实验研究类说明文一般分为社科类研究和自然科学研究两类，也是高考英语阅读理解的一种常见题材，着重考查考生对于语篇的理解能力以及信息处理能力，近几年高考全国卷多次涉及到这类文章。文章一般会以实验的过程进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。考生在阅读时，首先宜略读法快速浏览首尾段，分析原文的文本结构，根据英语说明文思维模式特征，作者一般都会开门见山，直奔主题。结尾通常也是中心思想的概括，并与开头相呼应。再用题干关键词定位到重点信息句方法把其他细节题各个击破。
体裁：说明文题材：人与社会主题：狄德罗效应对购物的影响
1. In 1769, in Paris,Denis Diderot, a French philosopher, wrote an essay about an unusual experience.In the essay, he described how he'd come into possession of a new, luxurious red dressing gown. But rather than make him happy, it made him miserable.
The reason Diderot's new dressing gown was making him unhappy was that its beauty and luxury clashed with his other, much shabbier possessions.Now all is discord. The overall effect is lost. There's no longer any unity or beauty. This need for unity left him with a desire to upgrade his stuff so that it matched the luxury of his new dressing gown. Soon there was a new tapestry (挂毯), new paintings, new prints, a new chair, a mirror, an expensive clock. Soon his whole apartment was completely transformed. In 1988 anthropologists Grant McCracken coined the term 'Diderot effect' to describe this desire for unity and how it shapes what we buy.
At that time many economists saw consumer goods in isolation, each one owned just for its function and utility and therefore easily replaced if a cheaper or better version came along.McCracken argued differently.Rather than looking at possessions individually, he argued the things we own reflect our identity and place in society, and for this reason, often belong in sets held together by the force of the Diderot effect. So a banker buys a Rolex to go with his BMW and bottle of Bollinger, or a hipster buys a graphic T-shirt and beard oil to go with his overpriced and under-functioning bicycle.
Now, sometimes the Diderot effect stops a consumer buying something, even if it's useful and a good price, because it doesn't fit with the set of goods that person already owns. However,if you can be tempted by one element of the set, the Diderot effect means a whole run of new purchases are likely to follow.
1. What madeDenis Diderot miserable?
A. The clash between the new gown andother possessions.
B. The lack of money forthe new gown .
C. The disagreement in the colors of the possessions.
D. The loss of the new gown’s effect .
2.What doesthe term 'Diderot effect' refer to?
A.The concept about what’s perfect.
B. The desire for unity when you consider what to buy.
C. The method ofshaping what we buy .
D. The description of consuming goods.
3.Which statement doesMcCracken agree with?
A. The consumer goods are owned just for its functionand utility.
B. The consumer goods are easily replaced if a cheaper one came along.
C. The consumer goods should be looked at individually.
D. The consumer goodsbelong in sets held togetherby some force.
4. What will happen according to the concept of'Diderot effect'?
A. A consumer will buy something if it's useful and a good price.
B. A consumer will buy whatfits with the set of goods already owned
C. A consumer will buy something that he/she does not need.
D. A consumer will buy what attracts him/her the most.
体裁：说明文题材：人与社会主题：狄德罗效应对购物的影响
【语篇导读】本文介绍了为什么我们爱“买买买”？原来是狄德罗效应对购物的影响。
1.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句The reason Diderot's new dressing gown was making him unhappy was that its beauty and luxury clashed with his other, much shabbier possessions.狄德罗的新晨袍之所以让他不高兴，是因为它的美丽和奢华与他的其他破烂得多的物品发生了冲突。可知A答案合理。
2.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段1988 anthropologists Grant McCracken coined the term 'Diderot effect' to describe this desire for unity and how it shapes what we buy.1988 年，人类学家格兰特·麦克拉肯创造了“狄德罗效应”一词，用来描述这种对一致的渴望，以及它如何影响我们的购买行为。可知B选项是正确答案。
3.D【解析】推理判断题。结合McCracken argued differently. Rather than looking at possessions individually, he argued the things we own reflect our identity and place in society, and for this reason, often belong in sets held together by the force of the Diderot effect.他没有孤立地看待所有物，他认为，我们拥有的东西反映了我们的身份和在社会中的地位，因此，这些物品往往属于由狄德罗效应的力量凝聚在一起的集合。可知，D符合题意。
4.B【解析】推理判断题。根据追后一段sometimes the Diderot effect stops a consumer buying something, even if it's useful and a good price, because it doesn't fit with the set of goods that person already owns.狄德罗效应会阻止消费者购买一些东西，即使它很有用，价格也很便宜，因为它与消费者已有的商品不匹配。可以判断答案为B。
体裁：说明文题材：人与自然主题：“黑暗基因组”与癌症检测
2. The researchers used a machine learning technique known as Artemis named for the Greek hunting goddess to discover that “junk DNA” may play a crucial role in development of tumors. Scientists have used artificial intelligence to illuminate the human body’sso-called dark genome and develop a potentially powerful newapproach to cancer detection, monitoring and treatment.
InvestigatorsatJohns Hopkins Universityin the UShave revealed how previously little-studiedrepeats of genetic code sequences — known as “junk DNA” or dark matter — are associated with tumors. The research, published inScience Translational Medicineon Wednesday, shows how AI and other advanced computing technologies are deepening understanding of diseases and how to deal with them.
The scientists reviewed more than 1,200 distinct types of repeat DNA elements comprising almost half the human genome. They found that many of these junk genetic code pieces not previously linked to cancer had changed during tumor formation.
In the researchers’ analysis of 736 genes linked to cancer formation, almost two-thirds contained on average 15 times more the number of repeat DNA sequences than expected. The findings suggested the junk pieceswere “not occurring randomly” in cancerous tissues and were instead potentially revealing markers of malignance(恶性标志物), Velculescu said. “They end up being gathered around genes that are altered in cancer in a variety of different ways, providing the first glimpse that these sequences may be key to tumor development,” he said.
“While still at an early stage, this research demonstrates how some cancers could be diagnosed earlier by detecting tumor-specific changes in cells collected from blood samples,” said Hattie Brooks, a charity’s research information manager.
Although there is still a long way to go before Artemis could be used in the clinic, it’s always exciting to see new approaches showing potential in detecting cancer sooner.
1.What is the purpose of the research?
A. To discover the “junk DNA”.B. To develop a new way to detect cancer.
C. To use artificial intelligence.D. To prevent the human’s dark genome.
2.What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A. Investigators in the US have revealed how to deal with tumors.
B. The repeats of genetic code sequences are rarely studied by scientists.
C. Science Translational Medicine belongs to Johns Hopkins University.
D. AI and other advanced computing technologies can cure cancer.
3. What does the research find?
A. The junk DNA pieces are not linked to cancer.
B. The junk DNA pieces changed tumor formation..
C. The junk DNA pieces were occurring randomly in tissues.
D. The junk DNA pieces may be critical to tumor development.
4.What does the author focus on in the last two paragraphs?
A. Providing examples.B.Explaining a concept.
C. Drawing comparisons.D. Expressing expectations.
体裁：说明文题材：人与自然主题：“黑暗基因组”与癌症检测
【语篇导读】科学家们利用人工智能揭示了人体所谓的“黑暗基因组”，并开发出一种潜在的强大的癌症检测、监测和治疗新方法。
1.B【解析】细节题。根据文章第一段的最后一句develop a potentially powerful new approach to cancer detection, monitoring and treatment内容可知是为了开发出一种潜在的强大的癌症检测、监测和治疗新方法，故选B项。
2. B【解析】细节题。根据文章第二段的"have revealed how previously little-studied repeats of genetic code sequences — known as “junk DNA” or dark matter — are associated with tumors. "这句内容可知，对于基因密码重复序列这方面以前少有研究，故选B项。
3.D【解析】细节题。根据文章第三段 “these sequences may be key to tumor developmen,"内容可知，这些序列可能是肿瘤形成的关键，故选D项。
4.D【解析】推断题。根据文章后两段可知，尽管这个技术应用于临床还有很长的路要走，但是未来可期，故选D项。
3. The Painted Wild Goose and Fish Bronze Lamp, a remarkable relic from China’s Western Han Dynasty (202 BCE – 8 CE), is one of the most celebrated artifacts at Shaanxi History Museum. Unearthed in 1985 from a Western Han tomb in Dianta Village, Shenmu County, Shaanxi, this bronze masterpiece stands 54 cm tall, with a length of 33 cm and width of 17 cm, earning it the status of a national first-class cultural relic.
Crafted with extraordinary skill, the lamp features a lifelike design: a wild goose with its neck curved back, holding a fish in its beak. Its structure consists of four detachable parts—the goose’s head, body, lampshade, and lamp tray—each serving a unique function. The surface is adorned with bright red and white patterns, enhancing its vivid appearance.
What truly distinguishes this lamp is its early "environmental awareness." The goose’s hollow belly was designed to hold water. When the lamp was lit, smoke from the burning oil would rise into the goose’s long neck, then flow down into its belly. The water stored there trapped and purified the smoke, preventing it from polluting the air—a clever solution that showcases ancient craftsmanship at its finest.
Moreover, the lampshade, connected to the lamp tray, could rotate freely, allowing adjustment of light direction to suit different needs, whether for reading, working, or illuminating a room. This blend of practicality and artistry reflects the Han Dynasty’s advanced bronze-casting techniques and the ancient Chinese philosophy of balancing beauty with functionality.
1.Which of the following is true about the Painted Wild Goose and Fish Bronze Lamp?
A. It was made in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
B. It was discovered in the 20th century.
C. It wasmainly made of clay.
D. It is kept in Shenmu County Museum.
2.The word "adorned" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. decorated
B. replaced
C. protected
D. hidden
3.Why is the lamp considered environmentally friendly?
A. It uses natural materials.
B. It can control the direction of light.
C. It traps smoke with water in the belly.
D. It has a detachable structure.
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A. The lamp was used only for decoration.
B. It shows the Han Dynasty’s advanced pottery-making skills.
C. The design of the lamp was simple.
D. Ancient Chinese were creative in making artifacts.
答案： 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D
解析：
1.细节理解题。根据第一段可知，该灯制作于西汉（Western Han Dynasty），A项错误；1985年发现，属于20世纪，B项正确；主要由铜制成，C项错误；现存于陕西历史博物馆，D项错误。故选B。
2.词义猜测题。"adorned"所在句描述灯表面有红白图案，结合语境可知是“装饰”之意，与A项"decorated"同义，B“替换”、C“保护”、D“隐藏”均不符。故选A。
3.细节理解题。第三段提到“smoke... flow down into its belly. The water stored there trapped and purified the smoke”，这是其环保性的体现，C项正确。A“天然材料”、B“控制光向”、D“可拆卸”均非环保原因。故选C。
4.推理判断题。A项“仅用于装饰”错误，灯有照明功能；B项与“advanced bronze-casting techniques”不一致；C项与“extraordinary skill”不符；D项由最后一句可推知，古人在制作中展现了创造力，正确。故选D。
4. In early February 2025, the news of renowned artist Barbie Hsu's (also known as Da S) passing away due to sepsis shocked the public. This has drawn widespread attention to this often overlooked but extremely dangerous disease.
Sepsis, also called blood poisoning, is a serious and sudden body - wide infection. It happens when harmful germs and their poisons stay in the blood all the time. Any kind of harmful germ infection can cause sepsis. When an infection occurs, the body's immune system may react in an "out - of - control" way, causing body - wide inflammation, organ damage, and even shock.
Sepsis can affect people of all ages, but some groups are more at risk. These include people with weak immune systems, like those with diabetes, cancer patients, AIDS patients, and people who take drugs that weaken the immune system for a long time. The old, babies, and people with long - term diseases such as high blood pressure and diabetes are also in great danger. Besides, people who have had surgery recently or have open cuts are more likely to get infected and develop sepsis.
The early signs of sepsis may not be clear and can be easily thought of as those of a common cold or flu. However, if the following signs appear together, you need to pay attention right away. These include a very high fever or a low body temperature (above 38.3°C or below 36°C), a fast heart rate (more than 90 beats per minute in adults), fast breathing (more than 20 breaths per minute or shortness of breath), being very tired, feeling confused, being sleepy, a big drop in the amount of urine, and pale, cold, and sweaty skin or skin rashes.
Sepsis is a very serious condition, but it can be treated. The key is to see a doctor quickly. Doctors usually take steps like using antibiotics to stop the infection from spreading, giving fluids to keep blood pressure normal and prevent organ failure, and providing organ support for very serious cases. Research shows that if patients get treatment within 6 hours, the survival rate can be as high as 80%. Otherwise, the death rate may be more than 50%.
Prevention is very important in dealing with sepsis. We should get vaccines on time, wash our hands often, keep good hygiene habits, and deal with cuts quickly. If we have cold or flu symptoms that get worse, we should see a doctor as soon as possible to stop the infection from getting worse.
1. What is the function of the first paragraph about Barbie Hsu(Da S)'s death?
A. To introduce the topic of sepsis.
B. To arouse readers' pity for Barbie Hsu.
C. To describe the seriousness of sepsis.
D. To show the influence of Barbie Hsu.
2.What is the main cause of sepsis?
A. Lack of exercise.
B. Harmful germ infection.
C. Too much stress.
D. Unhealthy eating.
3.What is the key to treating sepsis?
A. Taking antibiotics by yourself.
B. Drinking more water.
C. Getting medical help quickly.
D. Staying at home and resting.
4.What is the best way to prevent sepsis according to the text?
A. Eating more fruits and vegetables.
B. Keeping away from people with sepsis.
C. Keeping good hygiene habits and getting vaccines.
D. Taking more vitamins.
答案：1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C
1.A:文章开篇提及大S因败血症去世的消息，随后围绕败血症展开介绍，所以第一段的作用是引出败血症这一话题，A选项正确
2.B:文章第二段提到“Any kind of harmful germ infection can cause sepsis”，明确指出败血症的主要病因是有害病菌感染，所以选B。A选项缺乏锻炼、C选项压力过大、D选项不健康饮食在文中均未提及与败血症病因相关，故排除。
3.C:第五段明确指出“The key is to see a doctor quickly”，即治疗败血症的关键是尽快就医，所以选C。A选项自行服用抗生素，文中强调要在医生指导下进行治疗，自行服用抗生素不可取；B选项多喝水，文中未提及这是治疗败血症的关键；D选项在家休息，不及时就医会延误病情，不是治疗关键，所以A、B、D均不正确。4.C:根据最后一段“Prevention is very important...We should get vaccines on time, wash our hands often, keep good hygiene habits, and deal with cuts quickly”可知，预防败血症的最佳方式是按时接种疫苗、勤洗手、保持良好的卫生习惯和及时处理伤口等，C选项符合文意。A选项多吃水果和蔬菜、D选项多服用维生素在文中未提及与预防败血症相关；B选项远离败血症患者，文中未将此作为主要预防方法，所以A、B、D都不正确。
