掌握疾病与健康类名词是听懂中考“就医”场景对话、完成“健康生活”主题写作的关键。这些词汇在日常交流中频繁使用,是中考英语的必备基础。

常见症状描述
这类词汇多指具体的不适感,通常与动词 have 或 have a 搭配使用。
感冒 (cold) 与流感 (flu) 是常见呼吸道疾病,后者通常更严重。“I think I‘ve caught a cold.”(我想我感冒了。)“She’s in bed with the flu.”(她得了流感卧床休息。)
发烧 (fever)、咳嗽 (cough) 和喉咙痛 (sore throat) 是常见伴随症状。“The child has a high fever.”(这孩子发高烧了。)“His cough kept everyone awake.”(他的咳嗽声让大家都没睡着。)“I have a sore throat and it hurts to swallow.”(我喉咙痛,吞咽时很疼。)
疼痛是普遍感受,用pain或ache表达。后者常与身体部位构成复合词,如头痛 (headache)、牙痛 (toothache)、胃痛 (stomachache)。“I feel a sharp pain in my back.”(我感到背部一阵剧痛。)“I have a terrible headache.”(我头痛得厉害。)“Eating too much ice cream gave me a stomachache.”(吃了太多冰淇淋让我胃痛。)
具体疾病与健康问题
这类词多指被诊断的、更明确的健康状况。
癌症 (cancer) 和心脏病 (heart disease) 是严重的慢性疾病。“Advances in medicine help treat many types of cancer.”(医学的进步有助于治疗多种癌症。)“Regular exercise can reduce the risk of heart disease.”(经常锻炼可以降低患心脏病的风险。)
高血压 (high blood pressure) 也是一种常见慢性病。“The doctor told him to cut down on salt because of his high blood pressure.”(医生因他有高血压,让他减少盐的摄入。)
综合概念与意外伤害
这类词汇涵盖更广泛的状态或原因。
疾病的泛称常用illness(较口语化,指一段时间的不适)和disease(较正式,指具体的病症)。“He missed school because of illness.”(他因病没上学。)“Malaria is a disease spread by mosquitoes.”(疟疾是一种由蚊子传播的疾病。)
受伤 (injury) 通常指意外导致的身体伤害。“The footballer suffered a serious knee injury.”(那名足球运动员膝盖严重受伤。)
核心考点与使用要点
固定搭配:描述“患……”时,常用 have a + 症状名词(如have a cold/cough/headache)。而更严重的疾病常用 have + 疾病名词(如have cancer/heart disease)或 suffer from。
听力场景关键词:在“就医”对话中,要特别关注:
病人描述症状:fever, cough, headache, stomachache, sore throat。
医生诊断或建议:illness, disease, rest, medicine。
高频问句:“What‘s the matter?” “How long have you had this pain?”
写作应用:在倡导健康生活的作文中,可以结合使用:“To avoid common illnesses like the cold or flu, we should exercise regularly, eat healthily, and get enough sleep. If you have a fever or a bad cough, it’s important to see a doctor.”
易混词辨析:
Pain 和 Ache:pain 可指剧烈或突然的疼痛,范围更广;ache 常指持续性的隐痛,多用于复合词。
Illness 和 Disease:简单区分可记,illness 侧重“生病状态”(感觉不舒服),disease 侧重“具体病名”(被诊断的病症)。
建议学生可以模拟一个简单的就医对话,尝试运用这些词汇进行角色扮演,将词汇融入真实语境中记忆,效果会远胜于孤立背诵单词列表。