初中英语动词搭配四类清单
核心搭配· 深度辨析 · 高频易错 · 速记口诀 · 随堂自测
【编者使用说明与高效复习建议】 1. 前四部分为「背诵清单」,第五、六部分为「对比区分」,第七部分为「易错避坑」,第八部分为「口诀串记」,第九、十部分为「随堂通关检测与解析」。 2. 清单中标注「短语」的条目属于中考极高频考查点,务必整体记忆;主动语态与被动语态形式不同的(如使役与感官动词),在表格下方均有详尽说明。 3. 本讲义所有例句均已配置精准规范的中英文双语对照,适合初中各年级日常学习、中考语法专项突破、早读背诵及课后默写过关。 |
一、动词 + to do(不定式作宾语)
序号 | 核心动词/短语 | 词义 | 英文经典例句 | 参考译文 |
1 | want | 想要 | I want to join the school basketball team. | 我想加入学校篮球队。 |
2 | would like | 想要 | She would like to visit the science museum. | 她想去参观科学博物馆。 |
3 | hope | 希望 | We hope to see you again soon. | 我们希望不久能再次见到你。 |
4 | wish | 希望 | I wish to travel around the world one day. | 我希望有一天能环游世界。 |
5 | plan | 计划 | They plan to go camping this weekend. | 他们计划这个周末去野营。 |
6 | decide | 决定 | He decided to learn the guitar. | 他决定学弹吉他。 |
7 | choose | 选择 | You can choose to stay or leave. | 你可以选择留下或者离开。 |
8 | agree | 同意 | Tom agreed to help us with the show. | 汤姆同意在演出中协助我们。 |
9 | refuse | 拒绝 | She refused to answer the question. | 她拒绝回答这个问题。 |
10 | promise | 承诺 | I promise to keep the secret. | 我承诺保守这个秘密。 |
11 | learn | 学会 | We are learning to swim this term. | 我们这学期正在学游泳。 |
12 | begin / start | 开始 | It began to rain after lunch. | 午饭后天开始下雨了。 |
13 | try | 尽力 | Try to finish the work before six. | 尽力在六点前完成这项工作。 |
14 | fail | 未能 | He failed to catch the last bus. | 他没能赶上末班车。 |
15 | offer | 主动提出 | Kate offered to carry the heavy box. | 凯特主动提出帮提这个重箱子。 |
16 | manage | 设法完成 | We managed to find the way out. | 我们设法找到了出去的路。 |
17 | afford | 负担得起 | I can't afford to buy such an expensive bike. | 我买不起这么昂贵的自行车。 |
18 | prepare | 准备 | They are preparing to move to a new flat. | 他们正在准备搬进新公寓。 |
19 | expect | 期待;预料 | We expect to hear from her soon. | 我们期待很快收到她的来信。 |
20 | seem | 似乎 | He seems to know the answer. | 他似乎知道答案。 |
21 | happen | 碰巧 | I happened to meet my old teacher in the street. | 我碰巧在街上遇到了我的老师。 |
22 | pretend | 假装 | Don't pretend to be asleep. | 别假装睡着了。 |
23 | can't wait | 迫不及待(短语) | The children can't wait to open the presents. | 孩子们迫不及待地拆开礼物。 |
24 | be sure | 一定(短语) | Be sure to lock the door before you leave. | 离开前务必锁好门。 |
25 | be ready | 准备好(短语) | Are you ready to start the game? | 你准备好开始游戏了吗? |
26 | be able | 能够(短语) | She is able to speak three languages. | 她能够讲三种语言。 |
【核心考点与点拨】 1. 结构本质:这一类的 to 是动词不定式符号,后面必须接动词原形。其否定形式为 not to do,直接将 not 放在 to 前,例如 decide not to go(决定不去)。 2. 兼容特例:begin / start 后面接 to do 或 doing 均可,含义基本相同;like / love / hate 之后接 to do 或 doing 均符合语法,但表示「某一次具体的动作或特定倾向」时多用 to do,表示「长期的爱好与习惯」时多用 doing。 |
二、动词 + sb + to do(不定式作宾语补足语)
序号 | 核心动词 | 词义 | 英文经典例句 | 参考译文 |
1 | ask | 要求 | Our teacher asked us to hand in the homework on time. | 老师要求我们按时交作业。 |
2 | tell | 告诉 | Mum told me to come back before dark. | 妈妈告诉我天黑前必须回来。 |
3 | want | 想要 | Do you want me to open the window? | 你想让我打开窗户吗? |
4 | would like | 想要 | I'd like you to meet my parents. | 我想让你见见我的父母。 |
5 | invite | 邀请 | Lucy invited me to join in her birthday party. | 露西邀请我参加她的生日派对。 |
6 | encourage | 鼓励 | Our coach encourages us to try our best. | 我们的教练鼓励我们竭尽全力。 |
7 | advise | 建议 | The doctor advised him to take more exercise. | 医生建议他多做运动。 |
8 | allow | 允许 | My parents don't allow me to play games on weekdays. | 我父母不允许我在平时工作日玩游戏。 |
9 | permit | 允许 | The school doesn't permit students to use phones in class. | 学校不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。 |
10 | order | 命令 | The officer ordered the soldiers to stop. | 军官命令士兵们停下来。 |
11 | warn | 警告 | The sign warns people not to swim in the river. | 警示牌警告人们不要在河里游泳。 |
12 | teach | 教 | Grandpa taught me to fish when I was six. | 我六岁时爷爷教我钓鱼。 |
13 | remind | 提醒 | Please remind him to bring his ticket. | 请提醒他带上门票。 |
14 | expect | 期望 | We expect everyone to arrive on time. | 我们期望每个人都能按时到达。 |
15 | need | 需要 | I need you to help me with the poster. | 我需要你帮我一起制作海报。 |
16 | force | 强迫 | The heavy rain forced us to stay at home. | 大雨迫使我们呆在家里。 |
17 | persuade | 说服 | She persuaded her father to give up smoking. | 她说服了父亲戒烟。 |
18 | get | 让;使 | I'll get my brother to fix the bike. | 我会让我哥哥把自行车修好。 |
【核心考点与点拨】 1. 结构本质:sb 是动词的宾语,to do 是补充说明宾语动作的补足语,二者构成复合宾语。否定形式将 not 置于 to 之前:ask sb not to do(要求某人不要做某事)。 2. 中考高频转换:此类结构变为被动语态时,宾语变为被动句主语,不定式作主语补足语,形式为 sb be asked/told/warned to do,是中考句型转换考查的重中之重。 |
三、动词 + sb + do(省略 to 的动词原形)
序号 | 核心动词/短语 | 词义 | 英文经典例句 | 参考译文 |
1 | make | 使;让 | The funny story made us laugh. | 这个有趣的故事把我们逗笑了。 |
2 | let | 让 | Let me help you with the bags. | 让我来帮你拿这些包吧。 |
3 | have | 让;使 | I'll have him call you back. | 我会让他给你回电话。 |
4 | help | 帮助(to 可省略) | She helped me (to) carry the books. | 她帮我搬这些书。 |
5 | see | 看见(全过程) | I saw him enter the room just now. | 刚才我看见他走进了房间。 |
6 | hear | 听见(全过程) | We heard someone sing in the next room. | 我们听见有人在隔壁房间唱歌。 |
7 | watch | 观看 | They watched the children play football. | 他们看着孩子们踢足球。 |
8 | notice | 注意到 | I noticed a boy run across the street. | 我注意到一个男孩跑过了街道。 |
9 | feel | 感觉 | I felt something move under my feet. | 我感觉脚下有什么东西在动。 |
10 | listen to | 听 | We listened to her play the piano. | 我们聆听了她弹钢琴。 |
11 | look at | 看着 | Look at the bird fly away. | 看那只鸟飞走了。 |
【核心考点与点拨】 1. 核心铁律(被动语态还原 to):上述使役动词(make/have)和感官动词(see/hear/watch/notice等)在主动语态中省略 to,但在变为被动语态时,必须将省略的 to 还原! • The boy was made to clean the room.(那个男孩被迫打扫房间。) • She was seen to enter the office.(有人看见她走进了办公室。) • The children were heard to sing.(有人听见孩子们在唱歌。) 2. 特殊动词 help:help 是初中英语中唯一既可省略 to 也可保留 to 的动词。主动语态中两者均正确(help sb do = help sb to do),被动语态中习惯保留 to(be helped to do)。 |
四、动词 + doing(动名词作宾语)
序号 | 核心动词/短语 | 词义 | 英文经典例句 | 参考译文 |
1 | enjoy | 喜欢 | I enjoy listening to music after school. | 放学后我喜欢听音乐。 |
2 | finish | 完成 | Have you finished reading the book? | 你读完这本书了吗? |
3 | mind | 介意 | Do you mind opening the window? | 你介意打开窗户吗? |
4 | practise | 练习 | She practises speaking English every morning. | 她每天早晨练习说英语。 |
5 | miss | 错过 | He missed catching the early bus. | 他错过了赶早班车。 |
6 | keep | 一直;不断 | Keep trying and you will succeed. | 坚持努力,你就会成功。 |
7 | give up | 放弃 | My father gave up smoking last year. | 我父亲去年戒烟了。 |
8 | put off | 推迟 | We had to put off having the sports meeting. | 我们不得不推迟举办运动会。 |
9 | suggest | 建议 | I suggest going there by bike. | 我建议骑自行车去那里。 |
10 | avoid | 避免 | Try to avoid making the same mistake. | 尽量避免犯同样的错误。 |
11 | consider | 考虑 | We are considering visiting the science museum. | 我们正在考虑参观科学博物馆。 |
12 | imagine | 想象 | Can you imagine living on the moon? | 你能想象在月球上生活吗? |
13 | can't help | 忍不住 | I couldn't help laughing when I heard the joke. | 听完这个笑话我忍不住大笑起来。 |
14 | feel like | 想要 | I don't feel like eating anything now. | 我现在什么也不想吃。 |
15 | be worth | 值得(短语) | This film is worth watching. | 这部电影值得一看。 |
16 | be busy | 忙于(短语) | Mum is busy preparing dinner. | 妈妈正忙着准备晚饭。 |
17 | spend time | 花时间(短语) | He spends an hour doing exercise every day. | 他每天花一小时锻炼身体。 |
18 | have fun | 玩得开心(短语) | We had fun playing in the snow. | 我们在雪地里玩得非常开心。 |
19 | have difficulty | 做某事有困难(短语) | I have difficulty learning maths. | 我学数学感到很吃力。 |
20 | look forward to | 期待(短语,to是介词) | I'm looking forward to seeing you. | 我期待着与你见面。 |
21 | be used to | 习惯于(短语,to是介词) | She is used to getting up early. | 她习惯了早起。 |
22 | prefer doing to doing | 更喜欢……胜过…… | I prefer reading to watching TV. | 比起看电视,我更喜欢读书。 |
【核心考点与点拨】 1. 结构本质:此处的 doing 是动名词,充当宾语,具有名词性质,绝对不可用不定式 to do 替换。 2. 介词短语陷阱:动词及搭配中的介词必须整体记忆。例如 look forward to、be used to 中的 to 均为介词,其后接动名词 doing,千万不要把这里的 to 误当成动词不定式符号! |
五、既可接 to do 又可接 doing 的动词对照辨析
序号 | 核心动词 | 搭配形式 | 意义核心区别 | 经典双语对照例句 |
1 | stop | to do | 停下来去做另一件事(尚未发生) | We stopped to have a rest.(我们停下来去休息了一会儿。) |
doing | 停止正在做的事情(正在发生) | Please stop talking.(请停止讲话/不要再说话了。) | ||
2 | remember | to do | 记得要去做某事(动作未做) | Remember to close the window.(记着去关上窗户。) |
doing | 记得做过某事(动作已做过) | I remember closing the window.(我记得关过窗户了。) | ||
3 | forget | to do | 忘记要去做某事(动作未做) | Don't forget to call me.(别忘了给我打电话。) |
doing | 忘记曾经做过某事(动作已做) | I forgot calling him.(我忘记曾经给他打过电话了。) | ||
4 | try | to do | 努力、尽力去达成某事 | He tried to catch the bus.(他尽力想赶上公共汽车。) |
doing | 试着做某事(尝试看看效果) | Try knocking at the back door.(试着敲敲后门看有没有人。) | ||
5 | go on | to do | 接着做另一件事(动作切换) | He went on to read the next chapter.(他接着去读下一章。) |
doing | 继续做同一件事(同一动作持续) | He went on reading all night.(他一整夜都在继续读书。) | ||
6 | mean | to do | 打算、企图做某事 | I meant to tell you earlier.(我本来打算早点告诉你的。) |
doing | 意味着(包含某种结果) | Missing the bus means waiting for an hour.(错过这班车意味着要等一小时。) | ||
7 | need | to do | 需要做(人作主语,主动动作) | The bike needs to be repaired.(这辆自行车需要被修理。) |
doing | 需要被做(物作主语,主动表被动) | The bike needs repairing.(这辆自行车需要修理。) | ||
8 | regret | to do | 遗憾地要做某事(常接 to say/tell) | I regret to tell you the bad news.(我很遗憾要告诉你这个坏消息。) |
doing | 后悔做过了某事(对过去动作懊悔) | I regret saying those words.(我后悔说了那些话。) |
【核心判断法则与延伸】 1. 黄金判断法则:判断动作「是否已经发生」。凡是动作尚未发生、将要去做的,多用 to do;凡是动作已经发生过或正在持续进行的,多用 doing。 2. need 主动表被动:need doing 等同于 need to be done,主语通常是物,如 The flowers need watering.(这些花需要浇水了)。类似用法的还有 require, want 等。 3. 宾语结构差异警示:allow / advise doing sth(允许/建议做某事,无sb,接doing);allow / advise sb to do sth(允许/建议某人做某事,有sb,接to do)。切勿混淆! |
六、介词 + doing(to 也可能是介词)
序号 | 固定搭配短语 | 词义 | 英文经典例句 | 参考译文 |
1 | be good at | 擅长 | He is good at playing chess. | 他擅长下国际象棋。 |
2 | be interested in | 对……感兴趣 | I'm interested in learning French. | 我对学法语很感兴趣。 |
3 | be afraid of | 害怕 | She is afraid of staying alone at home. | 她害怕独自呆在家里。 |
4 | be proud of | 为……自豪 | We are proud of winning the game. | 我们为赢得了比赛而自豪。 |
5 | be fond of | 喜欢 | My grandpa is fond of fishing. | 我爷爷喜欢钓鱼。 |
6 | thank you for | 感谢你…… | Thank you for helping me. | 感谢你帮助了我。 |
7 | be sorry for | 为……抱歉 | I'm sorry for being late. | 我很抱歉迟到了。 |
8 | how about / what about | ……怎么样 | How about going swimming this afternoon? | 今天下午去游泳怎么样? |
9 | instead of | 代替;而不是 | Let's walk instead of taking a bus. | 咱们步行吧,不要坐公交车了。 |
10 | without | 没有;不 | He left without saying goodbye. | 他没说再见就离开了。 |
11 | after | 在……之后 | After finishing the work, she went home. | 完成工作后,她回家了。 |
12 | by | 通过(方式/手段) | You can learn English by watching films. | 你可以通过看电影来学英语。 |
13 | pay attention to | 注意(to 是介词) | Pay attention to spelling the words correctly. | 注意把单词拼写正确。 |
14 | make a contribution to | 为……作贡献(to 是介词) | He made a contribution to protecting the wetlands. | 他为保护湿地作出了贡献。 |
【秒杀技巧:巧辨 to 是介词还是不定式】 • 置换验证法:将 to 后面的部分尝试替换成一个名词,如 the book 或 it。如果句子在语法和逻辑上完全通顺,则此处的 to 必然是介词,其后必须接动名词 doing;若说不通,则为不定式符号,后面必须接动词原形。 • 实例验证:look forward to the book(期待这本书)语义成立,因此 look forward to seeing you 必须用 seeing;pay attention to the problem(注意这个问题)成立,因此 pay attention to spelling 必须用动名词。 |
七、初中英语动词搭配八大高频易错点精解
★ 考点 1 · to 不都是不定式符号,警惕介词 to:look forward to、be used to、pay attention to、make a contribution to 中的 to 全是介词,其后必须接名词、代词或动名词 doing。判断技巧:把 to 后面换成名词(如 the book),能说通就是介词。 ★ 考点 2 · 使役与感官动词「主动省 to,被动还原 to」:主动语态中,make / let / have / see / hear / watch / notice 后接省略 to 的动词原形;但变为被动语态时,必须把 to 还原!如:The boy was made to clean the room. / He was heard to sing.(help 在主动中 to 可省可不省,被动中通常保留 to)。 ★ 考点 3 · 否定不定式必须写 not to do,切勿用 don't do:初中常考句型:ask sb not to do, tell sb not to do, warn sb not to do。切记 not 紧贴在 to 之前,绝不能写成 ask sb don't do。 ★ 考点 4 · hope 与 suggest 绝对不可接 sb to do:希望某人做某事不能用 hope sb to do(无此结构),需用 wish sb to do 或 hope + that 从句;建议某人做某事不能用 suggest sb to do,需用 suggest doing sth 或 suggest that sb (should) do sth。 ★ 考点 5 · stop / remember / forget 牢记时间先后法则:to do 表示动作尚未发生(准备去做);doing 表示动作已经发生或正在进行。例如:remember to close the door(记得去关门,门还没关)vs remember closing the door(记得关过门了,门已关)。 ★ 考点 6 · enjoy / finish / mind / practise 后绝对不接 to do:这四个词是中考高频送分题,但也是极易手误的失分点,后面只能跟动名词 doing。如 enjoy listening, finish reading, mind opening, practise speaking。 ★ 考点 7 · would like 的两种搭配结构:主语自己想做用 would like to do sth;希望别人去做用 would like sb to do sth。两者的不定式符号 to 均不可省略。 ★ 考点 8 · 形式宾语 it 经典句型结构:find / think / make / feel + it + adj. + to do sth。其中 it 为形式宾语,形容词作宾补,真正的宾语是不定式短语 to do。例如:I find it hard to get up early. |
八、四大核心速记口诀
【口诀一:只接 to do】想要希望计划决定,同意拒绝承诺学会。 (want, hope, plan, decide, agree, refuse, promise, learn) 【口诀二:接 sb to do】请求告诉邀请鼓励,建议允许命令警告,再教再提醒。 (ask, tell, invite, encourage, advise, allow, order, warn, teach, remind) 【口诀三:省 to 的 sb do】一感二听三让四看半帮助。 一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(make, let, have)四看(see, watch, notice, look at)半帮助(help 主动可带可不带 to,被动还原 to)。 【口诀四:只接 doing】享受完成介意练习,错过保持放弃推迟。 (enjoy, finish, mind, practise, miss, keep, give up, put off) |
九、课堂通关自测(12 题 · 建议用时 8 分钟)
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空:
1. He decided ____________ (join) the school club. 2. Mum often tells me ____________ (not stay) up late. 3. The teacher made us ____________ (read) the text aloud. 4. I heard someone ____________ (sing) in the next room just now. 5. She enjoys ____________ (draw) pictures in her free time. 6. Don't forget ____________ (close) the window when you leave. 7. I remember ____________ (see) him somewhere before. 8. Let's stop ____________ (have) a rest. 9. He is used to ____________ (get) up early. 10. I'm looking forward to ____________ (hear) from you. 11. Would you like ____________ (come) to my party? 12. The workers were made ____________ (work) ten hours a day. |
十、参考答案速查与名师命题透视
题号 | 参考答案 | 题号 | 参考答案 | 题号 | 参考答案 |
1 | to join | 5 | drawing | 9 | getting |
2 | not to stay | 6 | to close | 10 | hearing |
3 | read | 7 | seeing | 11 | to come |
4 | sing | 8 | to have | 12 | to work |
【第 1 题点拨】正确答案:to join。decide 后面接不定式作宾语,搭配为 decide to do sth。 【第 2 题点拨】正确答案:not to stay。tell sb to do 的否定形式,not 紧贴在 to 之前,构成 tell sb not to do sth。 【第 3 题点拨】正确答案:read。使役动词 make 后接省略 to 的不定式作宾补,即 make sb do sth。 【第 4 题点拨】正确答案:sing。感官动词 hear 强调听见动作发生的「全过程」,接省略 to 的原形,即 hear sb do sth。 【第 5 题点拨】正确答案:drawing。enjoy 后面必须接动名词作宾语,即 enjoy doing sth。 【第 6 题点拨】正确答案:to close。动作尚未发生,表示「别忘了去关窗」,用 forget to do sth。 【第 7 题点拨】正确答案:seeing。动作已经发生,表示「记得曾经见过他」,用 remember doing sth。 【第 8 题点拨】正确答案:to have。表示「停下来当前的事去休息」,用 stop to do sth。 【第 9 题点拨】正确答案:getting。be used to doing sth 表示「习惯于做某事」,这里的 to 是介词,接动名词。 【第 10 题点拨】正确答案:hearing。look forward to doing sth 中的 to 是介词,后面接动名词 hearing。 【第 11 题点拨】正确答案:to come。would you like to do sth 是一般疑问句礼貌邀请句型,后接不定式。 【第 12 题点拨】正确答案:to work。make sb do 在变为被动语态时必须将省略的 to 还原,即 be made to do sth。 【命题陷阱提示】:第 2、3、4、9、10、12 题是中考失分集中点,分别对应「否定不定式位置」、「使役动词主动省 to」、「感官动词省 to」、「be used to 中的介词 to」、「look forward to 中的介词 to」以及「被动语态还原 to」。日常复习中务必反复强化训练! |
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