应用文Passage 1 · 市图书馆「冬日阅读马拉松」青少年挑战活动通告

City Library — Winter Reading Marathon for Teens (Notice) · 基于市图书馆公开活动信息编写 · 城市公共文化 / 青少年阅读 · 人与社会

📌 导读：（模拟应用文，基于公开信息编写）今年 12 月，市图书馆面向 12–18 岁读者推出「冬日阅读马拉松」：含挑战周期、报名方式、阅读任务、每周活动、奖品与规则等。信息密集、时间地点条件明确，是典型应用文体，适合训练细节定位。

🔤 生词表：marathon 马拉松（此处指持续阅读挑战）　challenge 挑战　voucher 代金券、礼券　certificate 证书　workshop 工作坊、讲习班　library 图书馆　log 日志、记录　required 必需的、要求的

📖 阅读短文（约 155 词）

CITY LIBRARY — Winter Reading Marathon for Teens This December, the City Library invites readers aged 12 to 18 to its 'Winter Reading Marathon', running from 1 December to 31 December. 1. How to join: Sign up at the front desk or on the library's website before 25 November. A library card is required. 2. The challenge: Read at least 12 books (or 2,000 pages) and keep a short reading log. Each log entry should note the title, one favourite sentence, and a few personal thoughts. 3. Events: A weekly storytelling hour every Saturday at 2 p.m., and a writing workshop on 20 December. Both are free for challengers. 4. Prizes: Finishers receive a certificate and a book voucher worth 50 yuan; the top three readers by pages get an extra gift. 5. Rules: Quiet reading only in halls; food and drinks are allowed only in the café; please return books on time. Hotline: 555-0123.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. During which period does the reading challenge take place?

A. From 1 November to 30 November at the City Library　B. From 1 December to 31 December this winter　C. Only on 25 November when the sign-up window closes　D. Each Saturday at 2 p.m. throughout the whole year

细节理解 2. What must a participant do to join the challenge?

A. Pay a 50-yuan fee at the door before they may join　B. Bring a finished reading log to the front desk first　C. Sign up before 25 November with a library card　D. Attend the writing workshop on 20 December as a rule

推理判断 3. What can we learn about the prizes from the notice?

A. The top three readers receive a prize, but other readers do not　B. Finishers get a certificate and a 50-yuan book voucher　C. Each single participant automatically wins an extra gift　D. The vouchers can be used inside the library café after closing time

记叙文Passage 2 · 17 岁少年 Connor Hill 夺得全美最负盛名科学竞赛最高奖

Teen Connor Hill wins top prize of America's most prestigious science competition · 基于 Society for Science 2026 年 Regeneron Science Talent Search 公开报道编写（冠军 Connor Hill、最高奖 25 万美元、逾 2600 名参赛者、始于 1942 年、第 85 届、校友含 13 位诺奖得主） · 美国 / 成长励志 · 人与自我

📌 导读：（人物/探索故事，基于公开信息编写）2026 年，美国历史最久、声望最高的高中生科学竞赛 Regeneron Science Talent Search 迎来第 85 届。在逾 2600 名参赛者中，纽约高中生 Connor Hill 凭原创研究夺得 25 万美元最高奖。他并非天才光环加身，而是把课余时间投在令自己着迷的问题上，靠毅力熬过想放弃的低谷。站在华盛顿领奖台上的他说：科学属于每一个愿意尝试的年轻人。故事关乎成长、热爱与坚持。

🔤 生词表：prestigious 享有声望的、备受尊敬的　competition 竞赛　original 原创的　founded 创立、创办　generations 一代代人、数代人　laureates 奖项得主（Nobel laureates 诺贝尔奖得主）　perseverance 毅力、坚持不懈　fascinated 使着迷、深深吸引

📖 阅读短文（约 165 词）

When the judges announced the winner of the 2026 Regeneron Science Talent Search, they called the name of Connor Hill, a high-school senior from New York. Among more than 2,600 students who entered the nation's oldest and most prestigious science competition, he earned the top prize of $250,000 for his original research. Founded in 1942, the competition is now in its 85th year and has guided young scientists for generations. Its past winners include 13 Nobel laureates. Yet for Connor, the award was never about the money. He spent his free time after school on a question that fascinated him, working through failures that once made him want to quit. On the night of the ceremony in Washington, D.C., his family watched him walk to the stage. 'I just want other teenagers to know that science belongs to anyone curious enough to try,' Connor said. His teacher noted that perseverance, not genius, carried him through. For Connor, the medal means one thing: keep asking questions.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What prize did Connor Hill win in the competition?

A. A place among the 300 scholars with no cash award　B. The top prize of $250,000 for his original research　C. A $250,000 prize awarded to the 13 Nobel laureates　D. The 85th-year medal given to each student who entered

推理判断 2. Why does the passage say the award 'was never about the money'?

A. Connor cared more about curiosity and effort than the cash　B. The $250,000 prize was later given to his teacher instead　C. He planned to use the money to buy a home lab for research　D. The 13 Nobel laureates alone truly deserved the great award

主旨大意 3. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to apply for the Regeneron Science Talent Search online　B. The full history of American science fairs since the year 1942　C. A teen's win and what it shows about curiosity and effort　D. A complete list of the 13 Nobel laureates and the schools they attended

词义猜测 4. The word "prestigious" is closest in meaning to ______.

A. ordinary and not well known to the public　B. highly respected and widely admired　C. very difficult and extremely tiring　D. newly started and not yet tested

说明文Passage 3 · 蜜蜂也会「霸凌」：家蜂如何挤占野蜂的食物

Honey bees are bullies: how they outcompete wild pollinators · ScienceDaily / Anglia Ruskin University，2026 年 10 月 22 日（蜜蜂干扰竞争研究，发表于 Ecological Entomology） · 生态 / 昆虫行为 · 人与自然

📌 导读：ScienceDaily 报道，安格利亚鲁斯金大学的研究者观察多种昆虫共用的花朵，发现家蜂（honey bees）常主动挑起争夺食物的冲突，把熊蜂、独居蜂和食蚜蝇赶走，从而独占最好的花。研究发表于《生态昆虫学》，警示家蜂正通过干扰竞争压过野生传粉者；常春藤蜂是少有的能「守住阵地」的例外。研究者还指出，英国升温或让家蜂变得更强，因此需在蜂箱密集的城市等地设法让二者共存。说明文客观解释现象与启示。

🔤 生词表：pollinators 传粉者、传粉昆虫　bullies 欺凌者、恃强凌弱者的复数　bumblebees 熊蜂（复数）　hoverflies 食蚜蝇（复数）　outcompete 在竞争中胜过、挤掉　entomology 昆虫学（Ecological Entomology《生态昆虫学》）　competitors 竞争者（复数）　hives 蜂箱、蜂巢（复数）

📖 阅读短文（约 146 词）

Honey bees are often praised as helpful pollinators, but new research suggests they can also be bullies. Scientists at Anglia Ruskin University watched flowers shared by many kinds of insects and found that honey bees started most of the fights over food. In these contests, bumblebees, solitary bees and hoverflies were chased away or pushed aside, losing their chance to feed. The study, published in Ecological Entomology, warns that honey bees outcompete wild pollinators and take the best flowers for themselves. One surprise was the ivy bee, which often won against honey bees and held its own. Still, researchers say rising temperatures in the UK will likely make honey bees even stronger competitors. Because honey bees and wild pollinators must share the same flowers, the team urges people to find ways to help them live together — especially in cities, where hives are packed close together.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What did the new research find about honey bees?

A. They are the weakest pollinators and often lose each fight　B. They start most fights and outcompete wild pollinators　C. They come out to eat at night when other insects sleep　D. They were first found by scientists in the 19th century

词义猜测 2. The word "outcompete" is closest in meaning to ______.

A. to compete with and defeat others for resources　B. to feed the young bees safely inside the hives　C. to build a nest high up in a tall tree　D. to fly far away and not return home

推理判断 3. What may happen as temperatures rise in the UK, according to the study?

A. Wild pollinators will likely face even stronger competition　B. Honey bees will disappear because of the rising heat　C. Many flowers will stop blooming during the summer months　D. Ivy bees will become the losers in most contests

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to keep honey bees inside a wooden box safely　B. Why honey bees are the very best pollinators in the world　C. Honey bees' bullying of wild pollinators and its risk　D. A complete guide to UK insect fights over food

说明文Passage 4 · 独处数小时，青少年的「威胁警觉」反而更强

A few hours alone heightens teenagers' 'threat alert' · 基于剑桥大学 / Royal Society Open Science 关于青少年独处与威胁警觉的研究编写 · 心理 / 脑与行为 · 人与自我

📌 导读：许多国家把孤独列为公共健康问题，但少有研究测试「独处几小时」对青少年大脑的影响。剑桥大学研究者让 40 名 16–19 岁青年独处约 4 小时（一次带手机、一次不带），发现独处后他们的「威胁反应」更强——对潜在危险的信号反应更剧烈，且这种警觉即便在线上与朋友聊天后也不消退，威胁反应比起初高出约 70%。科学家提醒，这种警觉或助长青少年中上升的焦虑，数字连接并不能完全修复独处的深层影响；对青少年而言，真实面对面接触可能比我们以为的更重要。说明文客观呈现研究与启示。

🔤 生词表：loneliness 孤独、寂寞　isolation 隔离、独处　adolescents 青少年（复数）　threat 威胁、危险信号　vigilance 警觉、警惕　anxiety 焦虑　digitally  digitally（以数字方式、线上地）　alertness 警觉、清醒

📖 阅读短文（约 137 词）

Many countries now call loneliness a public-health problem, yet few studies tested what a few hours alone does to a teenager's brain. Researchers at the University of Cambridge let 40 young people, aged 16 to 19, sit by themselves for about four hours — once with a smartphone, once without. They found that after isolation, the teens showed a stronger 'threat response': they reacted more strongly to signs of possible danger. This alertness did not fade even when they chatted with friends online. In fact, threat reactions were about 70% higher after isolation than at the start. The scientists say such vigilance may feed the anxiety rising among young people. They warn that being connected digitally does not fully repair the deep effects of being alone. For adolescents, real face-to-face contact may matter more than we thought.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What did the Cambridge study do with the young people?

A. It asked 40 adults to use a smartphone for a whole year　B. It left 40 teens alone four hours, with and without a phone　C. It tested 16-year-olds inside busy group classrooms　D. It measured the threat response of newborn babies at home

词义猜测 2. The word "vigilance" is closest in meaning to ______.

A. a state of careful watchfulness for possible danger　B. a feeling of deep happiness and calm peace　C. the act of falling fast asleep at once　D. a habit of eating far too much sugar on a daily basis

推理判断 3. What can be inferred about chatting with friends online?

A. It removed the teens' stronger threat response　B. It failed to erase the deep effects of being alone　C. It made the teens seem far more dangerous to the other people around them　D. It removed the need for any face-to-face contact

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How a few hours alone affects a teen's threat response　B. Why a smartphone should be banned at school　C. The long history of the University of Cambridge since the year 1209　D. How to make friends quickly on social media

说明文Passage 5 · 能「吃」塑料的「吃豆人」酶：污染治理的新希望

A plastic-eating 'Pac-Man' enzyme: new hope against pollution · ScienceDaily，2026 年 10 月 16 日（可分解塑料的「吃豆人」酶研究） · 环境科技 / 微生物 · 人与社会

📌 导读：塑料污染是全球大难题，一项新发现带来希望：科学家找到一种「吃豆人」酶，能帮细菌把某些塑料分解成小块。研究者把塑料薄膜埋进森林土壤，发现与细菌大小吻合的微小孔洞，推断细菌把酶「穿」在表面、就地分解材料。该酶被命名为 Pac-Man，能切断可生物降解聚酯的化学键，甚至还能切开常见抗生素青霉素。这种「身兼两职」让研究者惊讶，也引出「这类酶会不会也助长细菌抗药」的疑问。研究说明微生物适应人造材料的速度超出预期，合理设计下，吃塑料的细菌或有朝一日助我们清理污染。说明文客观呈现研究与启示。

🔤 生词表：enzyme 酶　bacteria 细菌（复数）　biodegradable 可生物降解的　polyester 聚酯　penicillin 青霉素　antibiotic 抗生素　microbes 微生物（复数）　pollution 污染

📖 阅读短文（约 140 词）

Plastic waste is one of the world's biggest problems, but a new discovery offers hope. Scientists found a 'Pac-Man' enzyme that helps bacteria eat certain plastics, breaking them into small building blocks. The team buried plastic films in forest soil and later saw tiny holes exactly the size of bacterial cells. They realized the bacteria wear the enzyme on their surface, letting them digest the material directly. The enzyme, named Pac-Man, splits chemical bonds in biodegradablepolyester and can even cut penicillin, a common antibiotic. This twin ability surprised the researchers, because breaking plastic and fighting antibiotics are usually separate jobs. It raises a question: could such enzymes also help bacteria resist medicines? Still, the find shows microbes can adapt to human-made materials faster than we expected. With smarter design, plastic-eating bacteria might one day help clean up our pollution.

📝 题目

细节理解 1. What does the Pac-Man enzyme help bacteria do?

A. It helps bacteria break plastics into small pieces　B. It makes plastic films grow much thicker in forest soil　C. It feeds on natural plant fibres, not on plastic　D. It was first found inside the human stomach

词义猜测 2. The word "biodegradable" is closest in meaning to ______.

A. brightly coloured and very easy to see　B. able to be broken down by natural processes　C. made from heavy and toxic metals　D. hard to melt at any normal temperature or heat

推理判断 3. Why were the researchers surprised by the enzyme?

A. Breaking plastic and cutting antibiotics are usually separate tasks　B. They had not seen bacteria inside forest soil before this　C. The enzyme was far too small to be photographed clearly　D. Penicillin was first made by these same plastic-eating bacteria

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Why plastic waste is so hard to reduce　B. How to build the strongest bacterial cell in a lab　C. The full history of the known antibiotics discovered since the year 1928　D. A plastic-eating enzyme and what it might mean for pollution

议论文Passage 6 · 校园该不该禁用手机？效率、专注与联结之争

Should schools ban smartphones? A debate over focus versus connection · 基于 The Guardian / Reuters / BBC 2024–2026 年关于校园手机与青少年社媒限制之争的报道编写（议论文） · 全球 / 教育科技治理 · 人与社会

📌 导读：全球越来越多学校在校期间禁用智能手机，理由是手机会分散注意力、伤害年轻心智。法国自 2018 年起校内禁手机；2024 年多个美国州与英国出台新指引限制，澳大利亚则着手禁止 16 岁以下使用社媒。支持者认为规则能让学生更专注、睡眠更好、面对面交流；也有教师感叹「无手机的一天让班级重归平静」。但批评者警告，一刀切的禁令会切断部分孤独青少年赖以维系的连接，也无助于培养健康的数字习惯，学校该教「平衡」而非仅仅「禁止」。文章呈现双方立场后主张：手机既是干扰也是生命线，真正要做的或是教会学生明智使用，而非简单没收。属于「人与社会」中的教育科技治理之辩，含观点态度题。

🔤 生词表：banning 禁止、禁用　smartphones 智能手机（复数）　focus 专注、注意力　guidance 指引、指导　supporters 支持者（复数）　critics 批评者（复数）　distraction 干扰、分心的事物　lifeline 生命线、赖以维系的事物

📖 阅读短文（约 148 词）

More schools around the world are banningsmartphones during the school day, arguing that phones break focus and harm young minds. In France, phones have been barred from schools since 2018; in 2024, several US states and the UK issued new guidance to limit them, and Australia moved to block social media for under-16s. Supporters say the rules help students concentrate, sleep better, and talk to each other face to face. 'A phone-free day gave my class back its calm,' one teacher said. Critics, however, warn that a total ban can cut off the very connection some lonely teens rely on, and it does little to teach healthy digital habits. They argue schools should teach balance, not just forbid. The debate shows no easy answer: phones are both a distraction and a lifeline. The real task may be helping students use them wisely, not simply taking them away.

📝 题目

推理判断 1. What can be inferred about the global trend from the passage?

A. A growing number of schools are restricting phones during the day　B. A number of countries have made phones required inside the class　C. France was among the first to limit phones in its schools　D. The UK limited internet use for teenagers inside the home

观点态度 2. What is the author's attitude toward phone bans in schools?

A. Fully against any limit on student phones at school　B. Strongly in favour of a complete and total ban on phones everywhere　C. Supportive of limits but favouring teaching balance over simple bans　D. Uninterested in whether phones are used in schools

细节理解 3. What do supporters say the rules help students do?

A. They let students play more games during class time　B. They help students concentrate and talk face to face　C. They push teens to delete much of social media　D. They were first proposed by the schools themselves

主旨大意 4. What is the passage mainly about?

A. How to build the cheapest smartphones for school use　B. Why students must leave school at the age of 16　C. The debate over banning phones in schools　D. The full list of French schools opened since 2018

📑 参考答案与解析

Passage 1 · 市图书馆「冬日阅读马拉松」青少年挑战活动通告

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「running from 1 December to 31 December」可知挑战赛在 12 月 1 日至 31 日举行，故选 B。A 把 12 月说成 11 月（偷换概念）；C 把赛期缩成「仅 11 月 25 日报名日」（缩小范围）；D 把特定时段扩成「全年每周六」（扩大范围）。

定位：running from 1 December to 31 December

2. 答案：C　细节理解题。由「Sign up ... before 25 November. A library card is required.」可知须于 11 月 25 日前凭借书证报名，故选 C。A 把「奖品 50 元书券」张冠李戴成「报名费」（张冠李戴）；B 把阅读中写的日志篡改成「报名时带去」（部分真实关键篡改）；D 把可选工作坊说成「必须参加」（条件偷换）。

定位：Sign up at the front desk or on the library's website before 25 November. A library card is required.

3. 答案：B　推理判断题。由「Finishers receive a certificate and a book voucher worth 50 yuan」可知完赛者获证书与 50 元书券，故选 B。A 把完赛奖品缩成「仅前三名」（缩小范围）；C 把「部分额外礼品」扩成「人人自动获得」（扩大范围）；D 把书券使用说成「仅限打烊后咖啡厅」（条件偷换）。

定位：Finishers receive a certificate and a book voucher worth 50 yuan

Passage 2 · 17 岁少年 Connor Hill 夺得全美最负盛名科学竞赛最高奖

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「he earned the top prize of $250,000 for his original research」可知 Connor 凭原创研究获 25 万美元最高奖，故选 B。A 把另一阶段的「300 名学者」篡改成本奖（部分真实关键篡改）；C 把属于 Connor 的奖金张冠李戴给「13 位诺奖得主」（张冠李戴）；D 把最高奖说成「发给每位参赛者」（扩大范围）。

定位：he earned the top prize of $250,000 for his original research.

2. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「the award was never about the money ... on a question that fascinated him」可推知 Connor 更看重好奇心与付出的努力而非奖金，故选 A。B 把奖金说成「转给老师」（张冠李戴）；C 把用途编成「买家庭实验室」（部分真实关键篡改）；D 把荣誉说成「只该属诺奖得主」（偷换概念）。

定位：Yet for Connor, the award was never about the money. He spent his free time after school on a question that fascinated him

3. 答案：C　主旨大意题。全文围绕 Connor 夺冠及其传递的「科学属于每个好奇者、靠毅力而非天赋」展开，故选 C。A 把人物故事说成「如何报名」（偷换概念）；B 把夺冠说成「美国科学展史」（偷换概念）；D 把诺奖得主说成文章主角（张冠李戴）。

定位：science belongs to anyone curious enough to try

4. 答案：B　词义猜测题。前文称该竞赛是「the nation's oldest and most prestigious」，与 oldest 并列且修饰顶级科学竞赛，可知 prestigious 意为「备受尊敬、广受推崇」，故选 B。A 平凡无名、C 艰难疲惫、D 新起未验，均为偷换概念。

定位：the nation's oldest and most prestigious science competition

Passage 3 · 蜜蜂也会「霸凌」：家蜂如何挤占野蜂的食物

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「honey bees started most of the fights over food」及「honey bees outcompete wild pollinators」可知蜜蜂常挑起争斗并挤占野蜂，故选 B。A 把「强势」反说成「最弱常败」（部分真实关键篡改）；C 把觅食说成「仅夜间出没」（偷换概念）；D 把研究说成「19 世纪发现」（偷换概念）。

定位：honey bees started most of the fights over food

2. 答案：A　词义猜测题。由「honey bees outcompete wild pollinators and take the best flowers for themselves」可知 outcompete 意为「在竞争中胜过、挤掉」对方以抢得资源，故选 A。B 喂幼蜂、C 筑巢、D 远飞不归，均为偷换概念。

定位：honey bees outcompete wild pollinators and take the best flowers for themselves.

3. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「rising temperatures in the UK will likely make honey bees even stronger competitors」可推知升温会让野蜂面临更强竞争，故选 A。B 把「更强」说成「蜜蜂消失」（偷换概念）；C 把影响扩成「许多花夏季停开」（扩大范围）；D 把常胜的常春藤蜂说成「多数场次都输」（部分真实关键篡改）。

定位：rising temperatures in the UK will likely make honey bees even stronger competitors.

4. 答案：C　主旨大意题。全文讲蜜蜂如何霸凌野蜂、挤占资源及其生态风险，故选 C。A 把研究说成「养蜂箱指南」（偷换概念）；B 把「霸凌」美化为「世界最好传粉者」（偷换概念）；D 把论文说成「英国昆虫争食大全」（偷换概念）。

定位：honey bees outcompete wild pollinators

Passage 4 · 独处数小时，青少年的「威胁警觉」反而更强

1. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「let 40 young people, aged 16 to 19, sit by themselves for about four hours — once with a smartphone, once without」可知研究让 40 名青少年独处约 4 小时、分别带不带手机，故选 B。A 把青少年篡改为「成年人」（张冠李戴）；C 把独处篡改成「仅在小组教室」（偷换概念）；D 把对象篡改为「新生儿」（偷换概念）。

定位：let 40 young people, aged 16 to 19, sit by themselves for about four hours — once with a smartphone, once without.

2. 答案：A　词义猜测题。前文写独处后青少年「threat response」增强、警觉不减，后文「Such vigilance may feed the anxiety」与之呼应，可知 vigilance 意为「对危险的警觉、警惕」，故选 A。B 幸福平静、C 酣睡、D 嗜糖，均为偷换概念。

定位：This alertness did not fade even when they chatted with friends online.

3. 答案：B　推理判断题。由「being connected digitally does not fully repair the deep effects of being alone」可推知线上聊天未能消除独处的深层影响，故选 B。A 把「未完全修复」反说成「完全消除」（因果倒置）；C 把「警觉」歪曲成「对他人更危险」（偷换概念）；D 把「未替代真实接触」说成「取代面对面需求」（扩大范围）。

定位：being connected digitally does not fully repair the deep effects of being alone.

4. 答案：A　主旨大意题。全文讲数小时独处如何增强青少年的威胁警觉反应，故选 A。B 把研究引申为「校禁手机」（偷换概念）；C 把剑桥大学说成文章主题（张冠李戴）；D 把结论反说成「速交朋友法」（偷换概念）。

定位：what a few hours alone does to a teenager's brain

Passage 5 · 能「吃」塑料的「吃豆人」酶：污染治理的新希望

1. 答案：A　细节理解题。由「helps bacteria eat certain plastics, breaking them into small building blocks」可知该酶助细菌把塑料分解成小块，故选 A。B 把「分解」篡改成「在土里变厚」（部分真实关键篡改）；C 把对象说成「只吃植物纤维」（偷换概念）；D 把发现地张冠李戴为「人体胃中」（张冠李戴）。

定位：helps bacteria eat certain plastics, breaking them into small building blocks.

2. 答案：B　词义猜测题。由「biodegradable polyester」及前文讲酶把塑料分解成小块可知 biodegradable 意为「可被自然分解的」，故选 B。A 颜色鲜艳、C 重金属制成、D 不可融化，均为偷换概念。

定位：splits chemical bonds in biodegradable polyester

3. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「breaking plastic and fighting antibiotics are usually separate jobs」可知科学家惊讶于该酶身兼两职，因为这两件事通常分开，故选 A。B 把「土壤实验」说成「从未见过细菌」（偷换概念）；C 把原因说成「太小拍不清」（偷换概念）；D 把青霉素来源张冠李戴给这些细菌（张冠李戴）。

定位：breaking plastic and fighting antibiotics are usually separate jobs.

4. 答案：D　主旨大意题。全文介绍能分解塑料的「吃豆人」酶及其对治理污染的启示，故选 D。A 把「可降解希望」反说成「绝难减少」（偷换概念）；B 把酶说成「造最强细菌」（偷换概念）；C 把内容说成「抗生素通史」（张冠李戴）。

定位：With smarter design, plastic-eating bacteria might one day help clean up our pollution.

Passage 6 · 校园该不该禁用手机？效率、专注与联结之争

1. 答案：A　推理判断题。由「More schools around the world are banning smartphones during the school day」可推知全球越来越多学校在校期间限制手机，故选 A。B 把「限制」反说成「强制必备」（偷换概念）；C 把多国实践弱化为「法国不过是最早之一」（缩小范围）；D 把校规张冠李戴为「英国家庭限网」（张冠李戴）。

定位：More schools around the world are banning smartphones during the school day

2. 答案：C　观点态度题。作者在呈现双方后写道「The real task may be helping students use them wisely, not simply taking them away」，整体持「支持设限、但更主张教平衡而非一刀切禁止」的理性态度，故选 C。A 全面反对、B 力主全面禁止、D 漠不关心，均是把某方极端立场或无关态度误当作者态度（A、B 偷换概念，D 答非所问）。

定位：The real task may be helping students use them wisely, not simply taking them away.

3. 答案：B　细节理解题。由「Supporters say the rules help students concentrate ... and talk to each other face to face」可知支持者认为禁令助学生专注并面对面交流，故选 B。A 把「专注」篡改为「课堂多打游戏」（部分真实关键篡改）；C 把限制扩成「逼迫删光社媒」（扩大范围）；D 把主张张冠李戴给「学校自身」（张冠李戴）。

定位：Supporters say the rules help students concentrate, sleep better, and talk to each other face to face.

4. 答案：C　主旨大意题。全文围绕「校园是否禁手机」的争论展开，呈现支持者与批评者立场并点出无简单答案，故选 C。A 把禁令说成「造最便宜手机」（偷换概念）；B 把「未满 16 禁社媒」极端化为「所有学生 16 岁离校」（扩大范围）；D 把法国校规说成文章主题（张冠李戴）。

定位：The debate shows no easy answer