D10 任务清单
词汇:第321~360词 ☐
语法:情态动词(can/may/must) ☐
教材:八上 U5-U6 ☐
复习:D9词汇+被动语态(将来/完成) ☐
一、词汇(第321~360词)
时间安排
早上20分钟:背新词
中午5分钟:快速过一遍
睡前10分钟:回顾当天所有词
具体操作步骤
第一步:复习昨日词(5分钟)
先过一遍D9的40个词
还不熟的单独标记,重点记
第二步:筛选新词(3分钟)
第321~360词看一遍
认识的打√,不认识的打×
只重点记打×的词
第三步:记忆(12分钟)
每个生词读3遍、写2遍
重点记:拼写、词性、中文意思
情态动词要记搭配和语气
名词要记可数还是不可数
第四步:检测(5分钟)
遮住中文,看英文说中文
遮住英文,看中文拼英文
不会的单独抄到小卡片
今日重点词性提醒
情态动词:注意后面跟动词原形
动词:注意过去式和过去分词
名词:注意复数形式
记忆小技巧
把词放到句子里记,不要孤立背
比如记 must,就记 You must finish it today.
情态动词按语气强弱记:can < may < must
同义词、反义词可以一起记
比如 must / have to,can / be able to
具体40个词从你的中考词汇书或教材词汇表里按顺序取。
二、语法:情态动词(can/may/must)
1. 什么是情态动词
特点:
本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语
后面必须跟动词原形
没有人称和数的变化(不加s)
否定直接加 not
初中常见情态动词:
can / could
may / might
must
should
need
have to
2. can / could 的用法
用法一:表示能力(会、能)
I can swim.
She can speak English.
He couldn't swim last year.
用法二:表示请求、许可(could 更委婉)
Can I use your pen?
Could you help me?
用法三:表示推测(常用于否定句)
It can't be true.(不可能是真的)
否定形式:
can not = cannot = can't
could not = couldn't
句型:
肯定:主语 + can + 动词原形
否定:主语 + can't + 动词原形
疑问:Can + 主语 + 动词原形?
例句:
I can play the piano.
She can't dance.
Can you swim?
3. may 的用法
用法一:表示请求、许可(可以)
May I come in?
You may go now.
用法二:表示推测(可能)
He may be at home.
It may rain tomorrow.
否定形式:
may not = mayn't(少用)
表示“不可以”常用 mustn't 或 can't
句型:
肯定:主语 + may + 动词原形
否定:主语 + may not + 动词原形
疑问:May + 主语 + 动词原形?
例句:
May I use your phone?
He may come tomorrow.
She may not be at home.
4. must 的用法
用法一:表示必须、应该(主观)
You must finish your homework.
I must go now.
用法二:表示推测(一定,语气最强)
He must be at home.
She must be tired.
否定形式:
must not = mustn't(禁止,不许)
注意:mustn't 不是“不必”
句型:
肯定:主语 + must + 动词原形
否定:主语 + mustn't + 动词原形
疑问:Must + 主语 + 动词原形?
例句:
You must obey the rules.
You mustn't smoke here.
Must I go now?
5. must 和 have to 的区别
must:
主观上的必须
只有现在时
否定 mustn't = 禁止
have to:
客观上的必须
有时态变化(had to, will have to)
否定 don't have to = 不必
对比:
I must study hard.(我自己觉得必须)
I have to study hard.(客观要求我必须)
You mustn't go.(禁止你去)
You don't have to go.(你不必去)
6. 表示推测的情态动词(语气从弱到强)
might(可能,最弱)
may(可能)
could(可能)
must(一定,最强)
can't(不可能)
例句:
He may come.(他可能来)
He must come.(他一定来)
He can't come.(他不可能来)
7. 常见易错点
错:She cans swim.
对:She can swim.
错:He can to swim.
对:He can swim.
错:You mustn't to go.
对:You mustn't go.
错:Must I to go now?
对:Must I go now?
错:You mustn't go.(想表达“不必”)
对:You don't have to go.
注意:
情态动词后一定跟动词原形
情态动词不加s
mustn't 是“禁止”,不是“不必”
8. 情态动词的被动语态
结构:情态动词 + be + 过去分词
The work must be finished today.
The book can be borrowed from the library.
The rule must be obeyed.
三、教材:八上 U5-U6
任务清单
1. 快速通读 U5-U6 课文,每篇读2遍
2. 划出所有含情态动词的句子
3. 圈出不认识的词,抄到生词本
4. 重点看以下内容
重点语法点
can / could 表示能力和请求
may 表示许可和推测
must 表示必须和推测
must 和 have to 的区别
情态动词的被动语态
重点句型
Can you come to my party?
Sure, I'd love to.
May I use your pen?
You must finish your homework first.
You mustn't smoke here.
Do I have to go now?
No, you don't have to.
四、今日练习
一、用适当的情态动词填空(can/could/may/must/mustn't)
1. ______ you swim? — Yes, I can.
2. ______ I come in? — Yes, please.
3. You ______ finish your homework first.
4. You ______ smoke here. It's not allowed.
5. ______ you help me? — Sure.
6. He ______ be at home. The light is on.
7. It ______ rain tomorrow.
8. She ______ speak English well.
9. ______ I use your phone?
10. You ______ be tired after the long trip.
二、选择正确的答案
1. She ______ swim when she was five.
A. can B. could C. may
2. ______ I use your pen?
A. Must B. May C. Need
3. You ______ finish it today. It's urgent.
A. can B. may C. must
4. You ______ smoke here.
A. mustn't B. don't have to C. can't
5. — Must I go now?
— No, you ______.
A. mustn't B. don't have to C. can't
三、用 must 或 have to 填空
1. I ______ study hard. (我自己觉得)
2. I ______ study hard. (客观要求)
3. You ______ go now. (禁止)
4. You ______ go now. (不必)
5. She ______ stay at home yesterday. (客观)
四、翻译
1. 你会游泳吗?
2. 我可以进来吗?
3. 你必须先完成作业。
4. 你禁止在这里吸烟。
5. 他一定在家。
6. 她不可能来。
7. 我明天不必去上学。
8. 这项工作必须今天完成。
五、改错(每句一处错误)
1. She cans swim.
2. He can to swim.
3. You mustn't to go.
4. Must I to go now?
5. You mustn't go. (想表达“不必”)
6. She may comes tomorrow.
7. He musts be at home.
8. The work must finished today.
六、用情态动词的被动语态填空
1. The work ______ (must finish) today.
2. The book ______ (can borrow) from the library.
3. The rule ______ (must obey).
4. The homework ______ (must hand in) tomorrow.
5. The room ______ (can clean) by us.
五、睡前回顾(10分钟)
过一遍今天40个词,标出还不熟的
默写 can/may/must 的用法和否定形式
把今天错的题抄到错题本
用3句话总结 must 和 have to 的区别
六、明日预告
D11:第361~400词 + 情态动词(should/need)+ 八上U7-U8