26-27中考英语---动词搭配四类清单 to do | sb to do | sb do | doing

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26-27中考英语---动词搭配四类清单 to do | sb to do | sb do | doing

初中英语动词搭配四类清单

核心搭配· 深度辨析 · 高频易错 · 速记口诀 · 随堂自测

【编者使用说明与高效复习建议】

1. 前四部分为「背诵清单」,第五、六部分为「对比区分」,第七部分为「易错避坑」,第八部分为「口诀串记」,第九、十部分为「随堂通关检测与解析」。

2. 清单中标注「短语」的条目属于中考极高频考查点,务必整体记忆;主动语态与被动语态形式不同的(如使役与感官动词),在表格下方均有详尽说明。

3. 本讲义所有例句均已配置精准规范的中英文双语对照,适合初中各年级日常学习、中考语法专项突破、早读背诵及课后默写过关。

一、动词 + to do(不定式作宾语)

序号

核心动词/短语

词义

英文经典例句

参考译文

1

want

想要

I want to join the school basketball team.

我想加入学校篮球队。

2

would like

想要

She would like to visit the science museum.

她想去参观科学博物馆。

3

hope

希望

We hope to see you again soon.

我们希望不久能再次见到你。

4

wish

希望

I wish to travel around the world one day.

我希望有一天能环游世界。

5

plan

计划

They plan to go camping this weekend.

他们计划这个周末去野营。

6

decide

决定

He decided to learn the guitar.

他决定学弹吉他。

7

choose

选择

You can choose to stay or leave.

你可以选择留下或者离开。

8

agree

同意

Tom agreed to help us with the show.

汤姆同意在演出中协助我们。

9

refuse

拒绝

She refused to answer the question.

她拒绝回答这个问题。

10

promise

承诺

I promise to keep the secret.

我承诺保守这个秘密。

11

learn

学会

We are learning to swim this term.

我们这学期正在学游泳。

12

begin / start

开始

It began to rain after lunch.

午饭后天开始下雨了。

13

try

尽力

Try to finish the work before six.

尽力在六点前完成这项工作。

14

fail

未能

He failed to catch the last bus.

他没能赶上末班车。

15

offer

主动提出

Kate offered to carry the heavy box.

凯特主动提出帮提这个重箱子。

16

manage

设法完成

We managed to find the way out.

我们设法找到了出去的路。

17

afford

负担得起

I can't afford to buy such an expensive bike.

我买不起这么昂贵的自行车。

18

prepare

准备

They are preparing to move to a new flat.

他们正在准备搬进新公寓。

19

expect

期待;预料

We expect to hear from her soon.

我们期待很快收到她的来信。

20

seem

似乎

He seems to know the answer.

他似乎知道答案。

21

happen

碰巧

I happened to meet my old teacher in the street.

我碰巧在街上遇到了我的老师。

22

pretend

假装

Don't pretend to be asleep.

别假装睡着了。

23

can't wait

迫不及待(短语)

The children can't wait to open the presents.

孩子们迫不及待地拆开礼物。

24

be sure

一定(短语)

Be sure to lock the door before you leave.

离开前务必锁好门。

25

be ready

准备好(短语)

Are you ready to start the game?

你准备好开始游戏了吗?

26

be able

能够(短语)

She is able to speak three languages.

她能够讲三种语言。

【核心考点与点拨】

1. 结构本质:这一类的 to 是动词不定式符号,后面必须接动词原形。其否定形式为 not to do,直接将 not 放在 to 前,例如 decide not to go(决定不去)。

2. 兼容特例:begin / start 后面接 to do 或 doing 均可,含义基本相同;like / love / hate 之后接 to do 或 doing 均符合语法,但表示「某一次具体的动作或特定倾向」时多用 to do,表示「长期的爱好与习惯」时多用 doing。

二、动词 + sb + to do(不定式作宾语补足语)

序号

核心动词

词义

英文经典例句

参考译文

1

ask

要求

Our teacher asked us to hand in the homework on time.

老师要求我们按时交作业。

2

tell

告诉

Mum told me to come back before dark.

妈妈告诉我天黑前必须回来。

3

want

想要

Do you want me to open the window?

你想让我打开窗户吗?

4

would like

想要

I'd like you to meet my parents.

我想让你见见我的父母。

5

invite

邀请

Lucy invited me to join in her birthday party.

露西邀请我参加她的生日派对。

6

encourage

鼓励

Our coach encourages us to try our best.

我们的教练鼓励我们竭尽全力。

7

advise

建议

The doctor advised him to take more exercise.

医生建议他多做运动。

8

allow

允许

My parents don't allow me to play games on weekdays.

我父母不允许我在平时工作日玩游戏。

9

permit

允许

The school doesn't permit students to use phones in class.

学校不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。

10

order

命令

The officer ordered the soldiers to stop.

军官命令士兵们停下来。

11

warn

警告

The sign warns people not to swim in the river.

警示牌警告人们不要在河里游泳。

12

teach

教

Grandpa taught me to fish when I was six.

我六岁时爷爷教我钓鱼。

13

remind

提醒

Please remind him to bring his ticket.

请提醒他带上门票。

14

expect

期望

We expect everyone to arrive on time.

我们期望每个人都能按时到达。

15

need

需要

I need you to help me with the poster.

我需要你帮我一起制作海报。

16

force

强迫

The heavy rain forced us to stay at home.

大雨迫使我们呆在家里。

17

persuade

说服

She persuaded her father to give up smoking.

她说服了父亲戒烟。

18

get

让;使

I'll get my brother to fix the bike.

我会让我哥哥把自行车修好。

【核心考点与点拨】

1. 结构本质:sb 是动词的宾语,to do 是补充说明宾语动作的补足语,二者构成复合宾语。否定形式将 not 置于 to 之前:ask sb not to do(要求某人不要做某事)。

2. 中考高频转换:此类结构变为被动语态时,宾语变为被动句主语,不定式作主语补足语,形式为 sb be asked/told/warned to do,是中考句型转换考查的重中之重。

三、动词 + sb + do(省略 to 的动词原形)

序号

核心动词/短语

词义

英文经典例句

参考译文

1

make

使;让

The funny story made us laugh.

这个有趣的故事把我们逗笑了。

2

let

让

Let me help you with the bags.

让我来帮你拿这些包吧。

3

have

让;使

I'll have him call you back.

我会让他给你回电话。

4

help

帮助(to 可省略)

She helped me (to) carry the books.

她帮我搬这些书。

5

see

看见(全过程)

I saw him enter the room just now.

刚才我看见他走进了房间。

6

hear

听见(全过程)

We heard someone sing in the next room.

我们听见有人在隔壁房间唱歌。

7

watch

观看

They watched the children play football.

他们看着孩子们踢足球。

8

notice

注意到

I noticed a boy run across the street.

我注意到一个男孩跑过了街道。

9

feel

感觉

I felt something move under my feet.

我感觉脚下有什么东西在动。

10

listen to

听

We listened to her play the piano.

我们聆听了她弹钢琴。

11

look at

看着

Look at the bird fly away.

看那只鸟飞走了。

【核心考点与点拨】

1. 核心铁律(被动语态还原 to):上述使役动词(make/have)和感官动词(see/hear/watch/notice等)在主动语态中省略 to,但在变为被动语态时,必须将省略的 to 还原!

• The boy was made to clean the room.(那个男孩被迫打扫房间。)

• She was seen to enter the office.(有人看见她走进了办公室。)

• The children were heard to sing.(有人听见孩子们在唱歌。)

2. 特殊动词 help:help 是初中英语中唯一既可省略 to 也可保留 to 的动词。主动语态中两者均正确(help sb do = help sb to do),被动语态中习惯保留 to(be helped to do)。

四、动词 + doing(动名词作宾语)

序号

核心动词/短语

词义

英文经典例句

参考译文

1

enjoy

喜欢

I enjoy listening to music after school.

放学后我喜欢听音乐。

2

finish

完成

Have you finished reading the book?

你读完这本书了吗?

3

mind

介意

Do you mind opening the window?

你介意打开窗户吗?

4

practise

练习

She practises speaking English every morning.

她每天早晨练习说英语。

5

miss

错过

He missed catching the early bus.

他错过了赶早班车。

6

keep

一直;不断

Keep trying and you will succeed.

坚持努力,你就会成功。

7

give up

放弃

My father gave up smoking last year.

我父亲去年戒烟了。

8

put off

推迟

We had to put off having the sports meeting.

我们不得不推迟举办运动会。

9

suggest

建议

I suggest going there by bike.

我建议骑自行车去那里。

10

avoid

避免

Try to avoid making the same mistake.

尽量避免犯同样的错误。

11

consider

考虑

We are considering visiting the science museum.

我们正在考虑参观科学博物馆。

12

imagine

想象

Can you imagine living on the moon?

你能想象在月球上生活吗?

13

can't help

忍不住

I couldn't help laughing when I heard the joke.

听完这个笑话我忍不住大笑起来。

14

feel like

想要

I don't feel like eating anything now.

我现在什么也不想吃。

15

be worth

值得(短语)

This film is worth watching.

这部电影值得一看。

16

be busy

忙于(短语)

Mum is busy preparing dinner.

妈妈正忙着准备晚饭。

17

spend time

花时间(短语)

He spends an hour doing exercise every day.

他每天花一小时锻炼身体。

18

have fun

玩得开心(短语)

We had fun playing in the snow.

我们在雪地里玩得非常开心。

19

have difficulty

做某事有困难(短语)

I have difficulty learning maths.

我学数学感到很吃力。

20

look forward to

期待(短语,to是介词)

I'm looking forward to seeing you.

我期待着与你见面。

21

be used to

习惯于(短语,to是介词)

She is used to getting up early.

她习惯了早起。

22

prefer doing to doing

更喜欢……胜过……

I prefer reading to watching TV.

比起看电视,我更喜欢读书。

【核心考点与点拨】

1. 结构本质:此处的 doing 是动名词,充当宾语,具有名词性质,绝对不可用不定式 to do 替换。

2. 介词短语陷阱:动词及搭配中的介词必须整体记忆。例如 look forward to、be used to 中的 to 均为介词,其后接动名词 doing,千万不要把这里的 to 误当成动词不定式符号!

五、既可接 to do 又可接 doing 的动词对照辨析

序号

核心动词

搭配形式

意义核心区别

经典双语对照例句

1

stop

to do

停下来去做另一件事(尚未发生)

We stopped to have a rest.(我们停下来去休息了一会儿。)

doing

停止正在做的事情(正在发生)

Please stop talking.(请停止讲话/不要再说话了。)

2

remember

to do

记得要去做某事(动作未做)

Remember to close the window.(记着去关上窗户。)

doing

记得做过某事(动作已做过)

I remember closing the window.(我记得关过窗户了。)

3

forget

to do

忘记要去做某事(动作未做)

Don't forget to call me.(别忘了给我打电话。)

doing

忘记曾经做过某事(动作已做)

I forgot calling him.(我忘记曾经给他打过电话了。)

4

try

to do

努力、尽力去达成某事

He tried to catch the bus.(他尽力想赶上公共汽车。)

doing

试着做某事(尝试看看效果)

Try knocking at the back door.(试着敲敲后门看有没有人。)

5

go on

to do

接着做另一件事(动作切换)

He went on to read the next chapter.(他接着去读下一章。)

doing

继续做同一件事(同一动作持续)

He went on reading all night.(他一整夜都在继续读书。)

6

mean

to do

打算、企图做某事

I meant to tell you earlier.(我本来打算早点告诉你的。)

doing

意味着(包含某种结果)

Missing the bus means waiting for an hour.(错过这班车意味着要等一小时。)

7

need

to do

需要做(人作主语,主动动作)

The bike needs to be repaired.(这辆自行车需要被修理。)

doing

需要被做(物作主语,主动表被动)

The bike needs repairing.(这辆自行车需要修理。)

8

regret

to do

遗憾地要做某事(常接 to say/tell)

I regret to tell you the bad news.(我很遗憾要告诉你这个坏消息。)

doing

后悔做过了某事(对过去动作懊悔)

I regret saying those words.(我后悔说了那些话。)

【核心判断法则与延伸】

1. 黄金判断法则:判断动作「是否已经发生」。凡是动作尚未发生、将要去做的,多用 to do;凡是动作已经发生过或正在持续进行的,多用 doing。

2. need 主动表被动:need doing 等同于 need to be done,主语通常是物,如 The flowers need watering.(这些花需要浇水了)。类似用法的还有 require, want 等。

3. 宾语结构差异警示:allow / advise doing sth(允许/建议做某事,无sb,接doing);allow / advise sb to do sth(允许/建议某人做某事,有sb,接to do)。切勿混淆!

六、介词 + doing(to 也可能是介词)

序号

固定搭配短语

词义

英文经典例句

参考译文

1

be good at

擅长

He is good at playing chess.

他擅长下国际象棋。

2

be interested in

对……感兴趣

I'm interested in learning French.

我对学法语很感兴趣。

3

be afraid of

害怕

She is afraid of staying alone at home.

她害怕独自呆在家里。

4

be proud of

为……自豪

We are proud of winning the game.

我们为赢得了比赛而自豪。

5

be fond of

喜欢

My grandpa is fond of fishing.

我爷爷喜欢钓鱼。

6

thank you for

感谢你……

Thank you for helping me.

感谢你帮助了我。

7

be sorry for

为……抱歉

I'm sorry for being late.

我很抱歉迟到了。

8

how about / what about

……怎么样

How about going swimming this afternoon?

今天下午去游泳怎么样?

9

instead of

代替;而不是

Let's walk instead of taking a bus.

咱们步行吧,不要坐公交车了。

10

without

没有;不

He left without saying goodbye.

他没说再见就离开了。

11

after

在……之后

After finishing the work, she went home.

完成工作后,她回家了。

12

by

通过(方式/手段)

You can learn English by watching films.

你可以通过看电影来学英语。

13

pay attention to

注意(to 是介词)

Pay attention to spelling the words correctly.

注意把单词拼写正确。

14

make a contribution to

为……作贡献(to 是介词)

He made a contribution to protecting the wetlands.

他为保护湿地作出了贡献。

【秒杀技巧:巧辨 to 是介词还是不定式】

• 置换验证法:将 to 后面的部分尝试替换成一个名词,如 the book 或 it。如果句子在语法和逻辑上完全通顺,则此处的 to 必然是介词,其后必须接动名词 doing;若说不通,则为不定式符号,后面必须接动词原形。

• 实例验证:look forward to the book(期待这本书)语义成立,因此 look forward to seeing you 必须用 seeing;pay attention to the problem(注意这个问题)成立,因此 pay attention to spelling 必须用动名词。

七、初中英语动词搭配八大高频易错点精解

★ 考点 1 · to 不都是不定式符号,警惕介词 to:look forward to、be used to、pay attention to、make a contribution to 中的 to 全是介词,其后必须接名词、代词或动名词 doing。判断技巧:把 to 后面换成名词(如 the book),能说通就是介词。

★ 考点 2 · 使役与感官动词「主动省 to,被动还原 to」:主动语态中,make / let / have / see / hear / watch / notice 后接省略 to 的动词原形;但变为被动语态时,必须把 to 还原!如:The boy was made to clean the room. / He was heard to sing.(help 在主动中 to 可省可不省,被动中通常保留 to)。

★ 考点 3 · 否定不定式必须写 not to do,切勿用 don't do:初中常考句型:ask sb not to do, tell sb not to do, warn sb not to do。切记 not 紧贴在 to 之前,绝不能写成 ask sb don't do。

★ 考点 4 · hope 与 suggest 绝对不可接 sb to do:希望某人做某事不能用 hope sb to do(无此结构),需用 wish sb to do 或 hope + that 从句;建议某人做某事不能用 suggest sb to do,需用 suggest doing sth 或 suggest that sb (should) do sth。

★ 考点 5 · stop / remember / forget 牢记时间先后法则:to do 表示动作尚未发生(准备去做);doing 表示动作已经发生或正在进行。例如:remember to close the door(记得去关门,门还没关)vs remember closing the door(记得关过门了,门已关)。

★ 考点 6 · enjoy / finish / mind / practise 后绝对不接 to do:这四个词是中考高频送分题,但也是极易手误的失分点,后面只能跟动名词 doing。如 enjoy listening, finish reading, mind opening, practise speaking。

★ 考点 7 · would like 的两种搭配结构:主语自己想做用 would like to do sth;希望别人去做用 would like sb to do sth。两者的不定式符号 to 均不可省略。

★ 考点 8 · 形式宾语 it 经典句型结构:find / think / make / feel + it + adj. + to do sth。其中 it 为形式宾语,形容词作宾补,真正的宾语是不定式短语 to do。例如:I find it hard to get up early.

八、四大核心速记口诀

【口诀一:只接 to do】想要希望计划决定,同意拒绝承诺学会。 (want, hope, plan, decide, agree, refuse, promise, learn)

【口诀二:接 sb to do】请求告诉邀请鼓励,建议允许命令警告,再教再提醒。 (ask, tell, invite, encourage, advise, allow, order, warn, teach, remind)

【口诀三:省 to 的 sb do】一感二听三让四看半帮助。 一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三让(make, let, have)四看(see, watch, notice, look at)半帮助(help 主动可带可不带 to,被动还原 to)。

【口诀四:只接 doing】享受完成介意练习,错过保持放弃推迟。 (enjoy, finish, mind, practise, miss, keep, give up, put off)

九、课堂通关自测(12 题 · 建议用时 8 分钟)

用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空:

1. He decided ____________ (join) the school club.

2. Mum often tells me ____________ (not stay) up late.

3. The teacher made us ____________ (read) the text aloud.

4. I heard someone ____________ (sing) in the next room just now.

5. She enjoys ____________ (draw) pictures in her free time.

6. Don't forget ____________ (close) the window when you leave.

7. I remember ____________ (see) him somewhere before.

8. Let's stop ____________ (have) a rest.

9. He is used to ____________ (get) up early.

10. I'm looking forward to ____________ (hear) from you.

11. Would you like ____________ (come) to my party?

12. The workers were made ____________ (work) ten hours a day.

十、参考答案速查与名师命题透视

题号

参考答案

题号

参考答案

题号

参考答案

1

to join

5

drawing

9

getting

2

not to stay

6

to close

10

hearing

3

read

7

seeing

11

to come

4

sing

8

to have

12

to work

【第 1 题点拨】正确答案:to join。decide 后面接不定式作宾语,搭配为 decide to do sth。

【第 2 题点拨】正确答案:not to stay。tell sb to do 的否定形式,not 紧贴在 to 之前,构成 tell sb not to do sth。

【第 3 题点拨】正确答案:read。使役动词 make 后接省略 to 的不定式作宾补,即 make sb do sth。

【第 4 题点拨】正确答案:sing。感官动词 hear 强调听见动作发生的「全过程」,接省略 to 的原形,即 hear sb do sth。

【第 5 题点拨】正确答案:drawing。enjoy 后面必须接动名词作宾语,即 enjoy doing sth。

【第 6 题点拨】正确答案:to close。动作尚未发生,表示「别忘了去关窗」,用 forget to do sth。

【第 7 题点拨】正确答案:seeing。动作已经发生,表示「记得曾经见过他」,用 remember doing sth。

【第 8 题点拨】正确答案:to have。表示「停下来当前的事去休息」,用 stop to do sth。

【第 9 题点拨】正确答案:getting。be used to doing sth 表示「习惯于做某事」,这里的 to 是介词,接动名词。

【第 10 题点拨】正确答案:hearing。look forward to doing sth 中的 to 是介词,后面接动名词 hearing。

【第 11 题点拨】正确答案:to come。would you like to do sth 是一般疑问句礼貌邀请句型,后接不定式。

【第 12 题点拨】正确答案:to work。make sb do 在变为被动语态时必须将省略的 to 还原,即 be made to do sth。

【命题陷阱提示】:第 2、3、4、9、10、12 题是中考失分集中点,分别对应「否定不定式位置」、「使役动词主动省 to」、「感官动词省 to」、「be used to 中的介词 to」、「look forward to 中的介词 to」以及「被动语态还原 to」。日常复习中务必反复强化训练!

👉点击此处蓝字下载资料

初中英语动词搭配四类清单.pdf

九年级英语期中_10篇全套押题满分作文精解.pdf

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