考研英语||真题实战·2020英语二Text 2:CEO高薪到底合不合理?五题逐题带练

四季读书网 2026-10-01 10:09:34 11 0

🎧 本篇主旨·先听我梳理一分钟　

上一篇（2020 英语二 Text1，老鼠与机器人）带你走了一遍三步法。这次换一篇议论文——2020 英语二 Text 2，CEO 薪酬。题型结构和上一篇几乎一样：4 道细节 + 1 道主旨，但议论文的排除难度比科技报道高——干扰项不再是"张冠李戴"这么直白，而是"听起来什么都对，就是原文没说"。

还是那个三秒钟的动作：先标段落号。这篇全文 5 段，结构干净，正好练"题文同序"。

第一步实战：30 秒抓住主旨

扫 5 题题干，反复出现的词：CEO pay（26 题.pay rise / 28 题.pay rising / 29 题.High CEO pay）——主题锁定：CEO 薪酬为什么高、高得有没有道理。

30 题是标题题（主旨题变体），连它的 4 个选项一起扫——A 说 Not Overpaid（没被高薪）、B 说 Past and Present、C 说 Challenges——方向基本清楚了。

全文脉络（5 段）：

2020-Text 2

It is true that CEO pay has gone up—top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates, gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about $18.9 million a year.

The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America’ s highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy.It’s not popular to say. but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S. economy.

Today’ s CEO, at least for major American firms, must have many mere skills than simply being able to “run the company.” CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should trade in them .They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slipup can be significant. Then there’s the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling. Plus, virtually all major American companies are becoming tech companies, one way or another. Beyond this, major CEOs still have to do all the day-to-day work they have always done.

The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn’t explain history very well.By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s.Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.

Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks, another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company.And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.

21.Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?

[A]The growth in the number of corporations.

[B]The general pay rise with a better economy.

[C]Increased business opportunities for top firms.

[D]Close cooperation among leading economies.

22.Compared with their predecessors, today’ s CEOs are required to.

[A]foster a stronger sense of teamwork

[B]finance more research and development

[C]establish closer ties with tech companies

[D]operate more globalized companies

23.CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite..

[A]continual internal opposition

[B]strict corporate governance

[C]conservative business strategies

[D]repeated government warnings

24.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps.

[A]confirm the status of CEOs

[B]motive inside candidates

[C]boost the efficiency of CEOs

[D]increase corporate value

25.The most suitable title for this text would be.

[A]CEOs Are Not Overpaid

[B]CEO Pay: Past and Present

[C]CEOs’ Challenges of Today

[D]CEO Traits:Not Easy to Define

① 现象：薪酬飞涨（300 倍 / 500% / 1890 万美元）→ ② 市场端解释：机会涨得快、人才有限 → ③ 技能端解释：金融、公关、全球化、技术，要求全面升级 → ④ 反驳"坑人说"：治理越严薪酬越涨，说明高薪符合公司利益 → ⑤ 再补两个反证：最高薪给外部候选人、薪酬挂钩股价时股市叫好

开篇是"数字轰炸"型——第 1 段三个数据砸出现象，第 2 段 The best model for understanding... 亮出作者的解释框架。议论文的主旨藏在作者反驳的对象里：第 4 段开头 The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well——作者从头到尾都在论证一件事：

CEO 高薪不是坑人，是有支撑的。

考研英语||真题实战·2020英语二Text 2:CEO高薪到底合不合理?五题逐题带练-第1张图片-四季读书网

26. 细节题 —— C

陷阱：A（公司数量增长）、B（经济好转整体涨薪）、D（主要经济体合作）——三个都是"听起来跟 CEO 涨薪有关"的宏观说法，充满经济评论的既视感，但原文一个都没说。这是议论文里最典型的一类干扰：用常识合理性替代原文依据。

怎么破：题干问什么促成了 pay rise → 锁第 2 段第一句。

The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly.

注意这句的模型是"两端"：机会在涨 + 人才有限。选项里只要抓住机会端就行。

[A] 公司数量增长 ❌ 原文说的是"顶级公司的机会在涨"，不是公司数量在涨（偷换概念）
[B] 经济好转带动整体涨薪 ❌ 原文无（无中生有）
[C] Increased business opportunities for top firms ✅ 原句直接改写
[D] 主要经济体密切合作 ❌ 原文无（无中生有）

27. 细节题 —— D

陷阱：C 最险——原文第 3 段确实出现了 tech companies，但说的是"所有大公司都在变成科技公司"，不是"跟科技公司建立联系"。词对、事不对，专钓只扫到关键词没读透句子的学生。

怎么破：Compared with their predecessors → 锁第 3 段。这段列举了今天 CEO 要比前任多会的东西：金融、公关、全球化、技术。逐个找选项的落点——只有 D 在原文有直接支撑。

Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries.

[A] 更强的团队合作意识 ❌ 原文无（无中生有）
[B] 资助更多研发 ❌ 原文无（无中生有）
[C] 与科技公司建立更紧密联系 ❌ 原文说公司在变成科技公司，不是去联系科技公司（偷换概念）
[D] operate more globalized companies ✅ much more globalized than ever before 的同义改写

28. 细节题 —— B

陷阱：这题的考点不在词汇在逻辑——despite（尽管）后面要填的，必须是"跟上涨对着干的东西"。A、C、D 三个都是"对着干"的样子货，但原文都没提。

怎么破：since the 1970s → 锁第 4 段。

By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising.

治理更严（B）与薪酬上涨同期存在——把 B 填进 despite，句子逻辑正好成立：尽管治理更严，薪酬照涨。

[A] 持续的内部反对 ❌ 原文无（无中生有）
[B] strict corporate governance ✅ tighter and more rigorous 的同义改写
[C] 保守的商业策略 ❌ 原文无（无中生有）
[D] 反复的政府警告 ❌ 原文无（无中生有）

29. 细节题 —— D

陷阱：B 方向反了——原文第 5 段明说最高薪给的是外部候选人（outside candidates），不是内部。A、C 又是"听着合理"的样子货。

怎么破：justified（被证明合理）→ 锁第 5 段结尾。

And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.

build up corporate value = increase corporate value，同义替换直接对上。

[A] 确认 CEO 地位 ❌ 原文无（无中生有）
[B] 激励内部候选人 ❌ 方向反了——高薪给的是外部候选人（正反混淆）
[C] 提升 CEO 效率 ❌ 原文无（无中生有）
[D] increase corporate value ✅ build up corporate value 的同义改写

30. 主旨题 —— A

陷阱：B（过去与现在）和 C（当今 CEO 的挑战）是"以偏概全"型——B 只覆盖第 1 段的现象描述，C 只覆盖第 3 段的技能罗列。它们都是文章的一部分，不是文章的论点。D 干脆无中生有。

怎么破：标题题 = 主旨题，看作者一路在论证什么。从第 2 段起，作者步步都在给"高薪合理"加码：市场端（机会涨、人才缺）→ 技能端（要求全面升级）→ 治理悖论（越严越涨）→ 外部候选（不是内部分赃）→ 股价叫好（创造公司价值）。五段一以贯之：

CEO 的高薪有支撑——他们没有被多付。

[A] CEOs Are Not Overpaid ✅ 全文论点
[B] CEO Pay: Past and Present ❌ 以偏概全，只覆盖第 1 段
[C] CEOs' Challenges of Today ❌ 以偏概全，只覆盖第 3 段
[D] CEO Traits: Not Easy to Define ❌ 原文无（无中生有）

答案速查

题号	26	27	28	29	30
答案	C	D	B	D	A

🎧 真题五题带练·2020英语二Text 2　

五题同义替换链：

26：business opportunities ... growing rapidly ↔ increased business opportunities
27：much more globalized than ever before ↔ operate more globalized companies
28：tighter and more rigorous ↔ strict
29：build up corporate value ↔ increase corporate value
30：not ripping people off / not depredation / value not just for the CEO ↔ Not Overpaid

📝 给你提个醒（原稿的两处拼写，建议核对一下手头真题）
① 第 3 段首句应为 must have many more skills（不是 mere）。mere 是"仅仅的"，more 才和后半句"不只是会开公司"的逻辑对上。② 29 题 B 选项应为 motivate inside candidates（不是 motive）。motivate 是动词"激励"，motive 是名词"动机"。你手头的版本如果也是这两处，订正后再讲给学生。