一、核心名词（n.）
•ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/ 抱负，志向例句：Through years of hard work, his ambition to become an educator finally came true.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•perseverance /ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns/ 毅力，坚韧例句：Perseverance leads to success, even when the road ahead seems long and uncertain.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•determination /dɪˌtɜːmɪˈneɪʃn/ 决心例句：With her talent and determination, it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore.（真题原句）
•confidence /ˈkɒnfɪdəns/ 自信例句：Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.（真题原句·2022北京卷阅读B）；And when people started clapping, that gave me a boost of confidence.（真题原句·2024北京卷完形第9空）
•obstacle /ˈɒbstəkl/ 障碍，困难例句：I've realised that my biggest obstacle (障碍) this whole time was myself.（真题原句）
•challenge /ˈtʃælɪndʒ/ 挑战真题年份：2024新课标I卷完形填空第51空例句：The roads there went through large valleys where I'd been riding uphill for miles at a time. I'd never faced such challenges.（第51空答案D. challenges，真题原句）
•opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ 机会真题年份：①2020全国卷I完形填空（“metaphorical door”语篇）；②2022北京卷阅读B篇例句：What if later in life they come to a metaphorical door, like an opportunity of some sort, and instead of opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just stare at it?（真题原句·2020全国I卷完形）；grab every opportunity with everything you have（真题原句·2022北京卷阅读B）
•pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/ 压力真题年份：未能核实可靠真题原句（真题语境更常考 stress，如2012北京卷阅读）例句：Teenagers are often under great pressure to get good grades in exams.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•milestone /ˈmaɪlstəʊn/ 里程碑，重要节点真题年份：未能核实具体真题年份例句：Graduating from senior high school was a major milestone in her life, marking the end of one journey and the start of another.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•potential /pəˈtenʃl/ 潜力真题年份：2022北京卷阅读B篇例句：It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can't.（真题原句）
•motivation /ˌməʊtɪˈveɪʃn/ 动力真题年份：动词形式 motivated 已核实于2024新课标I卷完形首句；名词形式未确证真题原句例句：I've been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks' achievements all my life.（真题原句·动词形式）；A clear goal provides the motivation needed to keep going when things get hard.（名词教学例句，典型例句）
•failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ 失败真题年份：2025全国II卷（新高考II卷）完形填空第50空例句：Hold on: Consider failure as a stepping stone to success and never give up.（第50空答案D. stepping stone，真题原句）
•achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ 成就真题年份：2024新课标I卷完形填空首句及第45空例句：I've been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks' achievements all my life.（真题原句）；Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only way I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!（第45空答案B. achievement，真题原句）
•self-discipline /ˌself ˈdɪsəplɪn/ 自律真题年份：未能核实具体真题年份例句：Self-discipline is not a burden but the quiet power that turns small daily efforts into real progress.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃn/ 适应真题年份：未能核实具体真题年份（名词真题出现率低；动词 adapt / adjust 更常见）例句：Adaptation to a new school environment takes time, but it helps a student grow more independent and confident.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ 指导真题年份：高考语法填空考点词（“follow your ___” 词性转换考点，2017—2026十年真题语法填空汇编）例句：We hold all the activities under the guidance of an experienced tutor.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ 勇气真题年份：2022北京卷阅读B篇例句：That smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him — an idea that had seemed completely impossible.（真题原句）
•reflection /rɪˈflekʃn/ 反思真题年份：名词未核实真题原句（动词 reflect 已核实，见动词块）例句：After days of reflection, she decided to face the challenge rather than run away from it.（典型例句，非真题原句）
二、核心动词（v.）
•endeavour /ɪnˈdevə(r)/ 努力，尽力真题年份：未能核实具体真题年份（课标高阶词，真题极低频）例句：We will always endeavour to provide the best possible service to our students.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ 克服真题年份：2022天津卷（6月第二次）完形填空第33空例句：Looking back, I'm glad that I overcame my fear.（第33空答案Looking back，真题原句）
•acquire /əˈkwaɪə(r)/ 习得，获得真题年份：待核实（线索“2014北京卷阅读：Music provides a kind of perception that cannot be acquired any other way.”语篇存在，但原句未能在官方PDF逐字命中）例句：Music provides a kind of perception that cannot be acquired any other way.（待核实，不建议作为真题原句引用）
•adjust /əˈdʒʌst/ 适应；调整真题年份：未能核实（原“2013广东卷”线索经复核不存在，已删除）例句：It took her a while to adjust to the new school, but she soon made friends.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•motivate /ˈməʊtɪveɪt/ 激励真题年份：2024新课标I卷完形填空首句及第二句例句：I've been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks' achievements all my life.（真题原句）；Feeling motivated, I started running regularly.（真题原句）
•persist /pəˈsɪst/ 坚持真题年份：未能核实具体真题年份例句：If you persist in practising every day, your writing will surely improve.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•struggle /ˈstrʌɡl/ 奋斗；艰难行进真题年份：①2024新课标II卷完形填空第42空；②2025全国II卷完形正文例句：During my first visit to Italy, I struggled to ask for directions or order in a restaurant.（第42空答案struggled，真题原句）；She'd been struggling with eating disorders and health issues.（真题原句·2025全国II卷完形）
•explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ 探索真题年份：待核实（2023新课标I卷阅读A篇MacBike语篇确认，但原句未能在官方PDF逐字复核命中）例句：Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights.（待核实）
•reflect /rɪˈflekt/ 反思；反映真题年份：2024北京卷语法填空（“Slowing down can contribute significantly to personal growth”篇）例句：When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and gives us the opportunity to make right choices.（真题原句）
•conquer /ˈkɒŋkə(r)/ 战胜，攻克真题年份：未能核实具体真题年份例句：Believe in yourself, and you will conquer any difficulty on your way to success.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ 转变，蜕变真题年份：未能核实真题原句（2024全国甲卷考生范文含 transformative 一词，非题源语篇）例句：Education has the power to transform a person's whole life.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•attempt /əˈtempt/ 尝试，试图真题年份：2024全国甲卷阅读C篇（俄罗斯Saint Lukas医疗列车语篇）例句：The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.（真题原句）
•survive /səˈvaɪv/ 挺过，熬过真题年份：未能核实具体真题原句例句：Thanks to the doctor's timely treatment, the patient survived the operation.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•improve /ɪmˈpruːv/ 提升，改善真题年份：2024全国甲卷阅读C篇（与 attempt 同句）例句：The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation.（真题原句）
三、形容词 & 副词（adj./adv.）
•determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/ 坚定的真题年份：2025全国II卷（新高考II卷）完形填空例句：Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle, before discovering a passion for weightlifting.（真题原句）
•confident /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ 自信的真题年份：2022北京卷阅读B篇例句：Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized.（真题原句）
•optimistic /ˌɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/ 乐观的真题年份：2024北京卷阅读表达语篇（追求科研独立的成长故事）例句：But I was unrealistically optimistic about what I could achieve.（真题原句）
•independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ 独立的真题年份：2024北京卷阅读表达语篇（同上篇）例句：By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist.（真题原句）
•persistent /pəˈsɪstənt/ 坚持不懈的真题年份：未能核实具体真题年份例句：A persistent person keeps working toward a goal even when progress seems slow.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ 逐渐地真题年份：未能核实具体真题年份（网传句均出自模拟题）例句：She was nervous at first, but gradually she grew comfortable speaking in front of the class.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•eventually /ɪˈventʃuəli/ 最终真题年份：2024北京卷阅读表达语篇；另作2025北京卷完形第20空选项例句：By learning when to ask for help, I eventually found myself on the way to becoming an independent scientist.（真题原句）
•positively /ˈpɒzətɪvli/ 积极地真题年份：未能核实真题正文原句（2025全国II卷七选五出现的是形容词 positive）例句：Thinking positively helped her get through the difficult exam period.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•discouraged /dɪsˈkʌrɪdʒd/ 气馁的真题年份：真题多作“人物情感态度题”选项：2024北京卷阅读C篇第24题答案 Discouraged；另作2023新高考I卷完形第11空干扰项（正文原词未核实）例句：He felt discouraged after failing the audition, but he refused to give up.（典型例句，非真题原句）
•frustrated /frʌˈstreɪtɪd/ 沮丧的真题年份：形容词未核实真题正文原句；名词 frustration 已核实于2022新高考I卷读后续写David篇例句：I bit back my frustration.（真题原句·名词形式）；He felt frustrated when his carefully prepared experiment failed for the third time.（形容词典型例句）
•mature /məˈtjʊə(r)/ 成熟的真题年份：动词过去分词 matured 已核实为2024新课标I卷完形填空第54空答案例句：I've matured a lot since then. I've come to accept that whatever goals I set for myself, they just have to be my own.（第54空答案B. matured，真题原句）
四 高频固定搭配
1.step out of one’s comfort zone 走出舒适区
2.overcome difficulties / obstacles 克服困难/障碍
3.cope with pressure 应对压力
4.set goals 设定目标
5.make every effort to do 竭尽全力做某事
6.persist in doing sth 坚持做某事
7.reflect on one’s experience 反思经历
8.gain confidence 获得自信
9.have the courage to do sth 有勇气做某事
10.take on challenges 迎接挑战
11.go through hardships 经历磨难
12.achieve one’s potential 发挥潜力
13.learn from failure 从失败中学习
14.adapt to new situations 适应新环境
15.try out for 参加选拔；尝试
16.devote oneself to 致力于
17.keep on trying 不断尝试
18.build up one’s character 塑造品格
19.with great determination 凭借坚定的决心
20.turn failure into motivation 化失败为动力
