高考阅读理解法宝——同义替换

1.同义替换

(1)名词

①担忧:worry→concern 

②建议:suggestion→proposal

③影响:influence→impact 

④目标:target→goal, aim, purpose

⑤难题:problem→issue 

⑥机会:chance→opportunity

⑦垃圾:litter→rubbish; garbage; trash 

⑧ 发 展: development→ advance, progress, growth, improvement

⑨住所:house→shelter 

⑩困难:difficulty→barrier, challenge, trouble

⑪人:people→individual, person, human 

⑫优势:advantage→virtue, benefit, strength

⑬老人:old people→the aged, the elderly, the senior 

⑭缺陷:disadvantage→drawback, weakness

⑮干旱:with no rain at all→drought 

⑯方法:method→way, approach

⑰地区:district→zone, place, region, area 

⑱财富,财产:wealth→fortune, property

⑲高速公路:expressway→freeway 

⑳原因:reason→factor

㉑故事:tale→story 

㉒好运:luck→fortune

㉓渴望:eagerness→desire 

㉔联系;关联:connection→link

㉕革新:revolution→innovation 

㉖画像:picture→image

㉗高兴:joy→entertainment 

㉘短缺:shortage→lack

(2)动词

①减轻:ease→relieve 

②提倡:propose→advocate

③讨厌:hate→dislike, be fed up with, be bored with 

④鼓励,激发:encourage→motivate

⑤对……感兴趣:be interested in→be caught up in, be crazy about, be fond of, be attracted to 

⑥阻止:prevent→stop

⑦充分利用:make full use of→make the most/best of, take advantage of 

⑧相似:look like→resemble

⑨完成:accomplish→achieve, finish 

⑩抵挡:stand up to→resist, oppose

⑪处理:deal with→handle 

⑫采取措施:take action→take measures, take steps

⑬加速:speed up→accelerate 

⑭出发去某地:set off for→head for, leave for

⑮降低至:fall to→decline to, decrease to, drop to 

⑯要求:request→demand, require

⑰消除:clear→remove 

⑱确保:ensure→guarantee, make sure

⑲给予:give→offer, provide, supply 

⑳保持:keep→maintain

㉑导致:lead to→cause, give rise to, result in, bring 

㉒暴露:reveal→expose

㉓提高:improve→enhance, promote 

㉔改变:change→transform

㉕与⋯⋯有联系:connect with→associate with 

㉖建立:build→establish, set up

㉗得到:get→acquire, obtain, receive, earn 

㉘拥有:have→possess, own

㉙感谢:thank→appreciate 

㉚表达:express→convey

㉛解决:solve→deal with, resolve 

㉜帮助:help→assist, aid

㉝确信:make sure→ensure 

㉞认为:think→consider, believe, insist, hold

㉟损害:damage→hurt, injure, harm, destroy 

㊱保护:protect→secure, preserve

㊲致力于:be devoted to→be committed to 

㊳展示:show→reveal, illustrate, present

㊴允许某人做某事:give sb. permission to do sth.→allow sb. to do sth. 

㊵预订:book→reserve

㊶推迟:put off→delay 

㊷转换:switch→transform, shift

㊸禁止:forbid→ban, prohibit 

㊹区分:tell sth./sb. apart→distinguish

㊺由⋯⋯构成:be made up of→be composed of, consist of 

㊻维持:sustain→support, maintain

㊼承 担 责任:shoulder/undertake one's duty→be responsible for, take responsibility 

㊽增加:be on the rise→increase, multiply

㊾尽力做某事:do sth. to the best of one's ability→try one's best to do sth. , spare no effort to do sth., make every effort to do sth. 

㊿专心致志于:put one’s heart into→be absorbed in, be bent on, be buried in

51.发生:take place→occur 

52.坚持:stick to→persevere

53.计划:plan→intend 

54.促使:contribute→push, drive

55.重建:rebuild→restart 

56.把……归咎于:put... down to→blame

57.更关心:cake more about→pay close attention to 

58.容纳:accommodate→hold

59.希望:want→desire 

60.减少:reduce→cut, save

61.开设:start→run 

62.集中(注意力):concentrate→focus

(3)形容词

①乏味的:boring→dull, tiresome 

②害怕的:afraid→frightened, scared

③出名的:famous→well-known 

④显然的:obvious→apparent, evident, clear

⑤严重的:serious→severe 

⑥有益的: useful→helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding

⑦新的:new→fresh, brand new, novel 

⑧粗鲁的:rude→impolite

⑨怀疑的:doubtful→skeptical 

⑩快速的:fast→speedy

⑪最便宜的:the least expensive→the cheapest 

⑫许多:many→a sea of, an ocean of, abundant, numerous

⑬巨大的:big→enormous, vast, massive, huge 

⑭聪明的:clever→smart, gifted, sharp-minded

⑮好的:good→fantastic, outstanding, remarkable 

⑯穷的:in poverty→poor, needy

⑰悲伤的:sad→depressed, frustrated, disappointed 

⑱重要的:important→significant, essential, critical, vital, crucial

⑲基本的:fundamental→basic, essential 

⑳神圣的:sacred→holy

㉑充足的; 富裕的: rich → plentiful, generous, abundant 

㉒少量的:a small number of →a handful of

㉓主要的:primary→main 

㉔合理的:reasonable→sensible, sound

㉕勇敢的:brave→fearless, courageous 

㉖开心的:happy→cheerful, delightful, thrilled

㉗艰难的:difficult→tough, challenging 

㉘有害的:harmful→damaging

㉙传统的:traditional→conventional 

㉚生气的:angry→annoyed

㉛最初的:initial→original 

㉜疲劳的:worn→tired, exhausted

㉝普通的;平常的:ordinary→common 

㉞惊奇的:surprised→amazed

㉟进一步的:follow-up→next 

㊱棘手的:tough→complex

(4)副词

①非常:very→extremely, intensely 

②最后:finally→eventually, ultimately

③起先:firstly→originally, initially 

④大约:approximately→almost, about, around, nearly, roughly

⑤肯定地:certainly→definitely, undoubtedly, obviously, apparently 

⑥经常,总是:frequently→constantly, always

⑦立刻:right now→immediately, shortly, right away 

⑧事实上:as a matter of fact→practically, in practice, in reality, in effect, in fact

⑨平稳地:steadily→smoothly 

⑩决不,从不:never→on no account, at no time, under no circumstances

⑪偶尔,有时:now and then→at times, occasionally 

⑫很少:rarely→seldom

⑬每天:day in and day out→every day 

⑭缓慢地,轻微地:slightly→slowly, mildly, gently

⑮仅仅:only→merely 

⑯完全地:totally→absolutely, completely

⑰目前:at present→nowadays, recently 

⑱急剧地:dramatically→sharply

(5)其他替换

①我认为:in my opinion→personally, from my perspective 

②关于:with regard to→as for

③虽然:despite/regardless of the fact that→although/though ④同时:at the same time→meanwhile, in the meantime

⑤因为:on account of the fact that→because 

⑥对比:on the other hand→by contrast, on the contrary

⑦此外:in addition→besides, furthermore, moreover