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比较级(中考高频失分点)

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比较级(中考高频失分点)

一、先别急着学规则：测一测孩子会不会

请先完成下面5题。
1．My hair is longer than ______.
A. he
B. him
C. his
D. himself
2．The weather is getting ______.
A. cold and cold
B. colder and colder
C. more colder
D. more and more cold
3．Tom studies ______ than his brother.
A. hard
B. harder
C. more hard
D. hardest
4．This box is ______ than that one.
A. more heavy
B. heavier
C. heaviest
D. more heavier
5．Lucy is not as ______ as her sister.
A. taller
B. tallest
C. tall
D. more tall
如果这5题错了两题或两题以上，说明比较级不是“不会”，而是知识点还没有真正串起来。
接下来，请重点看后面的8个失分坑。

二、比较级到底在比较什么？

比较级的本质是：
A 比 B 更……
但“更……”后面，到底该接形容词还是副词？这是第一关。

1．比较“特征、状态”时，用形容词比较级

•Tom is taller than Jack.
汤姆比杰克高。
这里比较的是“高不高”，所以用形容词。
常见连系动词
除了 be 动词，下面这些词后面通常也接形容词：
look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get, turn
例如：
•The music sounds more beautiful.

2．比较“做事的方式”时，用副词比较级

•Tom runs faster than Jack.
汤姆跑得比杰克快。
这里比较的是“跑得怎么样”，所以用副词。
一句口诀：形容词还是副词？
be 后面，常用形容词；
动词后面，常用副词。
请比较：
•He is careful.
•He works carefully.
•She is quiet.
•She speaks quietly.

三、比较级变化规则：别只记一半

1．一般直接加 -er

tall → taller
2．以不发音 e 结尾：直接加 -r
nice → nicer
3．重读闭音节：双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 -er
big → bigger
hot → hotter
thin → thinner
fat → fatter
wet → wetter
4．辅音字母 + y 结尾：y 变 i，再加 -er
easy → easier
5．多音节词：前面加 more
beautiful → more beautiful
四、不规则比较级：不讲道理，只能记住
good → better  well → better
bad → worse    badly → worse
ill → worse
many → more   much → more
little → less
far → farther / further
old → older / elder

注意 old：older 和 elder 别乱用

•My brother is two years older than me.
•Her elder sister（姐姐） is a teacher.
最稳妥的记忆方法：
older：表示年龄大小、新旧，可与 than 连用；
elder：多用于家庭成员中“年长的”，通常放在名词前。
3．farther 和 further
两者都可以表示“更远”。
•farther 常强调实际距离；
•further 还可以表示“进一步的”。
五、中考最容易错：比较对象必须一致
请看这个句子：
My hair is longer than he.
很多学生觉得没问题，但这句话是错的。
为什么？
因为前面比较的是：
my hair（我的头发）
后面却变成了：
he（他这个人）
“我的头发”不能和“他”相比。
正确说法是：
My hair is longer than his.
我的头发比他的头发长。
这里的 his 相当于 his hair。

失分坑2：than 后面的人称代词错了

比较“某人的东西”时，than 后面通常要用名词性物主代词。
前面比较什么后面可以用什么
my book yours / his / hers
例如：
•Her bike is newer than mine.
“than he”什么时候可以用？
当比较的是“谁做某事更……”时，可以写成完整结构：
•Lucy studies harder than he does.
失分坑3：than 和 then 分不清
than：比
then：然后；那时
•× My hair is longer then his.
•√ My hair is longer than his.
这个错误在短文改错和书面表达中非常常见。

六、比较级前面能加什么？不能加什么？

比较级前经常会出现表示程度的词，这正是中考喜欢设置干扰项的地方。
可以修饰比较级的词
表示“一点儿”：
a little, a bit
表示“……得多”：
much, far, a lot, 
表示“更加、甚至、仍然”：
even, still
例如：
•a little taller
•a bit more carefully
失分坑4：very 不能直接修饰比较级
•× very taller
正确表达：
•much taller
七、最容易多加或漏掉的 be 动词
基础学生在比较级中，经常出现两个极端：
•要么漏掉 be 动词；
•要么多加一个 be 动词。

1．形容词比较级作表语时，不能漏 be 动词

•× Tom taller than Jack.
•√ Tom is taller than Jack.
因为 taller是形容词，前面需要 be 动词或其他连系动词。

2．有实义动词时，不能乱加 be

•× Tom is runs faster than Jack.
•√ Tom runs faster than Jack.
runs、 已经是谓语动词，前面不能再随意加 is。

3．但进行时中的 be 动词不能删

•She is running faster than before.
她现在跑得比以前快。
这里的 is running 是现在进行时，is 不能删。

八、more、fewer、less：数量比较的高频考点

这三个词特别容易混淆。
more：更多，可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词
fewer：更少，修饰可数名词复数
less：更少，修饰不可数名词
例如：
•more books
•more water
•fewer students
•less milk

失分坑5：可数名词与不可数名词混用

•× less books
•√ fewer books
一句口诀：
可数用 fewer，不可数用 less。

九、比较级的4个特殊句型

1．比较级 + and + 比较级：越来越……

单音节词或部分双音节词
•The weather is becoming colder and colder.
多音节词

失分坑6：越来越……的结构乱用

•√ more and more beautiful

2．the + 比较级，the + 比较级：越……，越……

•The more you read, the more you will learn.

3．the + 比较级 + of the two：两者中较……

•Tom is the taller of the two boys.

失分坑7：两者比较误用最高级

•× the tallest of the two
•√ the taller of the two
看到 of the two，要优先想到：
the + 比较级

4．比较级 + than any other + 单数名词

•Suzhou is more beautiful than any other city in Jiangsu.
这里的 other 不能漏。
因为前面的事物本身也在这个范围里。如果没有 other，就会变成“自己和自己比较”。

十、as…as：不是比较级，却是比较专题必考点

很多学生只重视 than，却忽略了 as…as。

1．肯定句：和……一样……

as + 原级 + as
•Lucy runs as fast as Lily.

失分坑8：as…as 中间错用比较级

•× as taller as
•√ as tall as
请记住：
as…as 中间永远用原级。

2．否定句：不如……那么……

not as / so + 原级 + as
•Lucy doesn’t run as fast as Lily.
中考中，not as…as 更常见；not so…as 也正确。

3．同义句转换：高频必会

•Tom is not as tall as Jack.
= Jack is taller than Tom.
一句口诀：
A 不如 B 那么……
就是 B 比 A 更……

十一、形容词、副词的“隐形陷阱”

有些词既可作形容词，也可作副词；还有一些词只差一个 -ly，意思却完全不同。
fast：快的；快地
hard：努力的；努力地
hardly：几乎不
late：晚；迟
lately：最近
high：高的；高地
highly：高度地；非常
请比较：
•He studies hard.
他努力学习。
•He hardly studies.
他几乎不学习。
这两个句子只差一个 -ly，意思却完全相反。

十二、写作加分：比较级句型可以这样用

比较级不只是选择题考点，更是书面表达的加分句型。
写学习建议
•The more carefully you listen in class, the better you will understand the lesson.
•You should spend less time on your phone and more time reading books.
•If you practise more, you will make fewer mistakes.
写健康生活
•Doing exercise can make us stronger and healthier.
•We should eat less junk food and drink more water.
•The earlier we go to bed, the better we will feel the next day.
写家乡变化
•My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful.
•The roads are wider and cleaner than before.
•People live a more convenient life now.
写人物对比
•My mother is more patient than me.
•My brother runs faster, but I am more careful.
•My best friend studies harder than I do.

十三、中考高频同构训练

A．单项选择
1．My hair is longer than ______.
A. he
B. him
C. his
D. himself
2．Which city is ______, Beijing or Shanghai?
A. large
B. larger
C. largest
D. the largest
3．This box is ______ than that one.
A. more heavy
B. heavier
C. heaviest
D. more heavier
4．My brother is two years ______ than me.
A. old
B. older
C. oldest
D. elder
5．Lucy writes ______ than her sister.
A. careful
B. carefully
C. more careful
D. more carefully
6．The weather is getting ______.
A. cold and cold
B. colder and colder
C. more colder
D. more and more cold
7．The more exercise you take, the ______ you will be.
A. healthy
B. healthier
C. healthiest
D. more healthy
8．This is the ______ of the two bags.
A. heavy
B. heavier
C. heaviest
D. more heavy
9．Tom is not as ______ as Jack.
A. tall
B. taller
C. tallest
D. more tall
10．We should drink ___ cola and ___ water.
A. fewer; less
B. less; more
C. more; fewer
D. little; much
11．My father drives ______ than my uncle.
A. careful
B. carefully
C. more carefully
D. most carefully
12．The blue coat is ______ than the black one.
A. much expensive
B. more expensive
C. expensiver
D. most expensive
B．用所给词的适当形式填空
13．Mary is __________ than her brother.
(careful)
14．Jack runs __________ than me.
(fast)
15．Today is __________ than yesterday.
(hot)
16．The more you practise, the __________ you will speak English.
(good)
17．There is __________ milk in this bottle than in that one.
(little)
18．The city is becoming _______ and _______.
(beautiful)
C．改错题
19．Tom is more taller than Jack.
20．My sister is as taller as me.
21．There are less students in our class this year.
22．Lucy is studies harder than Lily.
23．This bag is not as heavy than that one.
24．The more hard you work, the better grades you will get.

十四、答案与解析

开头5题答案
1．C
2．B
3．B
4．B
5．C
A．单项选择答案
1．C
2．B
3．B
4．B
5．D
6．B
7．B
8．B
9．A
10．B
11．C
12．B
B．填空题答案
13．more careful
14．faster
15．hotter
16．better
17．less
18．more；more beautiful
C．改错题答案
19．删去 more。
正确句子：Tom is taller than Jack.
20．taller 改为 tall。
正确句子：My sister is as tall as me.
21．less 改为 fewer。
正确句子：There are fewer students in our class this year.
22．删去 is。
正确句子：Lucy studies harder than Lily.
23．than 改为 as。
正确句子：This bag is not as heavy as that one.
24．more hard 改为 harder；better 前补 the。
正确句子：The harder you work, the better grades you will get.

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