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Samuel Morse developed an electric telegraph after learning about advances in electrical theory. Its simple design—a key, a sounder and a single connecting wire—helped it outcompete rival systems, though operators had to learn a code of dots and dashes. With help from Alfred Vail, Morse created an alphabet that let users spell out messages letter by letter.
塞缪尔・摩尔斯在了解电学理论的诸多进展后，发明了电报。这套设备构造简单：一个按键、一个发声器以及一根连接导线。这一优势让它在同类竞争系统中脱颖而出，不过操作人员必须学习一套由点和划组成的编码。在阿尔弗雷德・韦尔的协助下，摩尔斯编制出一套字母编码，使用者可以逐个字母拼写出信息。
Morse telegraphy spread rapidly in the 1850s and became a European standard, linking networks across countries. It created a professional community in which operators’ speed shaped their status and career prospects, while also opening new opportunities for rural workers and women. By Morse’s death in 1872, telegraph lines and submarine cables connected thousands of communities around the world.
19 世纪 50 年代，摩尔斯电报技术迅速普及，成为欧洲通用标准，把各国的通信网络连接在一起。电报催生了一个专业从业者群体，操作员的发报速度决定了他们的行业地位与职业前景，同时也为乡村劳动者和女性带来了新的就业机会。1872 年摩尔斯离世时，电报线路与海底电缆已经连通了全球成千上万的地区。
The telephone and automatic telegraphs challenged Morse’s role as a leading communication technology in the 1890s, but wireless radio gave the code a new purpose at sea, where ships could communicate with each other and the shore beyond visual range. Morse remained in use for maritime distress calls until countries began replacing it with the satellite-based Global Maritime Distress and Safety System, marking the end of an era.
19 世纪 90 年代，电话与自动电报的出现，动摇了摩尔斯电码作为主流通信技术的地位。但无线电的诞生为这套编码赋予了海上通信的全新用途，船舶可以在视线范围之外，实现船船、船岸通信。摩尔斯电码一直用于海上遇险呼叫，直到各国启用基于卫星的全球海上遇险与安全系统将其取代，一个时代就此落幕。
（原文在原题库）
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