To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Cal Newport, author of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World, recommends building a habit of "deep work" — the ability to focus without distraction.
参考译文：为了对抗"崇尚忙碌"这一陷阱，《深度工作：在分心的世界中获得专注成功的法则》一书的作者卡尔·纽波特建议养成"深度工作"的习惯——即不受干扰地专注的能力。
本段词汇：
combat v. 对抗
trap n. 陷阱
put a premium on 崇尚，高度重视
deep work 深度工作
focused success 专注的成功
distracted adj. 分心的
recommend v. 建议
build a habit 养成习惯
distraction n. 干扰
There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work — be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task; developing a daily ritual; or taking a "journalistic" approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.
参考译文：掌握深度工作的艺术有多种途径——可以是专门投入某项任务的长期闭关；可以是养成一种日常仪式；也可以采取"记者式"的方法，在白天能抓住的时候就抓住深度工作的时刻。无论哪种途径，关键在于确定你的专注时长并坚持下去。
本段词汇：
approach n. 方法，途径
master v. 掌握
lengthy retreat 长期闭关
dedicate to 专门投入
specific task 特定任务
daily ritual 日常仪式
journalistic adj. 记者的
seize v. 抓住
throughout the day 全天
determine v. 确定
length of focus time 专注时长
stick to 坚持
Newport also recommends "deep scheduling" to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time. "At any given point, I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting", he writes.
参考译文：纽波特还推荐"深度日程安排"，以对抗不断的干扰，用更少的时间完成更多的事。"在任何一个时间点，我都应该已经把大约接下来一个月的深度工作安排好了。一旦排上日程，我就会像对待医生预约或重要会议那样保护这段时间，"他写道。
本段词汇：
deep scheduling 深度日程安排
constant interruptions 不断的干扰
get more done 完成更多
at any given point 在任何一个时间点
roughly adv. 大约
calendar n. 日程表
protect v. 保护
doctor's appointment 医生预约
Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day— in particular how we craft our to-do lists. Tim Harford, author of Messy: The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s thatdivided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; otherswere told to plan activities and goals in much more detail, day by day.
参考译文：用更少时间完成更多工作的另一途径，是重新思考你如何安排一天的优先次序——尤其是我们如何制定待办清单。《混乱：改变我们生活的无序之力》一书的作者蒂姆·哈福德引用了 20 世纪 80 年代初的一项研究，该研究把大学生分成两组：一组被建议设定月度目标和学习活动；另一组则被告知要更详尽地、逐日规划活动和目标。
本段词汇：
prioritise v. 排定优先次序
in particular 尤其是
craft v. 精心制定
to-do list 待办清单
disorder n. 混乱，无序
transform v. 改变
point to 引用，指向
undergraduate n. 大学生
set out 制定
monthly goals 月度目标
in detail 详细地
day by day 逐日
While the researchers assumedthat the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Harford arguesthat inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective, while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.
参考译文：虽然研究者假定，在执行任务时结构严谨的每日计划会最有效，但他们错了：详尽的每日计划反而削弱了学生的动力。哈福德认为，不可避免的干扰往往使每日待办清单失效，而在这样的清单中留出即兴发挥的空间，却能收获最佳效果。
本段词汇：
assume v. 假定
well-structured adj. 结构严谨的
execution n. 执行
demotivate v. 削弱动力
inevitable adj. 不可避免的
render v. 使……变得
ineffective adj. 无效的
leave room for 留出空间
improvisation n. 即兴发挥
reap v. 收获
In order to make the most of our focus and energy, we also need to embrace downtime, oras Newport suggests, "be lazy."
参考译文：为了充分利用我们的专注力与精力，我们还需要拥抱休息时间，或者如纽波特所建议的——"偷个懒"。
本段词汇：
make the most of 充分利用
focus n. 专注力
energy n. 精力
embrace v. 拥抱，接纳
downtime n. 休息时间
suggest v. 建议
be lazy 偷懒
"Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body… [idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done," he argues.
参考译文："闲散不仅仅是一次假期、一种放纵或一种恶习；它对大脑而言不可或缺，就像维生素 D 对身体一样……[闲散]看似矛盾，却是完成任何工作所必需的，"他论述道。
本段词汇：
idleness n. 闲散
vacation n. 假期
indulgence n. 放纵
vice n. 恶习
indispensable adj. 不可或缺的
paradoxically adv. 看似矛盾地
necessary adj. 必需的
Srini Pillay, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.
参考译文：哈佛医学院精神病学助理教授斯里尼·皮莱认为，休息时间与生产力之间这种反直觉的联系，可能源于我们大脑运作的方式。当大脑在专注于某项任务和不专注之间切换时，它们往往效率更高。
本段词汇：
assistant professor 助理教授
psychiatry n. 精神病学
counterintuitive adj. 反直觉的
link n. 联系
productivity n. 生产力
due to 源于，由于
operate v. 运作
switch v. 切换
focused adj. 专注的
unfocused adj. 不专注的
efficient adj. 高效的
"What people don't realiseisthat in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain," says Pillay.
参考译文："人们没有意识到的是，为了完成这些任务，他们需要同时使用大脑中的专注回路和非专注回路，"皮莱说。
本段词汇：
realise v. 意识到
complete v. 完成
circuit n. 回路
brain n. 大脑
| A. keep to your focus time ✓ | B. list your immediate tasks |
| C. make specific daily plans | D. seize every minute to work |
STEP 1 找定位词：key, mastering the art of deep work
STEP 2 找定位句：第 2 段第 2 句 "Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it."
STEP 3 精读定位句：无论哪种途径，关键（the key）是确定你的专注时长（length of focus time）并坚持下去（stick to it）。stick to your focus time = 坚守你的专注时间。
STEP 4 匹配选项：A. keep to your focus time（坚守你的专注时间）= determine your length of focus time and stick to it → A。
B 列出即时任务未提及；
C 制定具体每日计划是后文 Harford 所讨论的、被证否定的做法；
D 抓住每分钟工作曲解题意（journalistic approach 是抓住 moments，非 every minute，且非 the key）。
| A. distractions may actually increase efficiency | B. daily schedules are indispensable to studying |
| C. students are hardly motivated by monthly goals | D. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected ✓ |
STEP 1 找定位词：study in the early 1980s, Harford
STEP 2 找定位句：第 5 段第 1 句 "While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective... they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students."
STEP 3 精读定位句：研究者原以为结构严谨的每日计划最有效，结果错了——详尽的每日计划反而 demotivated students（削弱了学生的动力）。即详尽计划未必如预期那样有效。
STEP 4 匹配选项：D. detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected（详尽计划可能不如预期那样有效）= detailed daily plans demotivated students → D。
A 干扰可能提升效率是哈福德观点（留出即兴空间），非该研究结论；
B 每日计划对学习不可或缺与结论相反；
C 学生几乎不被月度目标激励无中生有（研究比较的是详尽日计划 vs 月计划，结论是日计划反而挫败动力）。
| A. a desirable mental state for busy people | B. a major contributor to physical health |
| C. an effective way to save time and energy | D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work ✓ |
STEP 1 找定位词：Newport, idleness
STEP 2 找定位句：第 7 段 "it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body… [idleness] is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done"
STEP 3 精读定位句：闲散对大脑不可或缺（indispensable），且 "necessary to getting any work done"（完成任何工作所必需）。
STEP 4 匹配选项：D. an essential factor in accomplishing any work（完成任何工作的一个关键因素）= necessary to getting any work done → D。
A 忙碌者理想的心理状态过度推断（文中说对大脑不可或缺，非专指忙碌者）；
B 身体健康的主要贡献者偷换对象（维生素 D 对身体，闲散对大脑）；
C 节省时间和精力的有效方法未提及（闲散是完成工作所必需，非省时）。
| A. can result in psychological well-being | B. can bring about greater efficiency ✓ |
| C. is aimed at a better balance in work | D. is driven by task urgency |
STEP 1 找定位词：Pillay, brains' shift between being focused and unfocused
STEP 2 找定位句：第 8 段第 2 句 "When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient."
STEP 3 精读定位句：当大脑在专注与不专注之间切换（switch）时，它们 tend to be more efficient（往往效率更高）。shift = switch；greater efficiency = more efficient。
STEP 4 匹配选项：B. can bring about greater efficiency（能带来更高的效率）= tend to be more efficient → B。
A 心理健康未提及；
C 旨在工作更好平衡未提及；
D 由任务紧迫性驱动无中生有。
| A. ways to relieve the tension of busy life | B. approaches to getting more done in less time ✓ |
| C. the key to eliminating distractions | D. the cause of the lack of focus time |
STEP 1 找定位词：mainly about（主旨题，抓全文脉络）
STEP 2 找定位句：全文结构——深度工作习惯（第 2 段）+ 深度日程安排（第 3 段）+ 重新思考优先次序/待办清单（第 4-5 段）+ 拥抱休息时间（第 6-9 段），反复出现 "approaches to getting more done in less time"。
STEP 3 精读定位句：文章围绕多个"用更少时间完成更多工作"的方法展开：深度工作、深度日程、重排优先级、拥抱闲散，每段都是一个 approach。
STEP 4 匹配选项：B. approaches to getting more done in less time（用更少时间完成更多工作的方法）= 全文主线 → B。
A 缓解忙碌生活的紧张只是引子（combat the trap of being busy），非全文主旨；
C 消除干扰的关键过窄（深度日程对抗干扰只是其中一个方法）；
D 缺乏专注时间的原因文中未讨论。
