金榜题名
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问
语法、词汇、短语和写作一步到位
C 篇阅读（南极海冰）
原文
While the size of Arctic sea ice has dropped by about 40 percent over 40 years, until recently, the size of the sea ice around Antarctica was slowly increasing.翻译：在 40 年间，北极海冰面积下降了约 40%，而直到不久前，南极洲周边海冰面积还在缓慢增长。成分：While 引导让步状语从句；从句主语 the size，has dropped 谓语；主句 the size 主语，was increasing 谓语短语：
Arctic sea ice 北极海冰；
drop by 下降了；
over 40 years 在 40 年间；
Antarctica 南极洲;
Then, after 2015, Antarctic ice extent fell from a record high to several record lows, losing an area as large as Greenland.翻译：2015 年之后，南极海冰覆盖面积从历史峰值跌至多次历史新低，消失的面积相当于整个格陵兰岛大小。成分：after2015 状语；Antarctic ice extent 主语，fell 谓语；losing… 现在分词作结果状语；as large as 同级比较短语：
ice extent 海冰覆盖范围；
fall from…to… 从…… 降到……；
record high 历史最高值；
record low 历史最低值
Some research has suggested that higher air temperatures may be the cause.翻译：一些研究表明，更高的气温或许是成因。成分：Some research 主语，has suggested 谓语，that 宾语从句短语：the cause 原因
However, two new studies show that ocean warming played a bigger role in this dramatic change.翻译：然而两项新研究表明，海洋变暖在这一剧烈变化中起到更大作用。成分：two new studies 主语，show 谓语，that 宾语从句短语：
ocean warming 海洋变暖；
play a bigger role in 在…… 起到更大作用；
dramatic change 剧烈变化
As part of global ocean circulation, warm saltwater moves southward from the tropics and circles Antarctica 200 metres below the surface.翻译：作为全球海洋环流的一部分，温暖的咸水从热带向南流动，在海面下 200 米环绕南极洲。成分：As part of… 状语；warm saltwater 主语，并列谓语 moves /circles短语：
global ocean circulation 全球海洋环流；
saltwater 咸水；
southward 向南；
tropics 热带地区；
below the surface 在水面之下;
But temperature and salinity records of the past 20 years suggest that this warm deep saltwater has been rising towards the surface, where it can melt sea ice.翻译：但是过去 20 年的温度与盐度记录表明，这种深层暖咸水一直在向海面上升，到海面后就会融化海冰。成分：temperature and salinity records 主语，suggest 谓语，that 宾语从句；where 引导非限定定语从句短语：
salinity 盐度；
rise towards 向…… 上升；
melt sea ice 融化海冰
Antarctica is encircled by a belt of strong winds and storms.翻译：南极洲被一圈强风与风暴带环绕。成分：Antarctica 主语，is encircled（被动谓语）；by 引出动作发出者短语：
be encircled by 被…… 环绕；
a belt of strong winds 强风带
Climate change has pushed this storm belt southward, bringing more rain and snow into the sea ice area, according to a study by Earle Wilson and other researchers at Stanford University.翻译：斯坦福大学厄尔・威尔逊等研究者的一项研究显示，气候变化推动风暴带向南移动，将更多雨雪带入海冰区域。成分：Climate change 主语，has pushed 谓语；bringing 现在分词作结果状语；according to 状语短语：push … southward 把…… 向南推动
The rain and snow create a layer of fresh surface water that better protects the bottom of the sea ice from warm deep saltwater, allowing it to grow to its 2014 record high.翻译：雨雪形成一层表层淡水，更好地保护海冰底部不受深层暖咸水侵蚀，让海冰增长至 2014 年的历史峰值。成分：The rain and snow 主语，create 谓语；that 定语从句修饰 fresh surface water；allowing 分词作结果状语短语：
a layer of 一层；
fresh surface water 表层淡水；
protect … from … 保护…… 免受；
grow to 增长至
But the same southward‑moving storm belt also brings stronger winds.翻译：但这同一道南移风暴带，也带来更强的大风。成分：storm belt 主语，brings 谓语短语：southward-moving 向南移动的
These winds blow surface water and ice forward.翻译：这些大风推动表层海水和海冰向前移动。成分：These winds 主语，blow 谓语，surface water and ice 宾语短语：blow … forward 把…… 向前吹
As this happens, warm deep saltwater rises up to fill the empty space.翻译：当这种情况发生时，深层暖咸水就会上升，填补这个空隙。成分：As 引导时间状语从句；主句 warm deep saltwater 主语，rises up 谓语，to fill 目的状语短语：
rise up 上升；
fill the empty space 填补空隙
Between 2014 and 2016, this wind‑driven rising began to get the upper hand against the protective layer of increased rain and snow, and sea ice began to melt away.翻译：2014 至 2016 年间，这种风力驱动的海水上升开始压过雨雪形成的保护层，于是海冰开始消融。成分：this wind-driven rising 主语，began 谓语；and 并列句 sea ice began…短语：
wind-driven 风力驱动的；
get the upper hand 占上风；
protective layer 保护层；
melt away 逐渐融化;
When the researchers input the recorded ocean data into a computer model, it projected that sea ice would grow and then become smaller, as it did in the real world.翻译：研究者将记录的海洋数据输入计算机模型后，模型预测海冰会先增加而后减少，和真实世界里发生的情况一致。成分：When 时间状语从句；主句 it 主语，projected 谓语，that 宾语从句；as 引导方式状语从句短语：
input … into 输入到；
computer model 计算机模型；
project v. 预测
The researchers plan to study and model other things, which also likely play roles throughout Antarctica.翻译：研究者计划研究并建模其他因素，这些因素同样可能在整个南极地区产生影响。成分：The researchers 主语，plan 谓语，to study 不定式宾语；which 非限定定语从句短语：plan to do 计划做；play roles 起作用
Examples include changes in sea ice movement and increases in ocean mixing resulting from more storms.翻译：例子包括海冰运动的变化，以及由更多风暴引发的海洋混合加剧。成分：Examples 主语，include 谓语，两个并列宾语；resulting from 后置定语短语：
result from 由…… 引起；
ocean mixing 海洋混合;
By studying the ocean data, they hope to build a model to project changes in Antarctic sea ice in the years to come.翻译：通过研究海洋数据，他们希望建立模型，预测未来南极海冰的变化。成分：By studying 状语；they 主语，hope 谓语；to build 宾语，to project 目的状语短语：in the years to come 在未来几年
C 篇 题目逐题翻译
27.Which of the following best shows the Antarctic sea ice changes around 2015?翻译：下面哪幅图最能展示 2015 年前后南极海冰的变化？原文：until recently increasing → after2015 fell from record high to record lows答案 A：先上升到峰值，之后下降A：先上升峰值后下降；B：持续上升；C：缓慢上升；D：小幅波动平稳
[28.In](28.In) which order are the following events discussed in Paragraph 3?翻译：第三段中事件的叙述顺序是？①Warm deep saltwater rises to the surface. 深层暖咸水上升至海面②A layer of fresh surface water is created. 形成表层淡水层③Surface water and ice are blown forward. 表层海水和冰被吹向前④More rain and snow are brought into the sea ice area. 更多雨雪被带入海冰区域原文顺序：④→②→③→①D. ④②③①A.②④①③ B.②④③① C.④②①③ D.④②③①
29.Which of the following is the best title for this passage?翻译：本文最佳标题是哪一项？主旨：探究南极海冰减少背后的原因B. Is this the cause of Antarctic sea ice loss?（这就是南极海冰消失的原因吗？）A. Where is Antarctic sea ice loss taking us? 海冰消失将带我们去往何处B. Is this the cause of Antarctic sea ice loss?C. Will a new model explain Antarctic sea ice melting? 新模型能否解释海冰融化（只是末尾细节，不是全文主旨）D. How does fresh surface water protect Antarctic sea ice? 淡水如何保护海冰（局部细节）
