILL/UNTIL 🌟【重点】
英文释义:up to the time of
核心释义:直到…为止
引申义:动作持续到某个时间;直到…才
重要结构:not...until...(直到…才…)
深度辨析:
• till vs until
意思相同,until更正式
经典例句:
• Wait here until I return.(在这里等到我回来。)
• The shop is open till 10 PM.(商店营业到晚上10点。)
• He didn't realize his mistake until too late.(他意识到错误时已为时太晚。)
43. TOWARD(S)
英文释义:in the direction of; regarding
核心释义:朝…方向;对于
引申义:移动方向;对待态度;接近时间
深度辨析:
• toward vs towards
• toward:美式英语
• towards:英式英语
经典例句:
• She walked towards the station.(她朝车站走去。)
• What's your attitude towards this issue?(你对这个问题的态度是什么?)
• It's getting towards dinner time.(快到晚饭时间了。)
44. UNDER
英文释义:below; covered by; less than
核心释义:在…正下方;少于
引申义:在…控制下;在建设中;身体不适
深度辨析:
• under vs below
• under:正下方,可能接触
• below:下方,不一定正对
特殊:年龄用under(under 18),温度用below(below zero)
经典例句:
• The cat is sleeping under the chair.(猫在椅子下面睡觉。)
• Children under 12 must be accompanied.(12岁以下儿童必须有成人陪同。)
• The new road is under construction.(新路正在建设中。)
• I'm feeling a bit under the weather.(我感觉有点不舒服。)
45. UP
英文释义:towards a higher place; along
核心释义:向上;沿着…往上
引申义:起床;放弃;组成;由…决定
深度辨析:
• up的固定搭配
• stand up(站起来)
• give up(放弃)
• wake up(醒来)
• make up(组成)
• It's up to you.(由你决定。)
经典例句:
• Please stand up when the teacher enters.(老师进来时请起立。)
• Never give up on your dreams.(永远不要放弃梦想。)
• Our team is made up of six players.(我们队由六名队员组成。)
• What have you been up to lately?(你最近在忙什么?)
46. UPON
英文释义:on; at the time of
核心释义:在…上(正式用语)
引申义:依赖;看待;一…就
深度辨析:
• upon vs on
意思相同,upon更正式,多用于固定短语
固定短语:
• once upon a time(从前)
• depend upon(依赖)
• look upon...as(把…看作)
• upon arrival(一到达就)
经典例句:
• Once upon a time, there was a beautiful princess.(从前有一位美丽的公主。)
• You can depend upon him to keep his word.(你可以相信他会守信用。)
• Upon hearing the good news, we all cheered.(一听到好消息,我们都欢呼起来。)
47. WITHIN
英文释义:inside; not beyond
核心释义:在…之内
引申义:在范围内;短时间内;能力之内
深度辨析:
• within vs in(时间)
• within:在…时间之内(强调不超过)
• in:在…时间之后(强调将来)
限制法:有没有时间限制?有→within,没有→in
经典例句:
• Please reply within 24 hours.(请在24小时内回复。)
• The hospital is within walking distance.(医院在步行可及的范围内。)
• I'll help you within my power.(我会在我能力范围内帮助你。)
48. WITHOUT
英文释义:not having; lacking; in the absence of
核心释义:没有;缺乏
引申义:缺失某物;如果不…;未经许可;以…方式
核心功能解析
1. 基础结构
• without + 名词/代词 (表缺失某物)
I can’t imagine life without music. (无法想象没有音乐的生活。)
• without + 动名词(V-ing) (表未做某事)
He left without saying a word. (他一句话没说就离开了。)
2. 深度辨析
• without vs with (反义对比)
• with money (有钱) ↔ without money (没钱)
• with help (有帮助) ↔ without help (没有帮助)
• without vs not having (语体差异)
• without:介词,更简洁正式
• not having:分词短语,更口语化
四大引申义精析
1. 物理缺失
表示不携带或缺乏具体事物。
He drinks tea without sugar. (他喝茶不加糖。)
2. 条件假设
表示“如果没有…”,引导条件。
Without your help, I would have failed. (没有你的帮助,我就失败了。)
3. 未经许可
表示在未获允许的情况下。
You can't use it without permission. (未经许可你不能使用。)
4. 方式状态
表示以某种缺乏或不包含的方式。
She answered without hesitation. (她毫不犹豫地回答了。)
高频固定搭配
1. do without (将就应付)
We'll have to do without a car. (我们得将就没车用。)
2. go without (忍受缺乏)
He went without food for two days. (他两天没吃东西。)
3. without doubt (毫无疑问)
He is, without doubt, the best. (他无疑是最棒的。)
4. without delay (立即马上)
Please reply without delay. (请立即回复。)
5. without exception (毫无例外)
All must attend without exception. (所有人都必须参加,毫无例外。)
特殊句式应用
1. 虚拟语气
Without your advice, I would have made a mistake. (要不是你的建议,我就犯错了。)
2. 双重否定
Nothing great is achieved without effort. (不努力,无伟业。)
3. 句首强调
Without a ticket, you can’t enter. (无票不得入内。)
易错点提醒
1. 接续错误:without 后接动词必须用 V-ing 形式 (❌ without to say → ✅ without saying)
2. 成分残缺:without 短语不能独立作谓语 (❌ He without a book. → ✅ He came without a book.)
3. 连词误用:without 是介词,不能引导从句 (❌ Without it rains… → ✅ Although it rains…)
二、高频辨析专项突破
第一组:时间介词三巨头
at / on / in
• at:精确时间点(at 7:30, at noon)
• on:具体某一天(on Monday, on Christmas Day)
• in:时间段(in May, in the morning)
记忆口诀:
点用at,天用on,年/月/季节用in
上午/下午/晚上也用in,具体某天的上午/下午用on
第二组:"除了"双胞胎
besides / except
• besides:包含性"除了"(除了A,还有B)→ 逻辑是"加"
• except:排除性"除了"(除了A,其他都…)→ 逻辑是"减"
判断方法:
思考:说的是"还有"还是"没有"?
"还有"→besides,"没有"→except
第三组:空间关系两兄弟
between / among
• between:两者之间(between A and B)
• among:三者及以上之间(among the trees)
数字判断法:
数一数有几个?2个→between,3个或以上→among
第四组:"用"的不同方式
by / with / in
• by:用方法、交通方式(by studying, by bus)
• with:用具体工具(with a pen, with hands)
• in:用语言、材料(in English, in ink)
实物测试:
后面接的东西能"拿在手里"吗?
能→with,不能→再看是方法还是语言
三、、中考介词命题热点预测
根据近三年中考趋势,2026年可能重点考查:
热点一:语境化选择
不再是单纯考搭配,而是给出一段对话或短文,根据上下文选择介词。
热点二:综合辨析能力
一道题可能涉及2-3个知识点的综合判断。
热点三:生活化场景
选用真实生活场景,如购物、问路、计划安排等。
必考重点整理:
1. 时间介词:at/on/in的区别
2. "除了"辨析:besides/except
3. "之间"选择:between/among
4. 方式表达:by/with/in
5. 固定搭配:look forward to doing等
最后的话
学习介词就像学习使用各种连接器:
• 有些像"钉子"(at)→固定一个点
• 有些像"胶水"(in)→把东西粘在里面
• 有些像"绳子"(along)→顺着一个方向