初中英语语法重点汇总(适合中考,精简版)

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初中英语语法重点汇总(适合中考,精简版)

说明:按中考高频考点排序,附核心规则 + 简单例句,方便背诵、复习。

一、词法

1. 名词

  1. 可数名词变复数
  • 一般 + s:book→books
  • s/x/ch/sh+es:box→boxes;watch→watches
  • 辅音 + y→ies:city→cities;元音 + y+s:boy→boys
  • f/fe→ves:knife→knives;leaf→leaves
  • 不规则:man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth
  1. 不可数名词:water, milk, bread, news, advice, information(无复数,用量词:a piece of news)
  2. 名词所有格
  • 有生命:Tom’s bag;children’s room;复数 s 结尾:students’ classroom
  • 无生命:the door of the room

2. 代词(必考)

  • 人称代词:主格 I you he she it we they(作主语);宾格 me you him her it us them(作宾语)
  • 物主代词:形容词性 my/your…+ 名词;名词性 mine/yours… 后面不加名词
  • 反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
  • 不定代词:some/any(some 肯定句,any 否定 / 疑问;表请求建议问句用 some);something/anything/nothing(形容词后置:something important);both/either/neither/all/none
  • it:指代天气、时间、距离;形式主语 It’s +adj. to do

3. 冠词 a /an/the / 零冠词

  • a:辅音音素开头;an:元音音素开头(an hour, an honest boy)
  • the:特指;独一无二 the sun;序数词、最高级前;乐器前
  • 零冠词:球类、三餐、节日、by + 交通工具(by bus)

4. 形容词 & 副词

  1. 形容词修饰名词;副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词
  2. 比较级、最高级变化
  • 一般 + er /est:tall-taller-tallest
  • e 结尾 + r/st:nice-nicer-nicest
  • 重读闭音节双写:big-bigger-biggest;thin-thinner-thinnest
  • 辅音 + y→ier/iest:heavy-heavier-heaviest
  • 多音节:more/most beautiful
  • 不规则:good/well-better-best;bad/badly-worse-worst;many/much-more-most;little-less-least;far-farther/further
  1. 句型A + be + 比较级 + than B;the + 比较级,the + 比较级 越… 越…;one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数

5. 介词(中考单选高频)

  • 时间:in + 年 / 月 / 季节;on + 具体日期、星期、有修饰词的早中晚;at + 时刻
  • 地点:in 大地方;at 小地点;on 在表面
  • 固定搭配:be good at, be interested in, be afraid of, thanks for, wait for

6. 动词(重中之重)

be (am/is/are);感官:look, sound, smell, taste, feel;变化:get, become, turn;保持:keep, stay

系动词后面接形容词,不加副词:look happy ✔ look happily ❌

情态动词:can, may, must, should, need, have to

  • must 必须;否定:mustn’t 禁止;needn’t = don’t have to 不必
  • can 表能力、许可;may 许可、推测

✅ to do(不定式):want to do, decide to do, hope to do, plan to do, ask sb to do, tell sb to do;It’s +adj. to do

✅ doing(动名词):enjoy doing, practice doing, finish doing, mind doing, keep doing, be busy doing, look forward to doing, be used to doing

✅ 省 to 不定式(动词原形):let sb do, make sb do, have sb do;情态动词 + 动词原形;why not do

⚠️ 易混:stop to do(停下来去做)/stop doing(停止做);forget to do(忘记要做)/forget doing(忘记做过);remember to do /remember doing

7. 数词

  • 基数词:one, two;序数词:first, second(缩写 1st,2nd)
  • hundred/thousand:前面有数字不加 s;hundreds of 成百上千(加 s+of)
  • 分数:分子基数,分母序数;分子 > 1,分母 + s:two thirds 三分之二

二、句法:八大时态(核心!)

结构 + 标志词

  1. 一般现在时:经常性、习惯、客观真理结构:主语 + do/does;否定 don’t/doesn’t do标志:often, usually, always, every day
  2. 一般过去时:过去发生,已结束结构:did(动词过去式);didn’t do标志:yesterday, last…, …ago, just now
  3. 一般将来时:将来will do /be going to do标志:tomorrow, next…, in + 一段时间
  4. 现在进行时:此刻正在做am/is/are + doing标志:now, look!, listen!, at the moment
  5. 过去进行时:过去某个时刻正在was/were + doing标志:at 8:00 yesterday, at that time
  6. 现在完成时(难点):过去动作对现在有影响;持续到现在have/has + done标志:already, yet, ever, never, since + 时间点,for + 时间段⚠️ 短暂性动词不能和 for/since 连用:buy→have;borrow→keep;leave→be away;die→be dead
  7. 过去将来时:站在过去看将来would do /was/were going to do(宾语从句多见)
  8. 过去完成时:过去的过去(中考考得少)had done

三、被动语态

结构:be + done(be 随时态变化)

  • 一般现在:am/is/are done
  • 一般过去:was/were done
  • 一般将来:will be done
  • 现在完成:have/has been done✅ 只有及物动词才有被动;不及物动词无被动(happen, take place, appear)

四、句子种类

1. 陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

感叹句两种:What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!How + 形容词 / 副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)!What a nice day! / How nice the day is!

2. 简单句五大基本句型

  1. S+V 主谓(不及物):He runs.
  2. S+V+P 主系表:She is happy.
  3. S+V+O 主谓宾:I like apples.
  4. S+V+IO+DO 主谓双宾:give sb sth = give sth to sb
  5. S+V+O+OC 主谓宾补:keep the room clean, ask sb to do

五、三大从句(中考难点)

1. 宾语从句(必考)

三要素:引导词、语序、时态

  1. 引导词:that(陈述句,可省);if/whether(一般疑问,是否);特殊疑问词 what/when/where 等
  2. 语序:陈述语序(主语在前)
  3. 时态:主现从任意;主过从必过;真理永一现(客观真理永远一般现在时)例:He said (that) the earth goes around the sun.

2. 状语从句

  • 时间:when, while, before, after, until, as soon as(主将从现)
  • 条件:if 如果(主将从现)
  • 原因:because(不和 so 连用)
  • 让步:although/though 虽然(不和 but 连用)
  • 比较:than

主将从现:主句将来时,从句一般现在时表将来

3. 定语从句(中考基础款)

先行词是人:who /that先行词是物:which /that例:The girl who is standing there is my sister.

六、主谓一致

  1. 单数主语、不可数名词 → 谓语单数
  2. together with, as well as 就远原则:主语看前面
  3. not only…but also… /either…or… /neither…nor… 就近原则
  4. 集合名词:family, class 表整体单数;表成员复数

七、情景交际 & 固定搭配(单选、补全对话)

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