高考英语3500词 · 按考频排序
第 19 辑 | 词频 271–285 | 释义锚定《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版2020年修订)》
15 词含派生词族含熟词生义
课标重点标注课标要求掌握的核心词(带 * 为必修、带 ** 为选择性必修); 熟词生义标注高考高频陷阱义项; 词性转换标注语法填空高频派生词; 写作标注读后续写/应用文高频场景词。
一、五大题型词汇考查分布
二、词汇正文(第 271–285 词)
271. considerationkənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃənn.考虑;原因;关心;报酬固定搭配写作亮点
— 英文释义: The process of giving careful thought to something
— 例句: After careful consideration, she accepted the offer.(经过仔细考虑,她接受了提议。)
固定搭配
— take into consideration — 考虑到
— under consideration — 在考虑中
— give consideration to — 考虑
— a matter of consideration — 值得考虑的事
派生:considerate(adj.体贴的);considerable(adj.可观的,相当的);consider(v.考虑,本词的词根动词)
近义词: circumstance, condition, considerateness, thoughtfulness 形近词: conservation(n.保护);conversation(n.对话)
272. courageˈkʌrɪdʒn.勇气;胆量高考高频写作亮点
— 英文释义: A quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear
— 例句: It takes courage to admit one's mistake.(承认自己的错误需要勇气。)
固定搭配
— have the courage to — 有勇气做
— lose courage — 丧失勇气
— take courage — 鼓起勇气
— a man of courage — 有胆识的人
派生:courageous(adj.勇敢的);encourage(v.鼓励)
近义词: courageousness, bravery, braveness 形近词: bravery, nerve, boldness
273. cultureˈkʌltʃə(r)n.文化,文明;修养;栽培vt.培养(等于cultivate)高考高频
— 英文释义: A particular society at a particular time and place
— 例句: Chinese culture is different from Western culture.(中国文化与西方文化不同。)
固定搭配
— popular culture — 大众文化
— culture shock — 文化冲击
— traditional culture — 传统文化
— campus culture — 校园文化
派生:cultural(adj.文化的);cultured(adj.有教养的)
近义词: civilization, civilisation, acculturation, polish, refinement 形近词: civilization, tradition, custom
274. damageˈdæmɪdʒvi.损害;损毁vt.损害,毁坏n.损害;损毁;赔偿金课标·选择性必修**高考高频
— 英文释义: Physical harm that impairs the value, usefulness, or normal functioning of something; (v.) to cause such harm
— 例句: The storm damaged the roof of the house.(暴风雨损毁了房子的屋顶。)
固定搭配
— cause damage — 造成损害
— brain damage — 脑损伤
— damage to — 对…的损害
— property damage — 财产损失
派生:damaging(adj.有害的);damaged(adj.受损的)
近义词: harm, impairment, hurt 形近词: harm, hurt, ruin
275. dangerˈdeɪndʒə(r)n.危险;危险物,威胁固定搭配高考高频
— 英文释义: The condition of being susceptible to harm or injury
— 例句: Smoking is a danger to your health.(吸烟对你的健康是一种危险。)
固定搭配
— in danger — 处于危险中
— out of danger — 脱离危险
— danger zone — 危险区
— face danger — 面临危险
派生:dangerous(adj.危险的);endanger(v.危及)
近义词: risk, peril 形近词: risk, hazard, threat
276. decisiondɪˈsɪʒənn.决定,决心;决议高考高频固定搭配
— 英文释义: The act of making up your mind about something
— 例句: He made a quick decision to study abroad.(他迅速做出了出国留学的决定。)
固定搭配
— make a decision — 做决定
— a final decision — 最终决定
— decision making — 决策
— come to a decision — 得出结论
派生:decide(v.决定);decisive(adj.果断的)
近义词: determination, conclusion, decisiveness 形近词: precision(n.精确);division(n.分割)
277. descriptiondɪˈskrɪpʃənn.描述,描写;类型;说明书课标·必修*
— 英文释义: A statement that represents something in words
— 例句: Please give a short description of your school.(请简短描述一下你的学校。)
固定搭配
— give a description — 做描述
— a brief description — 简要描述
— beyond description — 难以形容
— job description — 职位描述
派生:describe(v.描述);descriptive(adj.描述性的)
近义词: account, portrayal, depiction 形近词: prescription(n.处方);subscription(n.订阅)
278. developmentdɪˈveləpməntn.发展;开发;发育;住宅小区(专指由同一开发商开发的); 显影高考高频
— 英文释义: Act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining
— 例句: We are happy to see the development of the town.(我们很高兴看到小镇的发展。)
固定搭配
— economic development — 经济发展
— with the development of — 随着…的发展
— personal development — 个人发展
— further development — 进一步发展
派生:develop(v.发展);developed(adj.发达的);developing(adj.发展中的)
近义词: evolution, growth, growing, maturation, ontogeny 形近词: entertainment(n.娱乐);government(n.政府)
279. differenceˈdɪfrənsn.差异;不同;争执固定搭配高考高频
— 英文释义: The quality of being unlike or dissimilar
— 例句: There is a big difference between the two words.(这两个词之间有很大差别。)
固定搭配
— make a difference — 起作用;有影响
— tell the difference — 辨别差别
— a big difference — 巨大差别
— in difference — 有分歧
派生:different(adj.不同的);differently(adv.不同地)
近义词: deviation, divergence, departure, dispute 形近词: reference(n.参考);preference(n.偏好)
280. difficultyˈdɪfɪkəltin.困难,困境固定搭配
— 英文释义: An effort that is inconvenient
— 例句: He finished the work without difficulty.(他毫不费力地完成了工作。)
固定搭配
— with difficulty — 困难地
— have difficulty in — 在…方面有困难
— overcome difficulty — 克服困难
— financial difficulty — 经济困难
派生:difficult(adj.困难的)
近义词: trouble, difficultness 形近词: trouble, hardship, problem
281. directiondɪˈrekʃənn.方向;指导;趋势;用法说明固定搭配
— 英文释义: A line leading to a place or point
— 例句: Follow the direction on the map to the museum.(顺着地图上的方向去博物馆。)
固定搭配
— in the direction of — 朝…方向
— give directions — 指路
— under one's direction — 在某人指导下
— sense of direction — 方向感
派生:direct(v.指导);director(n.导演;主管)
近义词: way, guidance, counsel, counseling, counselling 形近词: instruction(n.指示);correction(n.纠正)
282. diseasedɪˈziːzn.病, 疾病;弊病vt.传染;使…有病课标·必修*高考高频
— 英文释义: An impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
— 例句: Heart disease is a serious illness.(心脏病是一种严重的疾病。)
固定搭配
— catch a disease — 染病
— prevent disease — 预防疾病
— a rare disease — 罕见病
— spread disease — 传播疾病
派生:diseased(adj.染病的)
形近词: decease(n.死亡);decrease(v./n.减少)
283. effortˈefətn.努力;成就课标·必修*固定搭配高考高频
— 英文释义: Earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something
— 例句: With great effort, he passed the exam.(付出巨大努力,他通过了考试。)
固定搭配
— make an effort — 作出努力
— spare no effort — 不遗余力
— in an effort to — 努力做
— team effort — 团队努力
派生:effortless(adj.不费力的);effortful(adj.费力的)
近义词: attempt, endeavor, endeavour, try, elbow grease 形近词: effect(n.效果);affect(v.影响)
284. energyˈenədʒin.能量;精力;活力;精神课标·必修*高考高频
— 英文释义: The strength and vitality required for sustained physical or mental activity; (in physics) the capacity of a system to do work
— 例句: Young people are full of energy.(年轻人充满活力。)
固定搭配
— save energy — 节能
— solar energy — 太阳能
— a burst of energy — 一阵精力
— full of energy — 精力充沛
派生:energetic(adj.精力充沛的);energize(v.使充满活力)
近义词: free energy, vigor, vigour, zip, push 形近词: vigor, power, strength
285. environmentɪnˈvaɪrənməntn.环境,外界高考高频
— 英文释义: The totality of surrounding conditions
— 例句: We must protect the natural environment.(我们必须保护自然环境。)
固定搭配
— living environment — 生活环境
— working environment — 工作环境
— protect the environment — 保护环境
— a clean environment — 清洁的环境
派生:environmental(adj.环境的);environmentally(adv.环境上)
近义词: environs, surroundings, surround 形近词: encouragement(n.鼓励);enrollment(n.注册)
三、本辑考点总结
(一)完形填空高频动词选项
- culture(培养(等于cultivate)) / damage(损害;损毁) / disease(传染;使…有病)
(二)本辑「一词多义 / 熟词生义」聚焦
| development | |
| consideration | |
| damage | |
| direction | |
| disease | |
| energy | |
| culture | |
| description |
(三)本辑完形名词 / 形容词辨析重点(共 15 个)
| consideration | ||
| courage | ||
| culture | ||
| damage | ||
| danger | ||
| decision | ||
| description | ||
| development | ||
| difference | ||
| difficulty | ||
| direction | ||
| disease | ||
| effort | ||
| energy | ||
| environment |
(四)本辑派生词族(语法填空)
| consideration | |
| courage | |
| culture | |
| damage | |
| danger | |
| decision | |
| description | |
| development | |
| difference | |
| difficulty | |
| direction | |
| disease | |
| effort | |
| energy | |
| environment |
(五)本辑固定搭配精选(15 词)
- consideration → under consideration — 在考虑中
- consideration → give consideration to — 考虑
- courage → have the courage to — 有勇气做
- courage → lose courage — 丧失勇气
- courage → take courage — 鼓起勇气
- culture → popular culture — 大众文化
- culture → culture shock — 文化冲击
- culture → traditional culture — 传统文化
- damage → cause damage — 造成损害
- damage → brain damage — 脑损伤
- damage → damage to — 对…的损害
- danger → in danger — 处于危险中
- danger → out of danger — 脱离危险
- danger → danger zone — 危险区
- decision → make a decision — 做决定
- decision → a final decision — 最终决定
- decision → decision making — 决策
- description → give a description — 做描述
- description → a brief description — 简要描述
- description → beyond description — 难以形容
- development → economic development — 经济发展
- development → with the development of — 随着…的发展
- development → personal development — 个人发展
- difference → make a difference — 起作用;有影响
- difference → tell the difference — 辨别差别
- difference → a big difference — 巨大差别
- difficulty → with difficulty — 困难地
- difficulty → have difficulty in — 在…方面有困难
- difficulty → overcome difficulty — 克服困难
- direction → in the direction of — 朝…方向
- direction → give directions — 指路
- direction → under one's direction — 在某人指导下
- disease → catch a disease — 染病
- disease → prevent disease — 预防疾病
- disease → a rare disease — 罕见病
- effort → make an effort — 作出努力
- effort → spare no effort — 不遗余力
- effort → in an effort to — 努力做
- energy → save energy — 节能
- energy → solar energy — 太阳能
- energy → a burst of energy — 一阵精力
- environment → living environment — 生活环境
- environment → working environment — 工作环境
- environment → protect the environment — 保护环境
(六)本辑写作 / 读后续写场景词
- consideration / courage
— 第19辑(271–285)完 —
下一辑预告:第286–300词