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1.(2023 全国甲卷) For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ________ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.

答案：to teach 

考查：不定式 to-do 作目的状语 

解析：人们讲故事的目的是传授道理，不定式表目的。 

句意：数千年来，人们讲述寓言，用来传授道理或者传递智慧。

2.(2020 全国 Ⅰ 卷) Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ________(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.

答案：to find 

考查：不定式 to-do 作目的状语 (固定搭配:use sth. to do) 

解析：use sth. to do 使用某物去做某事，不定式表目的。 

句意：中国科研人员希望借助嫦娥四号搭载仪器去发现､研究南极 — 艾肯盆地。

3.(2026 新课标 Ⅰ 卷) ________ (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands where serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup.

答案：Drawn 

考查：过去分词 done 作原因状语 (被动) 

解析：逻辑主语 they 和 draw (吸引) 是被动关系，过去分词作句首原因状语，首字母大写。 

句意：被街边小吃的香味吸引，他们在冒着热气的饺子､热汤面摊位前排队。

4.(2022 新课标 Ⅱ 卷) Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the ________ (fall) child.

答案：falling 

考查：现在分词 doing 作前置定语 

解析：falling child “正在坠落的孩子”，现在分词描述正在发生的动作。 

句意：亨利･泰勒在周末上演了年度惊险一接。看到一个小孩悬挂在六楼公寓阳台外时，亨利奔跑 100 米，翻过一道 1.2 米高的围栏，伸出双臂去接住这个正在坠落的孩子。

5.(2024 北京卷) Just then, some kids ran at him, ________ (knock) his books out of his arms.

答案：knocking 

考查：现在分词 doing 作伴随状语 (主动) 

解析：kids 与 knock 主动，现在分词描述谓语动作带来的伴随行为。 

句意：就在这时，一群孩子朝他冲过来，把他怀里的书撞得散落一地。

6.(2025 天津 3 月卷) The school has decided to build an AI lab and the teachers would like to see the construction project ________ (carry) out in the next school year.

答案：carried 

考查：过去分词 done 作宾语补足语 (结构:see sth. Done) 

解析：project 与 carry out 被动，see sth. done “看见某事被做”。 

句意：学校决定筹建一间人工智能实验室，老师们希望这项建设工程能在下一学年开展。

7.(2021 天津 3 月卷) China’s National Highway 318, ________(extend) over 5,000 kilometers from Shanghai to Zhangmu, Tibet, is known as the “heavenly road” for its amazing views.

答案：extending 

考查：现在分词 doing 作后置定语 (主动) 

解析：公路与 extend (绵延) 主动，现在分词描述公路特征。 

句意：中国 318 国道绵延 5000 多公里，东起上海，西至西藏樟木，因其绝美风光而被誉为 “天路”。

8.(2023 北京卷) When ________ (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.

答案：seen 

考查：过去分词 done 作状语 (状语从句省略 when+done, 被动) 

解析：mangrove forests (红树林) 与 see 被动，省略主语和 be 动词。 

句意：从远处眺望，红树林显得格外壮丽。

9.(2026 上海 6 月卷翻译题改编) A basketball team collaborates in the same way that a machine operates, where each part takes its own duty and cooperates with each other ________ (accomplish) the shared goals.

答案：to accomplish 

考查：不定式 to-do 作目的状语 

解析：不定式放句中表行为的目的 “为了”。 

句意：一支篮球队协作的方式如同机器运转，每个部件各司其职､互相配合，去实现共同目标。

10.(2020 江苏卷) Technological innovations, ________ (combine) with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.

答案：combined 

考查：过去分词 done 作插入状语 (固定搭配:be combined with) 

解析：innovations 与 combine 被动；combined with“与…… 相结合” 作插入成分。 

句意：技术创新，再结合良好的市场营销，将会提升这些产品的销量。

11.(2025 新课标 Ⅱ 卷) Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance ________ (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day.

答案：to discover 

考查：不定式 to-do 作后置定语 

解析：抽象名词 chance 后常用不定式作后置定语，表 “做…… 的机会”。 

句意：从小到大，我家和邻居们从来不用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我无缘领略阳光的一大奇妙之处 —— 衣物晒足一整天后，所带上的那股清新好闻的 “阳光味道”。

12.(2024 新课标 Ⅱ 卷) ________ (recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said…”

答案：Recalling 

考查：现在分词 doing 作句首状语 (主动) 

解析：逻辑主语 Edmondson 与 recall 主动，现在分词作状语，首字母大写。

句意：埃德蒙森回忆，几年前他在上海看过戏曲版《理查三世》，也见过专程来到斯特拉特福表演《牡丹亭》片段的中国演员，他表示:……

13.(2022 上海卷) Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the ________ (exist) market.

答案：existing 

考查：现在分词 doing 作前置定语 

解析：existing market 现存的市场，现在分词修饰 market。 

句意：假如一个商业创意不以填补现存市场空白的产品为核心，那大多是运用技术简化获取产品或服务的流程。

14.(2026 浙江 1 月卷) I remember ________ (push) in a supermarket trolley (手推车) over the uneven car park ground like riding a roller coaster.

答案：being pushed 

考查：动名词 doing 的被动形式作宾语 (固定搭配:remember doing) 

解析：remember doing 记得做过某事；主语 I 和 push 被动，动名词被动 being pushed。 

句意：我记得在停车场凹凸不平的地面上推着超市手推车，那感觉就像坐过山车。

15.(2023 新课标 Ⅰ 卷) Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ________(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of their contents.

答案：to lift 

考查：不定式 to-do 作宾语补足语 (固定搭配:allow sth. to do) 

解析：allow …to do sth.“允许…… 做某事”，不定式作宾补。 

句意：撇开南翔不谈，优质小笼包皮薄，能够将它们从蒸笼里夹起，而不会破皮､漏汤。

16.(2020 全国 Ⅲ 卷) And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds ________(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears.

答案：surrounding 

考查：现在分词 doing 作宾语补足语 (结构:see sth. doing) 

解析：clouds 与 surround 主动；see sth. doing 看见某物正在做……。 

句意：当看见河面薄雾升腾，缕缕柔云萦绕山顶时，他不禁潸然泪下。

17.(2025 上海卷) The previous government considered ________ (ban) solar power on the richest agricultural land.

答案：banning 

考查：动名词 doing 作动词宾语 (固定搭配:consider doing) 

解析：consider doing sth 考虑做某事，动名词作 consider 宾语。 

句意：上一届政府曾考虑禁止在优质农业用地上铺设太阳能设施。

18.(2022 全国甲卷) Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.

答案：held 

考查：过去分词 done 作后置定语 (被动) 

解析：forum 与 hold (举办) 被动，过去分词修饰 forum。 

句意：受在北京举办的一带一路国际合作高峰论坛启发，曹决定徒步走完这条路线，向古丝绸之路致敬。

19.(2024 上海卷) Before ________ (look) for a job opening, you have to answer this question: “What do I want to do?”

答案：looking 

考查：动名词 doing 作介词宾语 

解析：before 是介词，介词后接动名词 doing。 

句意：在寻找工作机会之前，你必须回答这个问题：我想做什么？

20.(2026 北京卷) You may not know the term, but that feeling is “kama muta”, a recently ________ (name) emotion that marks some of the most important moments in our life.

答案：named 考查：过去分词 done 作前置定语 (被动) 

解析：emotion 与 name “命名” 构成被动关系，recently named 意为 “新近被命名的”。 

句意：你或许不知道这个术语，但这种感受就是 “kama muta”，一种新近被命名的情绪，它标记着我们生命中一些最重要的时刻。

21.(2021 新高考 Ⅰ 卷) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ______ (ache) legs.

答案：aching 

考查：现在分词 doing 作前置定语 

解析：aching legs 酸痛的双腿，现在分词描述状态。 

句意：虽然上山路上只有这一处人造建筑，但它却为整段登山旅程增色不少，还提供了一处可以坐下放松酸痛双腿的地方。

22.(2023 全国乙卷) Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ________(build) system of ring roads.

答案：built 

考查：过去分词 done 作后置定语 (被动) 

解析：system of ring roads 与 build 被动；carefully built 精心修建的。 

句意：北京是一座连接古老与现代的城市。从佛寺到博物馆，从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿，这里承载着三千多年的辉煌历史，就连城市格局亦是如此，这座城市保留着精心修建的环路体系。

23.(2025 天津 6 月卷) With robots ________ (perform) various industrial tasks, factories have increased production efficiency.

答案：performing 

考查:with 复合结构作宾补 (主动) 

解析：robots 与 perform 主动，with + 宾语 + doing, 表伴随。 

句意：随着机器人执行各类工业任务，工厂生产效率得以提升。

24.(2024 新课标 Ⅰ 卷) These sepals open on warm days ________ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.

答案：to give 

考查：不定式 to-do 作目的状语 

解析：花萼在温暖日子打开，目的是给植物阳光空气，不定式表目的。 

句意：这些萼片在温暖的日子里张开，为内部的植株提供阳光与新鲜空气。

25.(2026 新课标 Ⅱ 卷) At the end of the lesson, I feel wide awake, despite it still ________ (be) early at 8 a.m.

答案：being 

考查：动名词 doing 作介词宾语 (despite + 复合结构) 

解析：despite 为介词，后接动名词；it 为动名词逻辑主语，构成 despite it still being…。 

句意：课程结束的时候虽然才早上 8 点，天色尚早，但我已经完全清醒。

26.(2022 北京卷) Why do humans prefer some smells over others? One theory, increasingly ________(support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned.

答案：supported 

考查：过去分词 done 作后置定语 (被动) 

解析：theory 与 support 被动，“被越来越多专家支持的理论”。 

句意：人类为什么偏爱某些气味？一条被越来越多专家支持的理论表明，气味偏好是后天习得。

27.【2020 新课标 Ⅰ 卷 (山东卷)】 Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or ________ (walk) through a rainforest.

答案：walking 

考查：动名词 doing 作动词宾语 (固定搭配:imagine oneself doing) 

解析：imagine sb. doing 想象某人做某事，and 并列 living 与 walking。 

句意：很多博物馆趣味十足，吸引了大量参观者。参观者除了观赏展品，还可以体验电脑模拟程序，想象自己置身于历史的某个时期，或是漫步热带雨林。

28.(2025 浙江 1 月卷) “I really want to make this work for people’s lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean ________ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend,” she says.

答案：returning 

考查：动名词 doing 作动词宾语 (固定搭配:mean doing) 

解析：mean doing sth. “意味着做某事”(区分:mean to do “打算做”), 动名词作宾语。 

句意:“我真心希望这项服务能够适配人们当下的生活，但我也明白，这不总是意味着过完周末周一就要归还裙子，” 她说道。

29.(2023 浙江 1 月卷) In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ________ (surround) in concentric (同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.

答案：surrounded 

考查：过去分词 done 作后置定语 (被动) 

解析：Forbidden City 与 surround (包围) 被动。 

句意：明代的城市中心是紫禁城，内城､外城呈同心环状将它层层环绕。

30.(2024 天津 3 月卷) Coffee may cause sleep disturbance, especially when ________ (consume) in large amounts or after 2 pm.

答案：consumed 

考查：过去分词 done 作状语 (状语从句省略 when+done, 被动) 

解析：coffee 与 consume (饮用) 被动，省略主语 be。省略主语与 be 动词。 

句意：咖啡可能会扰乱睡眠，尤其是在大量饮用或下午两点之后饮用。

31.(2026 上海 1 月卷) “These?” I replied, ________ (point) to my worn trainers.

答案：pointing 

考查：现在分词 doing 作伴随状语 (主动) 

解析：逻辑主语 I 与 point 主动，现在分词作伴随状语。 

句意:“这些？” 我一边回答，一边指着我那双破旧的运动鞋。

32.(2022 新课标 I 卷) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ________(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

答案：to increase 

考查：不定式 to-do 作目的状语 

解析：把保护区统一归到一个机构，目的是提升效力､减少管理矛盾。 

句意：该计划将保护范围扩大到大量此前未受保护的区域，将现有多处大熊猫保护地归入同一管理机构，以提高保护成效，减少管理上的不一致。

33.(2020 北京卷) A piece of stone ________ (find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives, known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought.

答案：found 

考查：过去分词 done 作后置定语 (被动) 

解析：stone 与 find 被动；a piece of stone found… 一块被发现的石头。 

句意：在荷兰一处海滩上发现的一块石头表明，我们已灭绝的人类近亲 —— 尼安德特人，要比过去人们所认为的更加聪慧。

34.(2025 北京卷) When ________ (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences.

答案：traveling 

考查：现在分词 doing 作状语 (状语从句省略 when+doing, 主动) 

解析：从句主语 = 主句主语 we,we 与 travel 主动，省略主语和 be, 保留 doing。 

句意：旅行的时候，我们接触不同的文化，收获多样体验。

35.(2024 北京卷) Taking the time ________ (rest) allows us to develop a deeper sense of self-awareness.

答案：to rest 

考查：不定式 to-do (固定搭配:take the time to do) 

解析：take the time to do sth. “花时间做某事”。 

句意：花时间休息，可以帮助我们建立更深的自我认知。

36.(2023 新课标 Ⅰ 卷) To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.

答案：to bite 

考查：不定式 to-do 作宾语 (结构:whether+to do) 

解析：疑问词加不定式作 decide 的宾语。 

句意：吃这种饺子时，你得做出选择：是先咬个小口放出汤汁，但有可能洒出来；还是把整个饺子塞进嘴里，让滚烫的汤汁在舌尖迸发开来。

37.(2026 新课标 Ⅰ 卷) It is also common for them ________ (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals.

答案：to be held 

考查：不定式的 to-do 被动作真正主语 (固定句型：It is +adj.+for sb. /sth. to do) 

解析：it 为形式主语，真正主语为不定式；them 指代活动，与 hold 被动关系，用 to be held。 

句意：这类活动也常在春节､中秋节等中国传统节日，以及其他地方节庆期间举办。

38.(2021 全国乙卷) Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim ________ (have) a low impact on the natural environment.

答案：to have 

考查：不定式 to-do 作动词宾语 (固定搭配:aim to do) 

解析：aim to do sth.“目标是做某事”。 

句意：那里活动包括观鲸､徒步；住宿设施力求对自然环境产生较低影响。

39.(2020 天津 3 月卷) ________(complete) in 1931, the Empire State Building, the highest skyscraper until 1954, inspired the imagination of the world.

答案：Completed 

考查：过去分词 done 作句首状语 (被动 + 完成) 

解析：the Empire State Building 与 complete (竣工) 被动，首字母大写。 

句意：帝国大厦于 1931 年竣工，在 1954 年之前它一直是最高的摩天大楼，激发了全世界的无限遐想。

40.(2025 天津 3 月卷) ________ (impress) the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation.

答案：To impress 

考查：不定式 to-do 句首作目的状语 

解析：不定式置于句首表目的 “为了……”, 首字母大写。 

句意：为了给观众留下深刻印象，演讲者准备了一份内容详实､引人入胜的演示文稿。

41.(2022 全国乙卷) ________ (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.

答案：To strengthen; inviting 

考查:①不定式 to-do 句首作目的状语；②现在分词 doing 作伴随状语 (主动) 

解析:①为了加强和年轻人的联系，不定式 To strengthen 表目的；②event 与 invite 主动，现在分词作伴随状语。 

句意：为拉近与年轻人的联系，该活动在社交媒体上开展了多项公开宣传活动，邀请全球的 29 位茶业从业者开展 36 小时不间断直播。

42.(2026 上海 6 月卷翻译题改编) Even if it is freezing cold all around, trees never cease ________ (grow), but still stand quietly and wait patiently for spring.

答案：growing 

考查：动名词 doing 作动词宾语 (固定搭配:cease doing) 

解析：cease doing sth. 停止做某事，动名词作 cease 的宾语。 

句意：即使四周天寒地冻，树木也从未停止生长，只是静静伫立，耐心等待春天到来。

43.(2023 全国甲卷) Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ________ (intend) for everyone.

答案：intended 

考查：过去分词 done 作后置定语 (固定搭配:be intended for) 

解析：message 与 intend 被动；intended for everyone 面向所有人。 

句意：简单文风背后，是一条面向所有人的严肃启示。

44.(2024 新课标 Ⅱ 卷) Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ________ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.

答案：inspired 

考查：过去分词 done 作后置定语 (被动) 

解析：pavilion 亭子与 inspire “赋予灵感” 被动，过去分词作后置定语修饰 pavilion。 

句意：两年后，一座六米高､灵感源自《牡丹亭》的亭子在第一花园落成，距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程。

45.(2020 全国 Ⅲ 卷) My mom is really ________ (concern) with the health of everyone in our families.

答案：concerned 

考查：过去分词化形容词作表语 (固定搭配:be concerned with) 

解析：固定短语 be concerned with 关心､挂念；concerned 作表语。 

句意：妈妈十分关心家里每个人的健康。

46.(2026 浙江 1 月卷) There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) ________ (finish) heating, but my mum did it.

答案：to finish 

考查：不定式 to-do 作宾语补足语 (固定搭配:wait for sb. /.sth. to do) 

解析：wait for …to do sth.“等待…… 做某事”, 不定式作宾语补足语。 

句意：很少有人能从等待微波炉加热结束这件事中获得乐趣，但我妈妈可以。

47.(2021 浙江 1 月卷) This may be due to some disadvantages for people ________ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.

答案：living 

考查：现在分词 doing 作后置定语 (主动) 

解析：people 与 live 主动；people living in the countryside 住在农村的人。 

句意：这可能源于农村居民的诸多劣势：收入教育水平偏低､健康食品成本高､运动设施匮乏。

48.(2022 天津卷) The city temperatures have returned from record low to normal, ________ (allow) the citizens to enjoy the outdoors again.

答案：allowing 

考查：现在分词 doing 作结果状语 (整件事带来自然结果) 

解析：气温恢复正常这件事，带来 “市民可以重返户外” 结果，doing 作结果状语。 

句意：这座城市气温从历史低温回归正常，市民得以重新享受户外。

49.(2025 新课标 Ⅰ 卷) We hope ________ (present) the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.

答案：to present 

考查：不定式 to-do 作动词宾语 (固定搭配 hope to do) 

解析：hope 后接不定式作宾语，hope to do sth. 希望做某事。 

句意：我们希望以可视化形式呈现颇为抽象的围棋与人工智能，同时开启与极简主义艺术､观念艺术以及表现主义的对话。

50.(2024 天津 3 月卷) The organizers had to cancel the outdoor concert due to the sudden thunderstorm, ________ (disappoint) many eager fans who had been waiting for hours.

答案：disappointing 

考查：现在分词 doing 作结果状语 (自然而然的结果) 

解析：前面整件事 (取消音乐会) 造成 “使粉丝失望” 的结果，用 doing 作结果状语。 

句意：由于突发雷暴，主办方不得不取消这场户外音乐会，令许多苦等数小时的热切粉丝大失所望。