高考英语•阅读理解:易错词汇深度精讲与检测{第1-10组}
高考英语阅读理解易错词汇深度精讲与检测
一、词汇深度精讲
第1组:affect vs effect
affect
· 词性与意思:vt.(及物动词)①影响;使改变 ②感动;触动 ③(疾病)侵袭· 真题例句:The bad weather will affect the travel plans of most tourists who want to visit the mountainous area.(恶劣天气将影响大多数想要前往山区游玩的游客的旅行计划。)· 真题例句:The sight affected her to tears.(此情此景使她感动得流泪。)· 用法搭配:be deeply affected by(被……深深感动);affect sth/sb(影响某物/某人,后直接接宾语,无介词)· 易错提醒:affect只能作动词,不能用作名词。90%学生混淆其与effect的词性。effect
· 词性与意思:n.(可数名词)①影响;效果;作用 ②结果;后果;vt.(及物动词,极少考)使发生;实现· 真题例句:Regular exercise has a positive effect on physical health and mental state of senior high school students.(规律锻炼对高中生的身体健康和精神状态有积极影响。)· 用法搭配:have an effect on(对……有影响);side effect(副作用);bring/put sth into effect(使生效);take effect(生效)· 易错提醒:effect主要作名词,常用搭配have an effect on,侧重“产生的结果、效果”,阅读中优先考虑名词词性。短语用法拓展:be related to = be associated with = be linked to = be connected with(与……有关);have a positive/negative effect on(对……有积极/消极影响)第2组:adapt vs adopt
adapt
· 词性与意思:vt.(及物动词)①使适应;使适合 ②改编;改写;vi.(不及物动词)适应(与to连用)· 真题例句:It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings.(他花了一段时间才适应新环境。)· 用法搭配:adapt to(适应,不及物);adapt oneself to(使自己适应);adapt sth for/into(把某物改编为);be adapted from(改编自)· 易错提醒:adapt后常接to,构成adapt to(适应)。adopt
· 词性与意思:vt.(及物动词)①收养 ②采纳;采用 ③正式通过· 真题例句:The old couple decided to adopt a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.(这对老夫妇尽管已有三个亲生孩子,还是决定收养一个男孩和一个女孩。)· 真题例句:A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.(在职位评估中应采用科学的标准。)· 用法搭配:adopt an approach/method/policy(采纳方法/政策);adopt a child(收养孩子);adopted child(养子/养女)短语用法拓展:a variety of + n. / varieties of + n. = various + n.(多种多样);be tired/sick of = be bored with = be fed up with(厌烦);distinguish/tell A from B(区分A和B)第3组:arise vs rise vs raise
arise
· 词性与意思:vi.(不及物动词)①(问题、困难等)出现;发生 ②起身;起立· 真题例句:In this game you were asked to work together as a team and solve problems as they arose.(在这个游戏中,要求你们作为团队一起合作,解决出现的问题。)· 用法搭配:arise from/out of(由……引起);problems/issues arise(问题出现)。无被动语态。rise
· 词性与意思:vi.(不及物动词)①上升;升起 ②增加;增长 ③起身,起床;n.(可数名词)①上升;增长 ②(工资等的)提高· 真题例句:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起。)· 真题例句:Since 1949, people‘s living standard has been raised, leading to a sharp rise in population.(自1949年以来,人民的生活水平提高了,导致了人口的大幅增长。)· 用法搭配:rise up(升起);on the rise(在上升中);give rise to(引起,导致)。无被动语态。raise
· 词性与意思:vt.(及物动词)①举起;提高 ②增加 ③抚养;养育 ④筹集(资金)⑤提出(问题)· 真题例句:Since 1949, people’s living standard has been raised, leading to a sharp rise in population.(自1949年以来,人民的生活水平被提高了,导致了人口的大幅增长。)· 用法搭配:raise money(筹款);raise a question(提出问题);raise children(抚养孩子)。有被动语态。易错提醒:arise和rise均为不及物动词,无被动语态;raise为及物动词,有被动语态。第4组:address
address
· 词性与意思:n.(可数名词)①地址;住址 ②演讲;讲话;vt.(及物动词)①向……讲话;对……发表演说 ②处理;解决 ③称呼· 真题例句:The president addressed the nation on the economic crisis last night.(总统昨晚就经济危机向全国发表讲话。)· 真题例句:We must address the problem immediately.(我们必须立即解决这个问题。)· 真题例句:You should address the judge as “Your Honor”.(你应该称呼法官为“阁下”。)· 用法搭配:address a meeting/conference(在会议上讲话);address the issue/problem(处理问题);be addressed to(寄给/针对……)· 熟词生义提醒:address在阅读理解中常考“处理;解决”这一生义,而非学生熟悉的“地址”。第5组:infer
infer
· 词性与意思:vt.(及物动词)①推断;推理 ②暗示;意味着· 真题例句:What can we infer about the author‘s attitude?(关于作者的态度我们能推断出什么?)· 真题例句:Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context.(大部分含意必须从上下文中推断。)· 用法搭配:infer sth from sth(从……推断出……);It can be inferred that...(可以推断出……)· 易错提醒:学生易混淆“推断”与“原文直接陈述”。题干中出现infer时,答案需结合上下文逻辑推断,非字面意思。第6组:acquire vs obtain vs gain
acquire
· 词性与意思:vt.(及物动词)①获得;取得 ②学到(知识、技能等)③养成(习惯)· 真题例句:He has acquired a good knowledge of biology.(他已经掌握了丰富的生物学知识。)· 用法搭配:acquire knowledge/skills(获得知识/技能);acquire a habit(养成习惯)。侧重通过长期努力逐步获得。obtain
· 真题例句:The police obtained the evidence by legal means.(警方通过法律手段获得了证据。)· 用法搭配:obtain information/permission(获得信息/许可)。表示经过相当长时间或很大努力获得期望已久的东西。gain
· 词性与意思:vt.(及物动词)①获得;赢得 ②增加;vi.(不及物动词)受益;增加;n.(可数名词)①收益;利润 ②增加· 真题例句:No pains, no gains.(不劳无获。)· 用法搭配:gain experience(获得经验);gain weight(增加体重);gain from(从……中受益)。含义比obtain进一层,表示付出更大努力才能获得。第7组:accept vs receive
accept
· 词性与意思:vt.(及物动词)①接受;收受 ②同意;认可 ③承认· 真题例句:I am pleased to accept your kind invitation.(我很高兴接受你的盛情邀请。)· 真题例句:At first I could not accept that because I didn‘t think he was telling the truth.(起初我无法接受,因为我认为他没有说实话。)· 用法搭配:accept an invitation(接受邀请);accept responsibility(承担责任);accept sth as...(承认某事为……)。指经过考虑,自己同意或愿意接受。receive
· 词性与意思:vt.(及物动词)①收到;接到 ②接待;接见· 真题例句:She received his present, but she didn’t accept it.(她收到了他的礼物,但没有接受。)· 用法搭配:receive a letter(收到一封信);receive treatment(接受治疗)。指收到的东西这个事实,并不含本人是否愿意“接受”这层意思。第8组:about(熟词生义)
about
· 词性与意思:prep.(介词)①关于 ②大约;adv.(副词)①大约 ②到处;adj.(形容词)①忙于;从事于 ②即将(be about to do)· 真题例句:She is always about her work with great enthusiasm.(她总是满怀热情地忙于自己的工作。)· 用法搭配:be about to do sth(即将做某事);be about sth(忙于某事);What/How about...?(……怎么样?)· 熟词生义提醒:about作形容词表示“忙于;从事于”,在阅读理解中常被忽视。第9组:appreciate
appreciate
· 词性与意思:vt.(及物动词)①欣赏;赏识 ②感激;感谢 ③领会;理解;vi.(不及物动词)增值· 真题例句:I deeply appreciate your help during my most difficult time.(我非常感激你在我最困难的时候给予的帮助。)· 用法搭配:appreciate doing sth(感激做某事,不接不定式);I would appreciate it if...(如果……我将不胜感激);appreciate the significance/value(领会意义/价值)· 易错提醒:appreciate后接动名词,不接动词不定式。第10组:against(熟词生义)
against
· 词性与意思:prep.(介词)①反对;违背 ②倚靠;紧靠 ③以……为背景;衬托 ④以防;防备· 真题例句:He leaned against the tree, watching the sunset slowly fade away.(他倚靠在树上,看着夕阳慢慢消逝。)· 用法搭配:lean against(倚靠);against the law(违法);against one‘s will(违背某人意愿);insurance against fire(火灾保险)· 熟词生义提醒:against除了“反对”,还常考“倚靠;衬托”以及“以防”。二、词汇默写版(答案见文末)
第1组:affect vs effect
affect
· 词性:(及物/不及物);意思:① ②____ ③____· effect
第2组:adapt vs adopt
adapt
· adopt
· 词性:(及物/不及物);意思:① ②____ ③____第3组:arise vs rise vs raise
arise
· rise
· 词性:(及物/不及物);意思:① ②____ ③____· raise
· 词性:(及物/不及物);意思:① ②____ ③____ ④____ ⑤____第4组:address
address
· 词性一:(可数/不可数);意思:① ②____· 词性二:(及物/不及物);意思:① ②____ ③____第5组:infer
infer
第6组:acquire vs obtain vs gain
acquire
· 词性:(及物/不及物);意思:① ②____ ③____· obtain
· gain
· 词性一:(及物/不及物);意思:① ②____· 词性二:(可数/不可数);意思:① ②____第7组:accept vs receive
accept
· 词性:(及物/不及物);意思:① ②____ ③____· receive
第8组:about
about
第9组:appreciate
appreciate
· 词性一:(及物/不及物);意思:① ②____ ③____第10组:against
against
· 词性:;意思:① ②____ ③____ ④____三、短语用法默写版
第1组
1. 与……有关 ____ / ____ / ____ / ____3. 对……有积极/消极影响 ____ / ____第2组
1. 适应(不及物搭配) ____ / ____ oneself ____第3组
第4组
第5组
第6组
第7组
第8组
第9组
第10组
四、检测题(100道)
题型一:单选题(1—30题,考点涵盖词义辨析、词性辨析、固定搭配、熟词生义)
1. The new policy will ______ the daily lives of millions of ordinary citizens.A. effect B. affect C. effort D. afford2. Regular exercise has a positive ______ on both physical and mental health.A. affect B. effect C. affection D. effective3. It took the exchange student a long time to ______ to the local customs.A. adopt B. adapt C. adjust D. admire4. The committee decided to ______ the new environmental protection policy.A. adapt B. adopt C. receive D. accept5. A serious problem may ______ from the lack of communication between departments.A. rise B. raise C. arise D. arouse6. The government has promised to ______ the minimum wage next year.A. rise B. arise C. raise D. arouse7. The company needs to ______ the issue of data privacy before launching the product.A. address B. dress C. express D. impress8. From the passage we can ______ that the author holds a positive attitude toward AI.A. refer B. prefer C. infer D. offer9. Children can ______ a foreign language more easily than adults.A. obtain B. gain C. acquire D. achieve10. She ______ the gift but refused to ______ it because she felt embarrassed.A. received; accept B. accepted; receiveC. received; receive D. accepted; accept11. He was ______ his homework when I called him yesterday evening.A. about B. around C. away D. above12. I would ______ it if you could reply to my email as soon as possible.A. appreciate B. thank C. enjoy D. like13. The old man leaned ______ the wall, catching his breath after the long walk.A. on B. against C. with D. upon14. The noise from the construction site ______ our work throughout the afternoon.A. effected B. affected C. afforded D. offered15. You must ______ your teaching methods to meet the needs of different students.A. adopt B. adapt C. adjust D. admit16. The sun ______ in the east and sets in the west.A. raises B. arises C. rises D. arouses17. The president will ______ the nation on the new healthcare reform tonight.A. speak B. address C. talk D. tell18. The story ______ us about the importance of protecting the environment.A. infers B. implies C. refers D. prefers19. Through years of hard work, he finally ______ the position he had always dreamed of.A. acquired B. obtained C. gained D. received20. I am pleased to ______ your invitation to attend the opening ceremony.A. receive B. accept C. admit D. adopt21. The scientist ______ the data carefully before drawing any conclusions.A. analyzed B. addressed C. inferred D. appreciated22. She has ______ a habit of reading English aloud every morning.A. obtained B. gained C. acquired D. received23. The company’s profits have been on the ______ for three consecutive years.A. raise B. rise C. arise D. arouse24. Several problems ______ during the discussion, which delayed the decision.A. raised B. rose C. arose D. aroused25. I really ______ your timely help when I was in trouble.A. appreciate B. thank C. enjoy D. like26. She ______ his proposal, saying she needed more time to think about it.A. received B. accepted C. admitted D. adopted27. The law was ______ to protect consumers from false advertising.A. effected B. affected C. impacted D. influenced28. What does the author ______ by saying “the tip of the iceberg”?A. infer B. imply C. refer D. prefer29. He is always ______ his work and has little time for entertainment.A. about B. around C. above D. against30. The new regulation will come into ______ next month.A. affect B. effect C. affection D. effectiveness1.B 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.C 10.A11.A 12.A 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.B 18.B 19.B 20.B21.A 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.B 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.B题型二:判断题(31—50题,判断下列句子中加粗词汇的使用是否正确,正确写T,错误写F)
31. The heavy rain affected the outdoor concert, so it was cancelled. ( )32. The medicine had a positive affect on the patient‘s recovery. ( )33. The manager decided to adapt a new marketing strategy. ( )34. It took her a few weeks to adopt to the new working environment. ( )35. A new problem arose during the meeting. ( )36. The company has decided to rise the prices of its products. ( )37. We must address the issue of climate change immediately. ( )38. From the data we can infer that sales will continue to increase. ( )39. He acquired a good knowledge of Chinese history through extensive reading. ( )40. She received the job offer but decided not to accept it. ( )41. The child is about to watch TV when his mother called him. ( )42. I would appreciate it if you could give me a hand. ( )43. The old man stood against the wall to rest for a while. ( )44. The new policy will have a great affect on small businesses. ( )45. She adapted the novel into a successful screenplay. ( )46. The government plans to raise awareness about environmental protection. ( )47. The professor will address a speech at tomorrow’s conference. ( )48. We can infer from the passage that technology plays a key role. ( )49. He gained valuable experience during his internship. ( )50. The committee will accept the proposal if it meets the requirements. ( )31.T 32.F(affect→effect) 33.F(adapt→adopt) 34.F(adopt→adapt) 35.T36.F(rise→raise) 37.T 38.T 39.T 40.T41.F(about→about to,需加to) 42.T 43.T 44.F(affect→effect) 45.T46.T 47.F(address a speech→give/deliver a speech) 48.T 49.T 50.T题型三:改错题(51—70题,找出并改正下列句子中的错误)
51. The bad weather will effect the travel plans of most tourists.52. Regular exercise has a positive affect on our health.53. It took the new student a long time to adopt to the school environment.54. The company decided to adapt the new policy proposed by the board.55. A new problem raised during the discussion yesterday.56. The government plans to rise the minimum wage next year.57. We must address the environmental problem immediate.58. From the passage we can refer that the author is optimistic about the future.59. She has obtained a good knowledge of English through years of study.60. I received his invitation but I didn‘t accept it because I was busy.61. I deeply appreciate you to help me during my most difficult time.62. He leaned on the tree, watching the sunset slowly fade away.63. The new regulation will come into affect next month.64. She is always about her work with great enthusiasm.65. The problem arose from the lack of communication between departments.66. I would appreciate if you could reply to my email as soon as possible.67. The old couple decided to adapt a child from the orphanage.68. What does the author infer by saying “the tip of the iceberg”?69. Through hard work, he gained the position he had always dreamed of.70. The medicine had no affect on the patient’s condition.57. immediate→immediately60. 正确(received和accept均使用正确)61. you to help→your helping66. appreciate→appreciate it题型四:翻译题(71—85题,将下列句子翻译成英语)
72. 规律锻炼对高中生的身体健康和精神状态有积极影响。79. 通过广泛阅读,他掌握了丰富的中国历史知识。71. The bad weather will affect the travel plans of most tourists.72. Regular exercise has a positive effect on the physical health and mental state of senior high school students.73. It took him a while to adapt (himself) to the new environment.74. The old couple decided to adopt a girl.75. A new problem arose during the meeting.76. The government has promised to raise the minimum wage next year.77. We must address the environmental problem immediately.78. From the passage we can infer that the author is optimistic.79. He acquired a good knowledge of Chinese history through extensive reading.80. She received his gift but didn‘t accept it.81. I would appreciate it if you could give me a hand.82. He leaned against the tree, watching the sunset slowly fade away.83. She is always about her work with great enthusiasm.85. The new regulation will come into effect next month.题型五:选词并用正确形式填空(86—100题,从括号中选择合适的词并用其正确形式填空)
86. The bad weather will ______ (affect/effect) the outdoor sports meeting.87. Regular exercise has a positive ______ (affect/effect) on our health.88. It took the exchange student a few months to ______ (adapt/adopt) to the new culture.89. The committee decided to ______ (adapt/adopt) the new proposal.90. A serious problem ______ (arise/rise/raise) from the lack of funding last year.91. The government has decided to ______ (arise/rise/raise) the tax rate.92. We must ______ (address/express) the problem of food safety immediately.93. From the statistics we can ______ (infer/refer) that the economy is recovering.94. He ______ (acquire/obtain) a good knowledge of computer science through self-study.95. She ______ (receive/accept) the package but refused to ______ (receive/accept) it because it was sent to the wrong address.96. He ______ (lean) against the wall, waiting for his friend to arrive.97. I would ______ (appreciate/thank) it if you could turn down the music.98. The child is ______ (about/around) to go to bed when his father came back.99. Several issues ______ (arise/rise) during the meeting, which needed immediate attention.100. The new law will come into ______ (affect/effect) on January 1st.五、默写版答案
第1组:affect vs effect
affect
· 词性:vt.(及物动词);意思:①影响;使改变 ②感动;触动 ③(疾病)侵袭· effect
· 词性:n.(可数名词);意思:①影响;效果;作用 ②结果;后果第2组:adapt vs adopt
adapt
· 词性:vt.(及物动词);意思:①使适应 ②改编;vi.(不及物动词)适应· adopt
· 词性:vt.(及物动词);意思:①收养 ②采纳;采用 ③正式通过第3组:arise vs rise vs raise
arise
· 词性:vi.(不及物动词);意思:①(问题等)出现;发生 ②起身· rise
· 词性:vi.(不及物动词);意思:①上升;升起 ②增加;增长 ③起身;n.(可数名词)①上升 ②提高· raise
· 词性:vt.(及物动词);意思:①举起;提高 ②增加 ③抚养 ④筹集 ⑤提出第4组:address
address
· 词性一:n.(可数名词);意思:①地址 ②演讲· 词性二:vt.(及物动词);意思:①向……讲话 ②处理;解决 ③称呼第5组:infer
infer
· 词性:vt.(及物动词);意思:①推断;推理 ②暗示第6组:acquire vs obtain vs gain
acquire
· 词性:vt.(及物动词);意思:①获得 ②学到 ③养成· obtain
· gain
· 词性一:vt.(及物动词);意思:①获得;赢得 ②增加· 词性二:n.(可数名词);意思:①收益;利润 ②增加第7组:accept vs receive
accept
· 词性:vt.(及物动词);意思:①接受 ②同意;认可 ③承认· receive
· 词性:vt.(及物动词);意思:①收到;接到 ②接待;接见第8组:about
about
· 词性三:adj.;意思:①忙于;从事于 ②即将第9组:appreciate
appreciate
· 词性一:vt.(及物动词);意思:①欣赏 ②感激 ③领会第10组:against
against
· 词性:prep.;意思:①反对;违背 ②倚靠;紧靠 ③以……为背景;衬托 ④以防;防备第1组:1. be related to / be associated with / be linked to / be connected with;2. have an effect on / affect;3. have a positive/negative effect on第2组:1. adapt to / adapt...to;2. adapt sth for/into;3. adopt an approach/method/policy;4. adopt a child第3组:1. arise from / arise out of;2. on the rise;3. give rise to;4. raise money;5. raise a question;6. raise children第4组:1. address a meeting/conference;2. address the issue/problem;3. be addressed to第5组:1. infer sth from sth;2. It can be inferred that...第6组:1. acquire knowledge/skills;2. acquire a habit;3. obtain information/permission;4. No pains, no gains;5. gain experience;6. gain weight第7组:1. accept an invitation;2. accept responsibility;3. receive a letter;4. receive treatment第8组:1. be about to do sth;2. be about sth;3. What/How about...?第9组:1. appreciate doing sth;2. I would appreciate it if...第10组:1. lean against;2. against the law;3. against one‘s will;4. insurance against fire
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