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一、即时自测

1. We are learning English, a language ______ is used in many fields in the world.
2. This magazine belongs to the teacher ______ teaches us chemistry.
3. Anyone ______ comes to China will surely visit the Great Wall.
4. The house ______ stands on the top of the hill was built a few years ago.
5. The medicine ______ he bought is good for your health.
6. Do you still remember the farm ______ we worked together five years ago?
7. The student ______ the teachers are talking about has won first prize in the English contest.
8. The newspaper ______ you are reading is out of date.
9. Do you remember the time ______ we got lost in the park?
10. I'll never forget the time ______ we spent together in the army camp.
11. They are building a hospital near the street ______ we used to live.
12. The present ______ he gave her yesterday evening is still unopened.
13. Happiness is one of the things ______ money can not buy.
14. I'll never forget the day ______ I joined the League in my middle school.
15. The man ______ wife died last year has gone to Japan.
16. Tell me the reason ______ the American lady left in a hurry.
17. Do you know the boy ______ was praised at the meeting?
18. Ellen is the girl ______ I think will succeed in the speaking contest.
19. The manager walked toward the gate ______ the workers were waiting.
20. Her parents wouldn't let her marry anyone ______ family was poor.

🔑参考答案+详细解析

1. which/that
   解析：先行词a language是事物，定语从句缺少主语，选用关系代词which或that。
   译文：我们正在学习英语，这是一门在世界诸多领域使用的语言。
2. who/that
   解析：先行词the teacher指人，定语从句缺少主语，可用who或者that。
   译文：这本杂志属于教我们化学的那位老师。
3. who
   解析：先行词是不定代词anyone，指代人，习惯上只用who，一般不用that。
   译文：任何来到中国的人，一定会游览长城。
4. which/that
   解析：先行词the house是事物，从句缺少主语，用which/that。
   译文：矗立在山顶的那栋房子是几年前建成的。
5. which/that
   解析：先行词是物，关系代词在从句中作bought的宾语，作宾语时关系词可以省略。
   译文：他买的这种药对你身体有益。
6. where
   解析：先行词farm表地点，从句we worked主谓结构完整，不缺主语、宾语，缺少地点状语，用关系副词where。
   译文：你还记得五年前我们一起劳作的那个农场吗？
7.  whom/who/that
   解析：先行词the student指人，关系词在从句中作介词about的宾语，可选用whom/who/that，也可以省略。
   译文：老师们正在谈论的这名学生，拿下了英语竞赛一等奖。
8. which/that
   解析：先行词the newspaper为事物，关系词在从句中作reading的宾语，可以省略。
   译文：你正在读的这份报纸已经过时了。
9. when
   解析：先行词the time表时间，从句主谓完整，缺少时间状语，用关系副词when。
   译文：你还记得我们在公园里迷路的那次吗？
10. which/that
    解析：高频易错题。先行词虽然是time，但spent是及物动词，从句缺少宾语，要使用关系代词which/that，不能用when；作宾语可省略。
    译文：我永远不会忘记我们在军营一同度过的那段时光。
11. where
    解析：先行词street是地点，从句we used to live句子完整，live为不及物动词，缺地点状语，用where。
    译文：他们正在我们曾经居住的那条街道附近修建一所医院。
12. which/that
    解析：先行词the present是事物，关系词在从句充当gave的宾语，可以省略。
    译文：他昨晚送给她的礼物还没有拆开。
13. that
    解析：先行词被one of修饰，关系代词只能用that；that在从句作buy的宾语，可省略。
    译文：幸福是金钱买不到的事物之一。
14. when
    解析：先行词the day表时间，从句句子结构完整，缺少时间状语，用when。
    译文：我永远忘不了中学时我入团的那一天。
15. whose
    解析：先行词the man，whose表示所属关系，意为“……的”，the man's wife。
    译文：那位妻子去年去世的男士已经去日本了。
16. why
    解析：先行词the reason，从句完整，缺少原因状语，关系副词why，用来解释原因。
    译文：告诉我这位美国女士匆忙离开的原因。
17. who/that
    解析：先行词the boy指人，从句缺少主语，用who/that。
    译文：你认识那个在会上受到表扬的男孩吗？
18. who/that
    解析：I think是插入语，可以先去掉看句子。先行词the girl，从句缺少主语，用who/that。
    译文：埃伦就是我认为会在演讲比赛中取得成功的女孩。
19. where
    解析：先行词gate表地点，从句the workers were waiting句子完整，缺少地点状语，用where。
    译文：经理朝着工人们等候的大门走去。

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