本期专练：情态动词与虚拟语气，掌握情态动词表推测，攻克虚拟语气难点题型。
语法是高考英语得分根基。本栏目按考点拆分语法专项，精选高考真题与模拟题针对性训练，帮助同学们把握命题方向，逐项突破语法短板。
一、高考真题与单句语法填空题
1.(2023·全国甲卷)Carson proves that a simple lyric form thathas been passed down through the ages can still _______(employ)today to draw attention to important truths.
2.(2021·全国甲卷改编)The wall is 12 metres high and from hereyou ____see streams of people moving inside and outside theCity Wall.
3.____they abandoned their dreams, they wouldn't have achieved their success.
4.My mother recommended that the clothes in a mess ______(fold) up and laid in my wardrobe.
5.The manager requested that all the business invitations _____(send) out before tomorrow.
6. He suggested that the meeting ______(hold) next Monday to discuss the problem.
7. Her pale face suggested that she ______（be）ill.
8. He insisted that he was not ill, but the doctor insisted that he _____take）the medicine.
9. If I ______(know) your address yesterday，I would have sent you the invitation letter.
10. If only I ______(study) harder last term，I would have passed the math exam.
11. If it ______(rain) tomorrow，we would have to cancel the outdoor picnic.
12. She walked slowly as if she ______ (hurt) in the leg.
13. It is high time that we ______(take) measures to reduce air pollution.
14. It is necessary that we ______ (improve) our English speaking skills.
15. If she ________ (come) next week，we would have a big party for her.
16. If he _______(follow) the doctor’s advice，he would be in good health now.
17. The teacher demanded that all students _____ (hand) in their homework before class.
18. I wish I ____(be) a bird，so I could fly to every corner of the world.
19. Without your help，we couldn’t _____ (finish) the project on time.
20. He is sad. He must ____the exam.
21. (2016年上海) If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better_____(control) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.
22.（成都二诊）Your name ought to _______(include) in the list.
23. (2016·全国新课标II) Some classmates suggested we______(go) to places of interest nearby.
24. (2014福建)If there ______(be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
25. (2015北京) If I _____(see) it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
26. (2010湖南)If he______(follow) my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.
27. (2018·江苏) There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ (have) a second chance to become more involved.
28. (2014﹒陕西﹒T23) We would rather our daughter _______(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
二、语篇填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Volunteering in community service is a meaningful experience that everyone 1._____(should/participate) in at least once. Last month, I joined a team to help elderly people living alone. I realized that many of them 2._____ (can/not/do) basic housework like cleaning windows or carrying heavy things. If we 3._______ (not/devote) time to helping them, they 4._____ (face) great difficulties in daily life.
One old lady, Mrs. Li, told me she 5.______ (wish) she 6.______(visit) her daughter who works in another city more often. However, she was too weak to travel alone. Our team suggested that a regular transportation service 7._______(provide) for such elderly people. The community leader agreed and said the service 8.______(start) next month.
It is high time that society 9.______(pay) more attention to the needs of the elderly. Without the efforts of volunteers, many elderly people 10._____ (not/feel) the warmth of the community.
三、句子翻译与写作应用
1. 建议信：你应该尽可能多地和母语者练习口语。
2. 感谢信：要是没有你的及时帮助，我不可能完成这项艰巨的任务。
3. 通知：所有学生必须参加本周五下午的安全讲座。
4. 申请信：如果您能给我一个面试机会，我将非常感激。
5. 演讲稿：我们应该珍惜高中宝贵的时光。
6. 邮件：如果您对这个计划有任何疑问，随时可以给我发邮件。
7. 咨询信：您能告诉我申请是否有特殊要求吗？
8. 人物介绍：王老师是一位如此善良的老师，以至于他总是会帮助学生们。
9.（读后续写）小女孩紧紧抱着泰迪熊，仿佛它能给她面对黑暗房间的勇气。
10.（读后续写）看着爸爸煮的完美的早餐，他们懊悔地说早前应该先跟爸爸请教怎么做早餐.
一、单句填空
1. be employed详解:从语法角度来看，主语“a simple lyric form”（一种简单的抒情形式）和谓语动词“employ”（运用）之间是被动关系，即“抒情形式被运用”，所以要用被动语态，其结构为“be + 过去分词”。又因为句中有情态动词“can”，情态动词后接动词原形，所以“be” 用原形,“employ” 的过去分词是“employed”，综上填“be employed”。卡森证明，一种流传千古的简单抒情形式，如今仍可用于唤起人们对重要真理的关注。
2. can详解:句子描述的是“从这里（能）看到城墙内外人流涌动” 这一客观事实，强调“能够” 的能力。结合语境，此处没有过去时态的提示，且是陈述当前具备的视觉能力，所以用情态动词“can”(能够)翻译:这堵墙有12 米高，从这里你能看到城墙内外人流涌动。
3. Had详解:观察句子结构，后半句“they wouldn't have achieved their success”（他们就不会取得成功）使用了“wouldn't have done” 的形式，这是虚拟语气中表示“与过去事实相反” 的主句结构。与之搭配的从句需用“if + 主语+ had done” 的形式，此处从句“they abandoned their dreams”（他们放弃了梦想）虽省略了“If”(完整形式为“Iftheyhad abandoned”)但需用部分倒装，所以填“Had”。翻译：如果他们当初放弃了梦想，就不会取得如今的成功。
4. (should) be folded详解：句中“recommended”（建议）是引导虚拟语气的标志词，当“recommend” 后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词要用“(should) + 动词原形” 的虚拟结构，“should” 可省略。同时，主语“the clothes”（衣服）和“fold”（折叠）之间是被动关系，即“衣服被折叠”，所以要用被动语态“be folded”，综上填“(should) be folded”。翻译：妈妈建议把乱糟糟的衣服叠好，放进我的衣柜里。
5. (should) be sent详解：“requested”（要求）是虚拟语气的标志词，其后接宾语从句时，从句谓语需用“(should) + 动词原形”，“should” 可省略。主语 “all the business invitations”（所有商务邀请函）和“send”（发送）是被动关系，即“邀请函被发送”，所以用被动语态“be sent”，故填“(should) be sent”。翻译：经理要求所有商务邀请函在明天之前发送出去。
6. (should) be held详解：“suggested”（建议）在此处表示“提出建议”，是虚拟语气标志词，后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用“(should) + 动词原形”，“should” 可省略。主语“the meeting”（会议）和“hold”（举行）是被动关系，即 “会议被举行”，所以用被动语态“be held”，填“(should) be held”。翻译：他建议会议在下周一举行，以讨论这个问题。
7. was详解：此句中“suggested” 并非表示“建议”，而是“暗示、表明”，此时从句不用虚拟语气，需根据实际语境判断时态。从句“she was ill”（她生病了）是“suggested” 所暗示的事实，时态与主句“suggested”（过去式）一致，用一般过去时。她苍白的脸色表明她生病了。
8. (should) take详解：第一个“insisted” 表示“坚持说、坚持认为”（强调事实），后接宾语从句时不用虚拟语气，从句“he was not ill”（他没生病）用一般过去时，与主句时态一致。第二个“insisted” 表示“坚持要求”，是虚拟语气标志词，后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用“(should) + 动词原形”，“should” 可省略，所以填“(should) take”。翻译：他坚持说自己没生病，但医生坚持要求他服药。
9. had known详解：句子后半句“would have sent”（就会寄了）是虚拟语气中“与过去事实相反” 的主句结构，对应的从句需用“if + 主语+ had done” 的形式。从句“如果昨天知道你的地址” 是与过去（昨天）事实相反的假设，所以“know” 要用过去完成时“had known”。翻译：如果昨天我知道你的地址，我就会把邀请函寄给你了。
10. had studied详解：“If only”（要是… 就好了）引导虚拟语气，此处“last term”(上学期)提示是与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语需用过去完成时“had done”。“要是上学期更努力学习” 是与过去事实相反的情况，所以“study” 用过去完成时“had studied”。要是上学期我学习更努力一点，数学考试就及格了。
11. rained/were to rain/should rain详解：主句“would have to cancel”（就不得不取消）是虚拟语气中“与将来事实相反” 的主句结构，对应的从句有三种表达：①一般过去时（did）；②“were to do”；③“should do”。从句“如果明天下雨” 是与将来事实相反的假设，“rain” 的一般过去时是“rained”，也可填“were to rain” 或“should rain”。翻译：如果明天下雨，我们就不得不取消户外野餐了。
12. had been hurt详解：“as if”（好像）引导虚拟语气，主句“walked”（走）是一般过去时，暗示“受伤” 是发生在“走路” 之前的过去动作，即与过去事实相反的假设，从句谓语需用过去完成时“had done”。主语“she”（她）和 “hurt”（受伤）是被动关系，所以用过去完成时的被动语态“had been hurt”。翻译：她走得很慢，好像腿受了伤一样。
13. took/should take详解：“It is high time that...”（该是…的时候了）是虚拟语气句式，从句谓语有两种表达：①一般过去时（did）；②“should + 动词原形” (“should” 不可省略)此处表示“该采取措施减少空气污染了”，所以“take” 可填过去时“took” 或“should take”。该是我们采取措施减少空气污染的时候了。
14. (should) improve详解：“It is necessary that...”（…是必要的）是虚拟语气句式，从句谓语需用“(should) + 动词原形”，“should” 可省略。此处表示“提高我们的英语口语能力是必要的”，所以“improve” 填“(should) improve”。翻译：提高我们的英语口语能力是必要的。
15. were to come详解：主句“would have a big party”（会举办一场盛大的派对）是虚拟语气中“与将来事实相反” 的主句结构，从句“如果她下周来” 用“were to do” 的形式表示对将来的假设(主语是“she”,“be” 用“were”)所以“come” 填“were to come”（也可填“came” 或“should come”，此处“were to come” 更贴合“将来假设” 的语境）。翻译：如果她下周要来，我们会为她举办一场盛大的派对。
16. had followed详解：句子是“错综虚拟语气”，主句“would be in good health now”（现在身体就会很好）是与现在事实相反的结果，从句“如果他当初听从医生的建议” 是与过去事实相反的假设，所以从句谓语用过去完成时“had done”。“follow”（听从）的过去完成时是“had followed”。翻译：如果他当初听从了医生的建议，现在身体就会很好了。
17. (should) hand详解：“demanded”（要求）是虚拟语气标志词，后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用“(should) + 动词原形”，“should” 可省略。此处表示“老师要求所有学生课前交作业”，“hand in”（上交）填“(should) hand”。翻译：老师要求所有学生在上课前交作业。
18. were详解：“wish”（希望）引导虚拟语气，此处“希望自己是一只鸟” 是与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用一般过去时，主语是“I”，“be” 动词要用“were”（虚拟语气中“be” 的过去式统一用“were”）。翻译：我希望自己是一只鸟，这样就能飞到世界的每个角落。
19. have finished详解：“Without your help”（没有你的帮助）是含蓄虚拟条件句，相当于“if there had been no your help”，表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句谓语用“couldn't have done”（不可能做了某事）。所以“finish” 填“have finished”。翻译：没有你的帮助，我们不可能按时完成这个项目。
20. have failed详解：“must have failed”（一定是不及格了）是情态动词“must” 表“对过去事实的肯定推测” 的结构，其形式为“must have + 过去分词”。句子根据“他很伤心” 这一语境，推测“他考试一定不及格了”。翻译：他很伤心，考试一定是不及格了。
21.control解析：had better 后接动词原形，构成固定搭配“had better do sth.”，表示“最好做某事”。因此此处填control。
22.be included解析：ought to 后接动词原形，且主语“your name” 与动词include 之间是被动关系（名字被包含在列表中），需用被动语态“be + 过去分词”。因此填be included。
23.(should) go解析：suggest 表示“建议” 时，其后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”，should 可省略。因此填go。
24.were解析：本句是 if 引导的虚拟条件句，根据主句“would have to wait” 可知，是对现在情况的虚拟，从句谓语动词用过去式（be 动词统一用were）。因此填were。
25.hadn't seen解析：主句“wouldn’t have believed” 是对过去情况的虚拟（“would + have + 过去分词”），因此 if 从句需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），表示与过去事实相反的假设。根据句意“如果不是亲眼所见，我不会相信”，此处用否定形式hadn't seen。
26.had followed解析：主句“wouldn’t have lost” 是对过去情况的虚拟，因此 if 从句需用过去完成时(had + 过去分词),表示“如果他当时听从了我的建议（实际没听从）”。因此填had followed。
27.had解析：wish 后接宾语从句时，若表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去式(be 动词用were)。本句中“希望有第二次机会” 是与现在事实相反的假设(实际没有）,因此填have 的过去式had。
28.stayed解析：would rather 后接宾语从句时，若表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去式。本句中“希望女儿留在家里” 是与现在事实相反的假设(实际没留在家里)，因此填stay 的过去式stayed。
二、语篇填空
1. should participate详解：此处考查“情态动词+ 动词原形” 结构及虚拟语气标志。“should” 是文档中重点讲解的情态动词，表“应该”，且“everyone should participate in” 符合“建议人们做某事” 的语境。同时，“should + 动词原形” 也是虚拟语气中“建议、必要性” 类句式的常见用法(如文档中“It is important that...” 句式),此处用“should participate” 体现 “应该参与志愿服务” 的建议，故填“should participate”。
2. could not do详解:考查情态动词“can” 的过去式及否定形式。文档中提到“can 表示能力，过去式为could”，此处主句“realized” 是过去时，从句需用相应过去时态，表达“老年人没有能力做家务”，“can not” 的过去式为“could not”，后接动词原形“do”，故填“could not do”。
3. did not devote详解：考查 if 虚拟条件句中“与现在事实相反” 的从句用法。文档中明确，与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句谓语用“did” 形式。此处“如果我们不花时间帮助他们” 是与当前事实（我们实际在帮助）相反的假设，主语“we” 后接“did not devote”，故填“did not devote”。
4. would face详解：考查 if 虚拟条件句中“与现在事实相反” 的主句用法。根据文档，与现在事实相反的虚拟主句，谓语用“should/would/could/might + do”，此处表“将会面临困难”，语气肯定，用“would”，后接动词原形“face”，故填“would face”。
5. wished详解：考查“wish” 引导虚拟语气的时态一致性。文档中提到“wish 后宾语从句需用虚拟语气，且主句时态通常为过去时”，此处主句主语“Mrs. Li”，谓语“told” 是过去时,从句“wish” 需用过去式“wished”，保持时态一致，故填“wished”。
6. could visit详解：考查“wish” 后宾语从句中 “与将来事实相反” 的虚拟用法。文档中指出，wish 从句表将来未实现的愿望，谓语用“would/could + do”。此处“希望能更常看望女儿” 是将来难以实现的愿望，用“could visit” 体现 “能够看望” 的意愿，符合“could + 动词原形” 的虚拟结构，故填 “could visit”。
7. (should) be provided详解:考查“suggest” 后宾语从句的虚拟语气及被动语态。文档中重点强调“suggest 表‘建议’时，后接宾语从句用‘(should) + 动词原形’，且需考虑语态”。此处“a regular transportation service”(交通服务)与“provide” 是被动关系(服务被提供),故用“(should) be provided”，“should” 可省略，故填“(should) be provided”。
8. would start详解：考查情态动词“will” 的过去式表 “过去将来”。文档中提到 “will 表将来，过去式为 would”，此处主句“said” 是过去时，从句 “下个月开始服务” 是过去视角下的将来动作，用“would start” 表 “过去将来时”，符合文档中“will/would 表时态一致” 的用法，故填“would start”。
9. paid/should pay详解：考查“It is high time that...” 句式的虚拟用法。文档中明确该句式从句谓语用“did” 或“should + 动词原形”（“should” 不可省略）。此处表“该是社会关注老年人的时候了”，两种形式均符合要求，故填“paid” 或“should pay”。
10. would not feel详解：考查含蓄虚拟条件句（without 引导）的用法。文档中提到“without 引导含蓄虚拟，相当于if there were no...，与现在事实相反时，主句用‘would + not + do’”。
此处“没有志愿者的努力” 是含蓄虚拟条件，表与现在事实相反，主句“老年人不会感受到温暖”，用“would not feel”，故填“would not feel”。
三、句子翻译与写作
1.建议信:You should practice speaking with native speakers as much as possible.
2.感谢信:Without your timely help，I couldn’t have completedthe difficult task .
3.通知：All students must attend the safety lecture this Friday afternoon.
4.申请信：I would be very grateful if you could give me an interview chance.
5.演讲稿：We ought to cherish the precious time in senior high school.
6.邮件：If you have any questions about the plan，you can send me an email at any time.
7.咨询信：Could you please tell me if there are any special requirementsfor the application？
8.人物介绍：Mr. Wang is such a kind teacher that he would alwayshelp students .
9.（读后续写）The little girl held the teddy bear tightly，
as if it could give her the courage to face the dark room.
10.（读后续写）Looking at the perfect breakfast cooked by dad,
they said regretfully that they should have asked dad
how to make breakfast previously.
