中考英语冲刺:语法填空讲解及练习

四季读书网 3 0

一、动词【两大方向:谓语动词与非谓语动词】
时态 + 语态
依据1:前后文的时态和形式,或者时间状语;
依据2:特殊句型;
依据3:前后文的被动关系

非谓语动词的三种形式 [doing,,done,to do]
【注意】实义动词与实义动词是不可能以两个动词原形的形式直接衔接在一起的,后面一个一定会变形。
比如实义动词want,play,practice在一起,可以形成want play(错),want to play(对),practice to play(错),practice playing(对)
因此,当做到动词题的时候一定要往前一个词看,找是否有实义动词,如果有,则横线上填写的动词肯定是非谓语动词的三种形式之一。【…动词 ______(动词)】
如果横线与前一个动词之间还夹着别的成分,那需要按着语法来判断。【…动词 + 代词/名词 + ______(动词)】
【用to do的其他形式】
1、后置定语(动词不定式在句中作定语时一般都要放在所修饰名词或代词的后面)如: 

a chance to do sth 做某事的一个机会        

the way to do sth  做某事的办法
the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间      

something to eat 一些吃的东西

a lot of work to do 许多要做的工作
too tired to do sth 太累而不能做…
2、It’s+形容词(adj.)+for(of) +sb +to do sth对某人来说做某事怎么样
①It’s hard for me to learn English well.(句子 hard 是修饰动词不定式to learn English well,意为学好英语难,所以用的介词是for sb.)
②It’s kind of you to help me.(句中kind“善良的”修饰you(人) 意为你善良,所以介词用of sb.)
3、It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)
4、It’s time for sb. to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了
【示例】
After learning the devil would come again to his home village on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, he went back. He     4     (lead) the people from his village up a mountain. He asked them     5     (carry) zhuyu and drink some chrysanthemum wine.
………………..
The whole village celebrated, because they     8     (save) by the brave young man. That is why today the festival is connected with mountain climbing, zhuyu and chrysanthemum wine.
【答案】 4.led    5.to carry    8.were saved
4.句意:他带领村民上山。根据“he went back”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,lead的过去式是led,故填led。
5.句意:他让他们拿着茱萸,喝点菊花酒。ask sb to do sth“要求某人做某事”,此处用动词不定式,故填to carry。
8.句意:全村的人都在庆祝,因为他们被那个勇敢的年轻人救了。根据“by”和“The whole village celebrated”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,且是被动语态,主语是复数,be动词用were,故填were saved。


Nie gets up early and comes home late every day.     56     (look) for macaques, he walks around the forest.
【答案】 56.To look
56.句意:为了寻找猕猴,他在森林里走来走去。此处用动词不定式to look作目的状语,句子开头首字母大写。故填To look。


Finally, the great man succeeded in    18    (deal) with a lot of difficulties and went out of the island because of his fighting spirit and hard work.
【答案】18.dealing
18.句意:最后,由于他的战斗精神和努力工作,这位伟人成功地克服了许多困难,走出了孤岛。deal“应对”,succeed in doing sth“成功地做某事”,故填dealing。


So far, China’s forest     70     (increase) by over 70,000,000 hectares (公顷). One tree after another, these people built a green Great Wall.
【答案】70.has increased
70.句意:到目前为止,中国的森林面积增加了2万多公顷。increase“增加”,根据“So far”可知句子用现在完成时,主语是China’s forest,助动词用has。故填has increased。


二、名词考点:
名词的形式变化主要有可数名词单数复数、名词所有格、词性转变、固定搭配。
名词单复数

依据:横线前有表示复数的词如a few,lots of,these,those,或者数量词等,或者there be句型中be动词为复数are或were形式。

名词所有格

依据:横线后又是名词且提示词的名词对后面的名词不形成修饰关系,而形成从属关系


名词词性变化

依据:根据前后文词性判断名词是否要变化成相应的形容词、副词、动词等
【示例】
Many men in this situation would want their     164     (wife) to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about others before himself. This made me start to respect him.
【答案】wives  
164.句意:很多处于这种情况的男人都希望他们的妻子留在孩子身边,但我爸爸总是先考虑别人,然后再考虑自己。根据“Many men”可知此处用名词复数wives“妻子”。故填wives。


“The hard life had not only given me the courage to face so many     26    (difficulty)and challenges, but also inspired(鼓舞)me to chase my dream.”
【答案】difficulties
26.句意:艰苦的生活不仅让我有勇气面对如此多的困难和挑战,也激励我追逐梦想。many后加可数名词复数形式,所以此空应填difficulty“困难”的复数形式,故填difficulties。


They are not only good scenery, but also friends of local people and     60     (tourist)
【答案】tourists
60.句意:它们不仅是好风景,也是当地人和游客的朋友。根据“but also friends of local people and ... (tourist)”可知此处表示当地人和游客的朋友,此处用复数形式tourists。故填tourists。


They wore    66    (hat), scarves and goggles (护目镜) all the time. In summer, it was so hot that the workers had to lie down on the ground next to their cars to cool off.
【答案】hats
66.句意:他们一直戴着帽子、围巾和护目镜。根据“scarves and goggles”可知此处用名词复数hats“帽子”。故填hats。


It was     84     (danger). He took a big breath and swam back to save them.
【答案】dangerous
84.句意:它很危险。danger“危险”,名词,此处应用形容词dangerous“危险的”作表语。故填dangerous。


And she even didn’t want to go home when we were leaving. It was really a       80       (wonder) day.
【答案】 80.wonderful
80.句意:这真是美好的一天。此处填形容词修饰名词day,wonder是名词,其形容词形式是wonderful。故填wonderful。


三、形容词与副词考点:
形容词比较级与最高级

依据1:比较级看句子中是否有than,最高级看形容词前面是否有the或后面有没有in/of+范围的形式。

依据2:横线前有even,much、a little/bit等后面需要用比较级的词
固定句型(常见的为比较级的相关句型:the more…the more…,more and more。

表示建议的句型:had better do sth。

表示状态的句型:主语+ be + adj + to do)

形容词副词化

依据:提示词为形容词,空格后有谓语动词或者形容词;或者空格位于句首,用逗号隔开


动词的ing与ed形式

依据:横线前有be动词或是后面有名词,则用ing形式;横线前有人称代词或人名,则用ed形式

否定变化(如happy变成unhappy)
注意:形容词是修饰名词的,而副词是修饰动词、形容词与副词本身的。
【示例】
The new school is much better than my old school in Cuba, such as it is    143    (big) and more beautiful than my old one.
【答案】143.bigger
143.句意:因为它比我的老学校更大、更漂亮。根据“more beautiful”可知此处用比较级bigger“更大”。故填bigger。


   16    (unlucky), after he grew up, he actually lived on an island for 28 years, where no people lived.
【答案】16.Unluckily
16.句意:不幸的是,他长大后,他在一个无人居住的小岛上生活了28年。unlucky“不幸的”,是形容词,此处修饰整个句子,用副词,故填Unluckily。


Three months     27    (late), he went to an Air Force flight college in Baoding, Hebei province.
【答案】 27.later
27.句意:三个月后,他去了河北保定的一所空军飞行学院。根据“Three months..., he went to an Air Force flight college in Baoding, Hebei province.”可知,此处表示三个月后,three months later“三个月后”,故填later。


Tai Chi is a symbol of Chinese culture. It was first developed in China as wushu, but it’s becoming one of the      46      (popular) sports around the world.
【答案】46.most popular
46.句意:它最初是作为武术在中国被发展的,但是它正在成为世界各地最受欢迎的运动之一。“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”意为“最……之一”,所以此处形容词应用其最高级,故填most popular。


Nie is like a parent, and all the macaques are like his children. “The macaques are     59     (love) and cute.
【答案】59.lovely 
59.句意:猕猴很可爱。根据“... and cute”可知and连接并列形容词作表语,love的形容词形式lovely,意为“可爱的”。故填lovely。


四、代词考点:
宾格(横线在谓语动词后面)
形容词性物主代词(横线后面有名词)
名词性物主代词(横线后面没有名词,前面有of或者前面有be动词等动词)
反身代词(横线前有和括号里同一类的且做主语成分的代词,此时把括号内的代词改为反身代词)
不定代词(一般以some/ever/any + thing为主,其次是others,another)
【示例】
It was difficult to plant trees here. The workers had to cover    65    (them) or their mouths would be full of sand.
【答案】65.themselves 
65.句意:工人们必须把自己盖住,否则他们的嘴里就会充满沙子。根据“The workers had to cover...”可知工人要盖住他们自己,用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。


Then I saw     88     (he) come up out of the water like a dolphin.
【答案】88.him
88.句意:然后我看见他像海豚一样从水里浮上来。he“他”,人称代词主格,动词saw“看见”后用人称代词宾格him作宾语。故填him。


How     98    (they) use was introduced to other countries is not known.
【答案】 98.their 
98.句意:它们的使用是如何被引入其他国家的,目前还不清楚。根据名词use可知,这里应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。


Who should you write to? Think about a friend or relative that lives far away. A parent or best friend would also love to receive     133     (you) letter.
【答案】 133.your
133.句意:父母或最好的朋友也会很乐意收到你的信。此处在句中作定语修饰letter,用形容词性物主代词your。故填your。


Many men in this situation would want their wives to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about     165     (other) before himself. This made me start to respect him.
【答案】 165.others 
165.句意:很多处于这种情况的男人都希望他们的妻子留在孩子身边,但我爸爸总是先考虑别人,然后再考虑自己。根据“thinks about...”可知是考虑其他人,others“其他人”。故填others。


During    17    (that) years, he had to experience hunger and fight against natural disasters (灾害).
【答案】17.those
句意:在那些年里,他必须经历了饥饿和与自然灾害作斗争。that“那个”,其复数形式是those,修饰复数名词years,用those,故填those。


五、数量词考点:
基数词变序数词(横线前一般有the)
基数词变次数(一般只考once,twice)
单位词变复数(主要是百-hundred,千-thousand,百万-million,十亿-billion的用法)
注意: 300名学生——three hundred students(此时hundred后无s)
成百上千名学生——hundreds of students(hundred后有了of则要加s)
成百上千名学生——hundreds upon hundreds of students
【示例】
Last weekend, it was my little sister Anna’s       71       (nine) birthday. She kept asking us to take her out to play. It was a lovely day in spring. After a discussion, we decided to pick strawberries on a farm.
【答案】71.ninth
71.句意:上个周末,是我妹妹安娜九岁的生日。表达几岁生日时,birthday前面用序数词。故填ninth。


六、介词考点:

单一介词(即介词表示某种具体的含义,如方向或时间,能够根据上下文含义推理出来)
动词、形容词、介词词组中的固定搭配,例如:come/be from,fall in love with……
注意:介词的判断依据除了看有没有词组,还可以依靠横线后的词性,因为介词后面只能接名词性质的词,所以后面要么是名词和代词,要么是动词ing形式。
【示例】
He suggested me going there     37    foot because it was not far.
【答案】 37.on  
37.句意:他建议我步行去那里,因为那里不远。on foot意为“步行”,故填on。


Tai Chi is a fun exercise, easy to learn, and people don’t have to be good      49      it to enjoy it. He loves the feeling of calm he gets from it.
【答案】49.at 
49.句意:Caitlin,一个年轻的德国初学者说太极是一个有趣的运动,易学,人们不需要擅长它就可以享受它。根据“easy to learn”和“and”可知,be good at“擅长于”符合语境,故填at。


七、连词考点:
根据词性判断

(空格两边词性或结构一致,大概率是并列连词;一个长句被逗号或横线隔开,左右两边结构完整,有可能是从属连词构成的复合句)
根据逻辑判断

(并列连词都是有很强的逻辑性的,可以根据上下文的意思来判断)
第一看横线前后的词性结构是否一致,如It makes us smart and healthy。此时smart和healthy就属于词性结构一致。
第二看横线前后是否有完整的主谓(宾)结构,如I don't like her because she smokes too much。 左边主谓宾完整,右边主谓完整。
最后看逻辑关系,如果满足第一或第二,只需要把平常常考的连词代入去想就可以了。
【连词总结】and(常与both组合出现),or(常与either组合出现),but(常与also组合出现,形成not only…but also…),nor(常与neither组合出现),because,so等
注意:however是副词,常用作连词使用,出现的形式是单独在句首,用逗号与后文隔开:however,后句。也可能是放在中间,左右都用逗号隔开:前句,however,后句
【示例】
The “red spirit” has a deep influence on lots of Chinese people, both old      41      young.
【答案】41.and 
41.句意:“红色精神”深深地影响着许多中国人,包括老年人和年轻人。“both...and...”意为“……和……都”,故填and。


However, forks were not used in England     97     1611. Chopsticks originated in China, and are used in all Asian cultures.
【答案】 97.until
97.句意:然而,直到1611年,叉子才在英国使用。考查“not until”直到……才。故填until。


And in some areas in India, people do not celebrate the New Year, but cry. Do you know why? It is said that they cry     120     time goes quickly and life is so short.
【答案】120.because
120.句意:据说他们哭是因为时间过得很快,生命过得很短。根据“It is said that they cry … time goes quickly and life is so short.”可知,空格前后为前果后因,用because“因为”。故填because。


八、冠词考点:
冠词分类:定冠词(the),不定冠词(a/an),零冠词(一般不考)
[空格后面一定有名词,或是被形容词修饰的名词。所以做题一定要注意往横线后面一直看,看有没有名词出现。]
定冠词与不定冠词的区分:the用于特指,第二次出现,形容词最高级。a/an用于泛指,第一次出现,固定搭配。[根据元音音素来判断用a还是an,【特殊例子特殊记】an + hour / honor / honesty;a + useful / university]
固定词组与搭配:take a walk,have a fever中的a就是固定的,by the way中the也是固定搭配
【示例】
Last month I went to UK and had     33     good time. Let me tell you what I did on the first day in London, the capital of the UK.
【答案】33.a 
33.句意:上个月我去了英国,玩得很开心。have a good time意为“玩得开心”,是动词短语,故填a。


To Asian people, forks are     93     odd (奇怪的) utensil.
【答案】 93.an 
93.句意:对亚洲人来说,叉子是一种奇怪的器具。这里泛指一种奇怪的器具,odd为元音音素开头。故填an。


It’s      50      perfect way to help give you a sense of happiness and peace after spending a tiring day. It’s worth a go, isn’t it?
【答案】 50.a
50.句意:它是一个在度过令人疲惫的一天后帮助给你快乐宁静感觉的完美方式。根据way“方式”为可数名词单数可知,此处应填不定冠词,而“perfect”为辅音音素开头,故填a。


九、句子引导词、关系词等

【常考的:that / whether / if/which/who与各类疑问词等】
根据句子的结构和成分分析是考查定语从句、状语从句还是宾语从句来判定。
【示例】
“Excuse me, do you know     38     (连词) there is a restaurant around here?” I asked the young man. With his help, I found a good restaurant.
【答案】38.if/whether
38.句意:“打扰一下,你知道这附近有餐厅吗?”,我问那个年轻人。该句是宾语从句,根据句意可知,作者想知道附近是否有餐厅,所以用连接词if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句,故填if/whether。


In Hua’s photos, many things can    63    (find), from the sandstorms to young trees, as well as the people    64    fight against desertification (沙漠化).
【答案】 64.who/that 
64.句意:在华的照片中,可以找到许多东西,从沙尘暴到年轻的树木,以及与沙漠化作斗争的人们。句子是定语从句,先行词是people,关系词在从句中作主语,用who/that引导定语从句。故填who/that。


Beryl said, “I thought Christopher and Rosie were dead. Then I saw     88     (he) come up out of the water like a dolphin.     89     amazing it was!”
【答案】 89.How
89.句意:太神奇了!该句为感叹句,中心词amazing“神奇的”为形容词,感叹词用how,位于句首首字母大写。故填How。

十、词性转换:
根据句子确定词性,再根据构词法知识进行词形式变化。
【示例】
Books play an    11    (importance) role in our life. Then which book is your favorite?
【答案】important
11.句意:书籍在我们生活中起着重要的作用。importance“重要性”,是名词,修饰名词role,用形容词,故填important。


The clerk showed me the     35     (direct) to the dinning hall.
【答案】direction
35.句意:店员告诉我去餐厅的方向。定冠词the后跟名词,direct意为“直接的”,名词形式为direction“方向”,故填direction。


How are the young people from these places influenced by “red spirit”? How do they carry out the spirit in their      44      (day) lives?
【答案】daily
44.句意:他们是如何在日常生活中弘扬这种精神的?根据“How do they carry out the spirit in their...lives?”可知,本空缺定语修饰名词lives,day的形容词形式为daily“日常的”,故填daily。

一、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

    Kun Opera is a kind of traditional Chinese opera    1    has been around for over 600 years. It is considered to be one of    2    (old) forms of Chinese operas. The    3    (one) record of Kun Opera goes back    4    the 14th century in the Yuan Dynasty. The Kunshan area in Jiangsu Province is the birthplace of Kun Opera. Kun Opera became    5    national art form in the 16th century. In the following 200 years, between the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, Kun Opera    6    (welcome) around the country, becoming an important part of Chinese culture. Sadly, Kun Opera    7    (fall) little by little since the 18th century. With the rise of other operas such as Peking Opera, Kun Opera started    8    (lose) its ground. In the 20th century, Kun Opera almost died out. Thanks to overseas Chinese Kun Opera groups and    9    (fan), some Kun Opera pieces and skills remained.    10    (recent), the rise of “zhe zi xi” could keep this kind of art alive. Instead of acting the whole piece of one play for a long time, now the artists can perform one or several interesting pieces on their own.
【答案】
1.that/which    2.the oldest    3.first    4.to    5.a    6.was welcomed    7.has fallen    8.to lose/losing    9.fans    10.Recently
二、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
It seems that on every street corner in the world, there is a fast-food restaurant. People everywhere are busy,   11   they do not want to wait for their food. Around the world, $240 billion a year   12   (spend) on fast food. Yet, even though fast food has become quite popular, there are many myths about it.
The first myth is that fast food is a recent   13   (invent). This is not true.   14   (many) than 2,000 years ago, the people of Rome lined up in the street to buy quick   15   (meal) at small stands. One type of their most popular fast food looked a lot   16   a modern hamburger. All through history, people have always eaten fast food.
The second myth is that all fast food is American. While many modern fast-food restaurants are American, some very   17   (tradition) Chinese food is nearly fast food. This includes mantou, noodles and Chinese dumplings. In fact, one of the most popular fast-food chains (连锁店) in the USA   18   (be) a Chinese food chain, Panda Express. It has more than 1,600 restaurants in America.
Finally, many people think that fast food is always bad for them. This is true for a lot of fast food.   19  , nearly every fast-food restaurant has some healthy food on its menu, and some fast-food restaurants only make healthy food. The problem is not fast food, but the choices we make. We can choose   20   (eat) healthy food, even at fast-food restaurants.

【答案】
11.so    12.is spent    13.invention    14.More    15.meals    16.like    17.traditional    18.is    19.However    20.to eat
三、阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
The sweetest memory of my childhood is about a round table.
When I was still, little, my whole family would get together on different traditional    21    (festival). When I got a bit older, my aunt brought back her boyfriend and my grandma    22    (glad) added another seat to the round table. It seemed a little more crowded, but we all felt much    23    (close) to each other. When I was twelve, my grandpa passed away. That made us    24    (feel) sad. However, when the whole family    25    (get) together once again, we felt like that he had never left us.
We all have a table like this in    26    (we) homes. It is a sign of reunion (团聚) of our family showing our feelings.    27    the reason why we come together may be different, the feelings behind it are the same. Usually different cultures    28    (accept) by us around the table. What’s more, we express the love not only for our family, but also for    29    community, our nation and even the whole world.
The history of our nation has been the stories of looking for or running to the round table that we belong to. The round table has been a symbol    30    the Chinese feelings. It was, it is and will always be.

【答案】
21.festivals    22.gladly    23.closer    24.feel    25.got    26.our    27.Although/Though    28.are accepted    29.a    30.of

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