with复合结构:高考只考一道“逻辑题”,doing/done/to do别再凭语感

四季读书网 2026-11-04 21:43:36 6 0

今天把高考最常设坑、读后续写最出分的那一层讲透。

一、先认公式：with复合结构到底是什么

公式只有一行：

with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

宾语通常是名词或代词；补足语可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、名词，也可以是非谓语动词。with复合结构在句中常作状语和定语。高考设空，最集中在非谓语这一块：

with + 宾语 + doing
with + 宾语 + done
with + 宾语 + to do

例如：

With the exam approaching, students felt nervous.
With all the tickets sold out, they had to wait outside.
With a lot of homework to finish, he stayed at home.

注意：判断关系时，只看 with 后面的宾语和补足语之间的逻辑关系，不要看主句主语。

二、三种非谓语，只用两步判断

第一步：看主动/被动

宾语是动作的发出者，用 doing；

宾语是动作的承受者，用 done。

· With my mom filming the event, I stood nearby.

mymom 主动 film，用 doing。

· With his eyes fixed on the blackboard, he listened carefully.

从Fix one’s eyes on短语可以看出eyes被fix，所以用done。

第二步：看动作发没发生

动作正在进行或主动发生，用 doing；

动作已经被动完成，用 done；

动作尚未发生、有待处理，用 to do。

· With the temperature rising rapidly, people began to wear light clothes.

温度主动上升，正在进行，用rising。

· With the problem solved, we felt relieved.

问题被解决，且已完成，用solved。

· With so many things to deal with, he felt stressed.

事情有待处理，尚未发生，用to deal with。

口诀：先看主被动，再看发没发生；主动进行 doing，被动完成 done，将来待做 to do。

三、近年高考语境演练：先判断，再对答案

下面用近年高考真题语境和同考点改编题训练。标注“改编”的，是保留高考考法、改写语境。

题宾语动作关系答案

She hugged him tightly, with her eyes ______ (fill) with tears. With复合结构可以转换为and her eyes were filled with tears. eyes 眼睛被泪水充满，被动完成 filled

With the temperature ______ (rise) rapidly, people began to wear light clothes. temperature 温度主动上升，正在进行 rising

With all the work ______ (finish), we went out for a walk. work 工作被完成，已完成 finished

With a lot of homework ______ (finish), he stayed at home. homework 作业有待完成，尚未发生 to finish

四道题，考的都是同一个动作：先找宾语，再判宾语和动词的逻辑关系。不要一看到 with 就填 doing，也不要凭“读起来顺”选答案。

四、最容易翻车的四个点

1. 见 with 就填 doing。

with 后面的宾语如果是动作承受者，必须用 done。

With the door locked, he couldn't get in. 不是 locking。

2. 把主句主语拿来判断。

with 复合结构里，逻辑关系只看宾语和补足语。

With his hands shaking, he opened the letter. 看的是 hands 和 shake，不是 he。

3. 分不清 done 和 to do。

done 是“已经被动完成”，to do 是“还没发生、有待做”。

With the work finished：工作已完成；

With the work to finish：工作还没做。

4. 忽略形容词、副词、介词短语作宾补。

with 复合结构不只有非谓语：

With the door open, he walked in.（形容词）

With his head down, he said nothing.（副词）

With a book in his hand, he sat by the window.（介词短语）

With Tom our new monitor, the class is better organized.（名词）

五、读后续写里，它为什么容易出分

with 复合结构最大的写作价值，是把两个动作压进一句话，画面更紧。

普通版：Her hands were shaking. She opened the letter.

升级版：She opened the letter, with her hands shaking.

普通版：The work was finished. We went out.

升级版：With the work finished, we went out.

高考读后续写中，with + 宾语 + done/doing 常用来写神态、动作、环境、心理背景。语法填空中判得对，写作里才用得出来；写作里主动用过，语法填空也不容易判错。

一句话总结

with 复合结构，高考真正考的不是“with 什么意思”，而是：with 后面的宾语，和后面的动作，到底是什么逻辑关系。

主动进行用 doing，被动完成用 done，将来待做用 to do。

下一篇再讲 with 作介词的其他义项和固定搭配。

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