小学英语总复习总结(外研版三起点)

冠词

不定冠词，定冠词种类：

(1)不定冠词：a / an      a unit / an uncle

元音开头的可数名词前用an:

an egg / an apple / an orange / an eraser / an answer / an ID card / an alarm clock / an actor / an actress / an e-mail / an address / an event / an example / an opera / an houran old man / an interesting book / an exciting sport / an action movie / an art lesson /

(2)定冠词：the       the egg     the plane

2.用法:

定冠词的用法：

(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)物：The ruler is on the desk.

(2)复述上文提到的人或物：He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

(3)谈话双方都知道的人或物：The boys aren’t at school.

(4)在序数词前：John’s birthday is February the second.

(5)用于固定词组中：in the morning / afternoon / evening

不用冠词的情况：

(1)专有名词前：China is a big country.

(2)名词前有定语：this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等：This is my baseball.

(3)复数名词表示一类人和事：Monkeys can’t swim. They are teachers.

(4)在节日，日期，月份，季节前：Today is Christmas Day. It’s Sunday.

(5)一日三餐前：We have breakfast at 6:30.

(6)球类棋类运动前：They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

*但乐器前要用定冠词：I play the guitar very well.

(7)学科名称前：My favorite subject is music.

(8)在称呼或头衔的名词前：This is Mr Li.

(9)固定词组中：at noon at night by bus

代词

代词：人称代词，物主代词

数词：基数词、序数词

(1)1-20

one      eleven

two      twelve    twenty

three    thirteen   thirty

four    fourteen   forty

five    fifteen     fifty

six    sixteen     sixty

seven   seventeen   seventy

eight   eighteen    eighty

nine    nineteen    ninety

ten  

(2)21-99 先说“几十”，再说“几”，中间加连字符。

23→twenty-three，34→thirty-four，45→forty—five，56→fifty-six，67→sixty-seven，78→seventy-eight，89→eighty-nine，91→ninety-one

(3)101—999先说“几百”，再加and，再加末两位数或末位数;

586→five hundred and eighty-six，803→eight hundred and three

(4)l，000以上，先从右往左数，每三位数加一个“，”，第一个“，”前为thousand.第二个“，”前为million，第三个“，”前为billion

1，001→one thousand and one

18，423→eighteen thousand，four hundred and twenty-three

6，260，309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine

750，000，000，000→seven hundred and fifty billion

介词

常用介词：in, on, at, behind等

1.at表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。

at 1：00(dawn，midnight，noon)在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)

2.on

1)表示具体日期。

注：(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法：

at(on)the weekend 在周末---特指

at(on)weekends 在周末---泛指

over the weekend 在整个周末

during the weekend 在周末期间

(2)在圣诞节，应说atChristmas?而不说on Christmas?

2)在(刚……)的时候。

On reaching the city he called up his parents.

一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。

3.in

1)表示"时段"、"时期"，在多数情况下可以和during互换，前者强调对比，后者强调持续。in(during)1988(December，the 20th century)在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)

动词：动词的四种时态

一、一般现在时：

二、一般过去时:

动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则：

1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks

2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies

动词的过去式的构成规则有：

A、规则动词

①一般直接在动词的后面加ed：如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

②以e结尾的动词直接加d：如 lived , danced , used

③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)

④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则，须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式：sing – sang , eat – ate ,

see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt

三、一般将来时：

四、现在进行时态

动词现在分词（动词的ing形式）的构成规则：

① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

② 以e 结尾的动词，要先去e再加ing ，如having , writing

③双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有：running , swimming , sitting , getting

陈述句

(1)肯定句：是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子，如：I’m a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

Thereare four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

(2)、否定句：含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子，如：I’m not a student. She is not (isn’t) a doctor.

He does not (doesn’t) work in a hospital. There are not (aren’t) four fans in our classroom.

Hewill not (won’t) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday evening.

疑问句

一般疑问句：是指询问事实的句子，此类句子必须用“yes”，或“no”来回答。

特殊疑问句：以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”来回答。

There be句型

There be 句型与have, has的区别

1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物(或人)

2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is ;主语是复数，be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。

3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。

4、there be句型与have(has)的区别：

there be 表示在某地有某物(或人); have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。

6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。

7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：

Howmany + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?

Howmuch + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：

What’s+ 介词短语?