Keeping Healthy at Work|职场健康指南
Reading Passage 1|(考场真题)
Questions 1–5:判断题
Questions 6–13:填空题
建议:先限时20m完成整篇,再回来一起逐段精读。



逐段精读
Paragraph A|雇主的责任,正在从安全延伸到身心健康
Being a responsible employer in New Zealand used to require a fairly short checklist: a regular salary or wages, a safe working environment, and that was about it. But these days, the checklist is growing, and companies are increasingly expected to play a much greater role in the health and wellbeing of their employees. Definitions of workplace wellness or wellbeing vary, but the World Health Organisation's definition extends the employer's responsibilities beyond safety concerns and into the wider workplace environment. Today, this means things like the boss making sure their staff aren't bored or feeling undervalued, and company trying to minimise the pressure and tensions that are experienced in the workplace. It could also involve providing 'wellness programmes' that consider all these factors and help staff to lead healthier lifestyles.
段落大意|先对比过去与现在,再解释 workplace wellness:员工不仅要免于受伤,也要减少压力、感到被重视,并拥有更健康的生活方式。
a responsible employer 负责任的雇主;employer 是雇主,employee 是雇员。
used to require 过去需要;used to do 表示过去的情况。
wellbeing / wellness 身心健康、良好状态;本文不只指身体没有疾病。
extend ... beyond ... 使……超出……的范围。
feel undervalued 感到未受到应有的重视;under- 表示不足。
minimise the pressure and tensions 尽量减轻压力与紧张。
lead healthier lifestyles 过上更健康的生活。
核心句:Definitions of workplace wellness or wellbeing vary, but the World Health Organisation's definition extends the employer's responsibilities beyond safety concerns and into the wider workplace environment.
抓主干:Definitions vary, but the definition extends the responsibilities. 不同人的定义有差异,但世卫组织的定义把雇主责任的范围扩大了。
看范围:beyond safety concerns 与 into the wider workplace environment 连用,说明从安全问题延伸到更广泛的工作环境。后面的 bored、undervalued、pressure and tensions 是具体解释,不是另外的话题。
理解时间对比:used to ... / But these days ... 把旧标准与新要求对照起来。
Q1|NOT GIVEN
题干比较 New Zealand 与 many other countries 的 workplace safety record。A 段虽提到 a safe working environment,却没有比较各国的安全记录。出现同一话题,不等于提供了比较信息。 找不到比较依据,不能判 TRUE;没有相反比较,也不能判 FALSE。
Q2|TRUE
定位:the World Health Organisation's definition extends the employer's responsibilities ...;随后用 company trying to minimise the pressure and tensions 解释具体责任。
对应:be responsible for reducing workers’ stress ↔ 雇主责任扩大 + minimise the pressure and tensions。today 与原文 Today 也一致。
过去,在新西兰做一个负责任的雇主,通常只需满足一份相当简短的清单:按时支付薪水或工资,提供安全的工作环境,基本也就这些了。但如今,这份清单越来越长,人们越来越期待企业在员工的健康与福祉方面发挥更大的作用。对于工作场所的健康或福祉,人们的定义各有不同,但世界卫生组织的定义把雇主的责任从安全问题扩展到了更广泛的工作环境。如今,这意味着老板要确保员工不会感到无聊或不受重视,公司也要设法尽量减轻工作场所中的压力和紧张。它还可能包括提供综合考虑这些因素的“健康促进计划”,帮助员工养成更健康的生活方式。
Paragraph B|多数企业支持,法律也提出更广泛的要求
This approach has found some support among employers in New Zealand. The organisation Business NZ conducted research in 2013 that found that 9 out of 10 businesses believed employee wellbeing and contentment was either desirable or a priority. It was also found that 61% of New Zealand companies with more than 100 employees now have a wellness programme. Others may join in since the Health and Safety at Work Act came into being. The emphasis of the law is still on preventing physical injury at work, but a spokesperson says that a significant focus is now also the need for employers to take an active role in the wider health and wellbeing of staff.
段落大意|用企业调查说明这一理念获得支持,再补充法律的推动作用:防止身体伤害仍是重点,但员工整体健康也进入雇主责任范围。
conducted research 开展了研究;conduct 可搭配 research、a survey。
9 out of 10 businesses 十家企业中有九家,即九成。
contentment 满足感、满意状态。
desirable 值得追求的、令人向往的。
a priority 优先事项。
came into being 开始存在、形成;此处指法律出台。
take an active role in 在……中发挥积极作用。
核心句:The organisation Business NZ conducted research in 2013 that found that 9 out of 10 businesses believed employee wellbeing and contentment was either desirable or a priority.
分层读:Business NZ conducted research 是主干;第一个 that 引导定语从句,修饰 research;found 后的 that 引出研究发现;believed 后的内容说明企业的态度。
either ... or ... 连接 desirable 与 a priority:企业要么认为员工福祉与满足感值得追求,要么把它们列为优先事项。两者都属于正面态度。
别混淆两组比例:9 out of 10 说的是企业态度;61% 说的是员工超过100人的新西兰企业中,已有健康促进计划的比例。调查对象与统计内容都不能互换。
Q3|TRUE
定位:9 out of 10 businesses believed employee wellbeing and contentment was either desirable or a priority。
数量对应:most companies ↔ 9 out of 10 businesses。态度对应:want their employees to feel positive about their work ↔ 认为员工 wellbeing and contentment 值得追求或应优先考虑。
这是企业对员工状态的期待,不是已经有九成员工对工作满意。61% 说的是计划覆盖情况,不是本题需要的证据。
这种做法在新西兰雇主中得到了一定支持。Business NZ 组织在2013年开展的一项研究发现,十家企业中有九家认为,员工的福祉和满足感要么值得追求,要么应列为优先事项。研究还发现,在员工超过100人的新西兰企业中,目前有61%设立了健康促进计划。随着《工作健康与安全法》的出台,其他企业也可能加入。该法律的重点仍是防止工作中的身体伤害,但一位发言人表示,如今另一项重要关注点是:雇主需要在员工更广泛的健康与福祉方面发挥积极作用。
Paragraph C|有计划还不够,关键是带来实际改变
Kelly Davis Martin is the director of Achieve Wellness, which helps companies set up wellness programmes. She says the increase in companies looking to set up programmes is positive, but she would like to see a lot more being done. ‘We need to make sure these programmes are worthwhile and contribute to real change,’ she says. This is supported by data from the Productivity Commission, which shows that New Zealanders work as hard as employees in other western countries, but produce less. This means that they need to work smarter, not harder, and wellness programmes might help with that.
段落大意|专业人士肯定计划数量增长,但认为还需做得更多。生产力数据把讨论从“工作多努力”转向“工作是否更有效”。
set up wellness programmes 建立健康促进计划。
worthwhile 值得做的、有价值的;强调投入带来的价值。
contribute to real change 促成实际改变;to 后接名词或动名词。
be supported by data 得到数据支持。
the Productivity Commission 生产力委员会。
work smarter, not harder 更聪明、更有效地工作,而非一味更加卖力。
核心句:She says the increase in companies looking to set up programmes is positive, but she would like to see a lot more being done.
找评价转折:前半句肯定“想建立计划的公司增多”;but 后指出“希望看到更多行动”。positive 不代表她认为现状已经足够。
主干拆解:the increase ... is positive;looking to set up programmes 修饰 companies,表示有意建立计划的公司。a lot more being done 指更多事情得到落实。
读数据后的解释:work as hard ... but produce less 描述投入与产出不匹配。紧接着的 This means 才提出结论:work smarter, not harder。文末 might help 保留可能性,没有保证健康计划一定提高生产力。
Q4|FALSE
定位:she would like to see a lot more being done。
题干 doing enough 意为“已经做得足够”;原文希望还要做得多得多,明确相反。不要只读前面的 positive 就判 TRUE。
Q5|FALSE
定位链:New Zealanders work as hard as employees in other western countries, but produce less → This means that they need to work smarter, not harder。
题干把改进方向写成 working more hours;原文强调改进工作方式与效率,而非继续增加工作投入。这里需要连读数据和紧接着的解释,不能仅凭 produce less 推出“应该增加工时”。
Kelly Davis Martin 是 Achieve Wellness 的负责人,这家公司帮助企业建立健康促进计划。她说,越来越多的公司打算建立这类计划,这是积极的变化,但她希望看到更多行动。“我们需要确保这些计划有价值,并能促成实际改变,”她说。生产力委员会的数据也支持这一点:新西兰人的工作努力程度不亚于其他西方国家的员工,但产出却更少。这意味着他们需要更聪明、更有效地工作,而不是一味更加卖力,健康促进计划可能会对此有所帮助。
Paragraph D|两家公司的实践:让员工参与,也让员工感到被重视
Insurance provider Accident Compensation Corporation is one New Zealand organisation that has recently set up a wellness programme. The first initiative involves the 2,000 staff taking part in a special challenge, where teams compete with each other to see who can walk the furthest in a week. A spokesperson says there is no single reason behind the programme, except that it is an essential part of keeping staff healthy. Phone company 2degrees Mobile also began its first wellness programme recently. Manager Sarah Friis says the company was looking to increase staff engagement and show employees they were of value. The company has close to 800 employees, and its programme was established by eight volunteers from around the business. A range of initiatives were included in the programme, such as sports events and team challenges, and vaccinations were offered against things like influenza for which there was no charge. This year 2degrees has taken professional advice, but Friis says their programme is still internally run because this is vital to keeping the energy going and getting feedback on what is working and what needs to changed. It now has an online facility which allows employees to keep up to date with all the latest advice on health and wellness. Two years in, Friis says one of the obvious benefits is a sense of greater unity, which she believes has been achieved by all staff eating a healthy lunch as a group every now and again. A more measurable benefit was shown in the 2degrees staff survey, which the company conducts every year, showing that more staff now recognise that 2degrees cares about the wellness of its employees.
段落大意|ACC 用每周步行挑战鼓励运动;2degrees 将体育活动、免费疫苗接种、线上建议和集体午餐纳入计划,并通过年度调查观察员工反馈。
initiative 新举措、计划;文中指具体的健康促进活动。
compete with each other 相互竞争。
staff engagement 员工投入度、参与度。
were of value 有价值、受到重视;be of + 抽象名词可说明特征。
vaccinations 疫苗接种;与表示流感的 influenza 区分。
for which there was no charge 对此不收取费用。
internally run 由内部人员运营。
keep up to date with 及时了解……的最新情况。
a sense of greater unity 更强的团结感。
every now and again 时不时、偶尔。
a measurable benefit 可衡量的益处。
句子一:A range of initiatives were included in the programme, such as sports events and team challenges, and vaccinations were offered against things like influenza for which there was no charge.
抓两组被动:initiatives were included;vaccinations were offered。against things like influenza 说明接种针对什么疾病;no charge 说明这项接种服务免费。不要因 influenza 离空格线索近就选它,疾病不是企业免费提供的服务。
句子二:Two years in, Friis says one of the obvious benefits is a sense of greater unity, which she believes has been achieved by all staff eating a healthy lunch as a group every now and again.
Two years in 表示项目实施两年后。主干是 one of the obvious benefits is a sense of greater unity。which 引出对这一益处的补充;she believes 插入她的判断;by 后说明实现途径:员工偶尔一起吃健康午餐。
Q6|walk
定位:teams compete ... to see who can walk the furthest in a week。题干 the distances 对应 the furthest;weekly 对应 in a week。staff 后需要动作,填原文动词 walk。
Q7|vaccinations
定位:vaccinations were offered against things like influenza for which there was no charge。given 对应 offered,free 对应 no charge。提供的是 vaccinations,预防的是 influenza。原文复数照录;ONE WORD ONLY 也排除了 influenza vaccinations 两词组合。
Q8|lunch
定位:all staff eating a healthy lunch as a group every now and again。have ... together 对应 eating ... as a group;sometimes 对应 every now and again。空格问一起吃什么,填 lunch。
Q9|survey
定位:the 2degrees staff survey, which the company conducts every year。annual 对应 every year;an annual 后需要可数单数名词 survey。调查显示更多员工认可公司关心其健康,构成题干 support the programme 的依据;不要误写成“所有员工都支持”。
提供保险服务的 Accident Compensation Corporation 是新西兰近期建立健康促进计划的机构之一。首项举措是一项特别挑战,2000名员工参与其中,各团队相互竞争,看谁能在一周内走得最远。一位发言人说,推行计划并非出于某一个单独原因,只是因为它是保持员工健康的重要组成部分。电话公司 2degrees Mobile 最近也启动了首个健康促进计划。经理 Sarah Friis 表示,公司希望提高员工投入度,并让员工知道自己受到重视。公司有近800名员工,计划由来自企业不同部门的八名志愿者建立。计划包含一系列举措,例如体育活动和团队挑战,也提供针对流感等疾病的免费疫苗接种。今年,2degrees 听取了专业建议,但 Friis 表示,计划仍由公司内部运营,因为这对于保持活力,以及了解哪些做法有效、哪些需要调整至关重要。公司现在有一个线上平台,让员工随时了解最新的健康与福祉建议。项目实施两年后,Friis 表示,一个明显益处是员工更团结了;她认为,这来自全体员工时不时一起享用健康午餐。2degrees 每年开展的员工调查显示了一个更可量化的益处:现在有更多员工认识到,公司关心员工的健康与福祉。
Paragraph E|从咨询服务扩展到运动、牙科和减糖挑战
One further New Zealand company that is developing its wellness programme is Sovereign Insurance. CEO Symon Brewis-Weston says that when he started at the company, the existing programme was satisfactory, with a number of employees using the opportunity to receive counselling. But he wanted more people to become involved and decided to include activities that created more staff interest. So the new scheme offers financial contributions for employee sports’ teams and discounts on the likes of dental treatment. The company also has quarterly wellbeing challenges, including one where staff cut down on sugar and got tips on ways to reduce their daily intake. About 50% of staff took part, says Brewis-Weston.
段落大意|Sovereign 的旧计划已提供咨询服务,新负责人希望吸引更多员工参与,因此增加运动资助、牙科折扣和定期健康挑战。
satisfactory 令人满意的、达到要求的。
counselling 咨询辅导,常指心理或个人问题方面的支持;通常作不可数名词。
become involved 参与进来。
financial contributions 资金支持、资助。
discounts on ……方面的折扣。
dental treatment 牙科治疗。
quarterly 每季度的;不是每月或每年。
cut down on sugar 减少糖的摄入。
daily intake 每日摄入量。
核心句:The company also has quarterly wellbeing challenges, including one where staff cut down on sugar and got tips on ways to reduce their daily intake.
主干:The company has challenges。including one 补充其中一个挑战;where 引导定语从句,描述员工在这一挑战中做什么。
并列动作:staff cut down on sugar and got tips。员工一方面减少糖摄入,另一方面获得减少每日摄入量的建议。their daily intake 在此承接 sugar,不能脱离前文理解成减少所有食物摄入。
抓新旧对比:existing programme 对应 counselling;new scheme 对应运动资助与牙科折扣。旧计划 satisfactory 不代表没有改进空间,新负责人明确希望让更多人参与。
Q10|counselling
定位:the existing programme ... a number of employees ... receive counselling。old programme 对应 existing programme;some staff 对应 a number of employees。照录 counselling,不改成 counsellor,也不加复数 s。
Q11|dental
定位:discounts on the likes of dental treatment。at reduced cost 对应 discounts;care 对应 treatment。空格位于 care 前,需要说明服务类型,填 dental。不要把 dental treatment 两词一起填入。
Q12|sugar
定位:staff cut down on sugar and got tips on ways to reduce their daily intake。consume less 对应 cut down on / reduce ... intake;advice 对应 tips。题目问减少摄入什么,填 sugar。
另一家正在发展健康促进计划的新西兰公司是 Sovereign Insurance。首席执行官 Symon Brewis-Weston 表示,他刚加入公司时,已有的计划尚令人满意,不少员工利用这一机会接受咨询辅导。但他希望有更多人参与,于是决定加入更能激发员工兴趣的活动。因此,新方案为员工运动队提供资金支持,并为牙科治疗等服务提供折扣。公司还开展每季度一次的健康挑战,其中一项鼓励员工减少糖摄入,并向他们提供降低每日摄入量的方法建议。Brewis-Weston 表示,大约50%的员工参加了这项活动。
Paragraph F|结尾转折:计划受欢迎,不等于效果得到保证
Interestingly, however, some research from the USA, where wellness programmes have been in place much longer, suggests that the initiatives are not always as impressive as you might think. One study suggests that participants lost an average of less than half a kilogram a year, and that there were no significant reductions in the costs involved when it is necessary for employees to go to hospital for care. Meanwhile, the US book Surviving Workplace Wellness suggests that done badly, the programmes waste money and upset staff who feel they are made to take too many unnecessary tests. Given these findings, New Zealand companies will have to work hard to make sure their own wellness programmes achieve more success.
段落大意|美国经验提醒读者保持审慎:减重幅度有限,住院费用未显著下降,实施不当还可能浪费资金、引发员工反感。
have been in place 已经实施、已运行。
not always as impressive as ... 并非总像……那样出色;属于有限否定。
an average of 平均……。
significant reductions 显著减少。
done badly 如果实施不当;省略结构。
are made to take 被要求接受;be made to do 表示被迫或被要求做某事。
unnecessary tests 不必要的检查。
Given these findings 鉴于这些研究发现。
核心句:Meanwhile, the US book Surviving Workplace Wellness suggests that done badly, the programmes waste money and upset staff who feel they are made to take too many unnecessary tests.
主干:the book suggests that the programmes waste money and upset staff。that 后是该书提出的观点;done badly 可理解为 if the programmes are done badly,限定“实施不当”这一条件。
修饰关系:who feel ... 修饰 staff;they are made to take ... 是员工感到自己被要求接受过多检查。主动结构 make somebody do,变为被动时是 somebody is made to do,to 要恢复。
控制结论强度:not always impressive 不是“从来无效”;no significant reductions 不是“费用一分钱也没下降”;done badly 也不等于“所有计划都做得很差”。结尾要求新西兰企业努力提高成效,并未主张放弃全部计划。
Q13|tests
定位:upset staff who feel they are made to take too many unnecessary tests。
题干 do not like 对应 upset / feel they are made to;the number of 对应 too many。空格需要可数复数,原文是 tests,不能写成 test。
本题小标题已从 Sovereign Insurance 切换到 Programmes in the USA,定位也要随之移到 F 段。前一条住院费用提示对应 no significant reductions in the costs ... go to hospital for care,帮助确认找对了段落。
不过,有意思的是,美国的健康促进计划已实施了更长时间,而当地一些研究表明,这些举措未必总像人们想象得那么出色。一项研究显示,参与者每年平均减重不足半公斤,而且当员工需要住院接受治疗时,相关费用并没有显著降低。同时,美国的一本书《Surviving Workplace Wellness》指出,这类计划如果实施不当,会浪费资金,还会让员工感到不快,因为他们觉得自己被要求接受过多不必要的检查。鉴于这些发现,新西兰企业必须付出努力,确保自己的健康促进计划取得更好的成效。
答案汇总
1 NOT GIVEN 2 TRUE 3 TRUE4 FALSE 5 FALSE
6 walk7 vaccinations8 lunch9 survey10 counselling11 dental12 sugar13 tests
同义替换
Q2 reducing workers’ stress↔ minimise the pressure and tensions
Q3 most companies↔ 9 out of 10 businesses
Q6 weekly / the distances↔ in a week / the furthest
Q7 are given free ...↔ were offered ... / there was no charge
Q8 sometimes / together↔ every now and again / as a group
Q9 annual↔ every year
Q10 old programme / some staff↔ existing programme / a number of employees
Q11 care at reduced cost↔ discounts on ... treatment
Q12 advice / consume less↔ tips / cut down on ... / reduce ... intake
Q13 the number of ...↔ too many ...
10 个值得带走的词 / 短语
01 play a much greater role in 在……中发挥更大作用
02 feel undervalued 感到不受重视
03 lead healthier lifestyles 过上更健康的生活
04 take an active role in 在……中发挥积极作用
05 contribute to real change 促成实际改变
06 staff engagement 员工投入度
07 keep up to date with 及时了解……的最新情况
08 a more measurable benefit 更可衡量的益处
09 financial contributions 资金支持
10 Given these findings 鉴于这些研究发现
✍️ 今日打卡
今天用下面这个表达造一句:
keep up to date with及时了解……的最新情况
把你的句子留在评论区,明天我们会放参考答案和常见错误。
如果你刷了不少题,分数却一直上不去,可能真正需要解决的不是“刷题量”,而是找到自己的卡分点。关注公众号发送 “阅读” 两个字,看看你到底卡在哪里。

这里是「将来时」
每天用真实雅思材料一起练:
阅读精读 | 听力精听 | 写作拆解 | 口语表达
不只是知道答案。
更重要的是:
读懂原文,也看懂雅思是怎么从原文变成题目的。
将来时,从现在开始。