听考研真题|2024年英二阅读4:海量健康 APP 涌入市场,用户隐私谁来守护?

If you look at the apps on your phone, chances are you have at least one related to your health -- and probably several. 

【翻译】如果你看看手机上的应用，你很可能会至少拥有一款与健康相关的应用——甚至可能有好几款。

Whether it is a mental health app, a fitness tracker, a connected health device  or something else, many of us are taking advantage of this technology to keep better track of our health in some shape or form. 

【翻译】无论是心理健康应用、健身追踪器、联网健康设备，还是其他产品，我们中的许多人都在利用这些技术，以某种方式更好地监测自己的健康状况。

Recent research from the Organization for the Review of Care and Health Applications found that 350,000 health apps were available on the market, 90,000 of which launched in 2020 alone.

While these apps have a great deal to offer, it is not always clear how the personal information we input is collected, safeguarded and shared online. 

Existing health privacy law, such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, is primarily focused on the way hospitals, doctors’offices, clinics and insurance companies store health records online. 

【翻译】现行健康隐私相关法律（如《健康保险可移植性与责任法案》）主要聚焦于医院、医生诊所、医疗机构及保险公司在线存储健康记录的方式。

The health information these apps and health data tracking wearables are collecting typically does not receive the same legal protections.

【生词】wearable 可穿戴设备

Without additional protections in place, companies may share (and potentially monetize) personal health information in a way consumers may not have authorized or anticipated. 

【生词】anticipate v.预期, 预计, 期盼, 先于…做

In 2021, Flo Health faced a Federal Trade Commission（FTC） investigation. The FTC alleged in a complaint that “despite express privacy claims, the company took control of users' sensitivity fertility data and shared it with third parties.”

【生词】allege v.断言，指称，宣称

fertility n.富饶, 能生育性, 可繁殖性

【翻译】2021年，Flo Health 面临美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）的调查。FTC 在投诉书中指控，“尽管该公司明确声明遵守隐私保护规定，但其仍掌控了用户的生育敏感数据，并将其与第三方共享”。

Flo Health and the FTC settled the matter with a Consent Order requiring the company to get app users' express affirmative consent before sharing their health information as well as to instruct the third parties to delete the data they had obtained.

【生词】affirmative adj.肯定的, 同意的; n.肯定, 同意

【翻译】Flo Health 与美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）达成和解，签署一项同意令，要求该公司在共享用户健康信息前，必须获得应用用户的明确同意，并责令第三方删除其所获取的相关数据。

Section 5 of the FTC Act empowers the FTC to initiate enforcement action against unfair or deceptive acts, meaning the FTC can only act after the fact if a company's privacy practices are misleading or cause unjustified consumer harm.

【生词】empower vt.授权, 准许, 使能够, 使控制局势

initiate vt.开始，发起, 传授, 创始

While the FTC is doing what it can to ensure apps are keeping their promises to consumers around the handling of their sensitive health information, the rate at which these health apps are hitting the market demonstrates just how immense of a challenge this is.

【生词】immense adj.极大的, 巨大的

【翻译】尽管美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）正竭尽全力确保各类健康类应用程序切实履行其对消费者关于敏感健康信息处理的承诺，但这些健康类应用程序涌入市场的速度，恰恰凸显出这一挑战的艰巨性。

As to the prospects for federal legislation, commentators suggest that comprehensive federal privacy legislation seems unlikely in the short term. 

【生词】commentator n.评论员

States have begun implementing their own solutions to shore up protections for consumer-generated health data. 

【生词】implement vt.实施，执行, 使生效

shore n.岸，滨, 沿海国家; v.支撑, 稳住

【翻译】各州已开始推行自身解决方案，以加强对消费者生成健康数据的保护。

California has been at the forefront of state privacy efforts with the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018. 

【生词】forefront n.最前部, 活动中心, 前列, 第一线

Virginia, Colorado and Utah have also recently passed state consumer data privacy legislation.

【翻译】弗吉尼亚州、科罗拉多州和犹他州也近期相继通过了州级消费者数据隐私立法。