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欢迎来到「中考英语核心词汇精讲」的第十四讲!
上一讲我们讲了中考最常考的6组代词(二)(it的用法、复合不定代词、one/that等),没看过的同学可以点击文末合集标签回看。
今天进入第十四讲——中考最常考的6组名词(二)。
在第五讲中,我们已经搞定了名词短语(时间/数量、方式/方法、状态/情感、易混淆名词辨析)。今天继续攻克名词家族中最容易丢分的两个板块:
不可数名词 + 名词的固定搭配与易错点。
中考对名词的考查,除了单复数变化和所有格之外,最常考的就是不可数名词的辨析和名词与其他词的固定搭配。很多同学单词都认识,但一看到 advice 加了 s、information 加了 s,或者分不清 a number of 和 the number of,就掉进了陷阱。今天一次性讲清楚,背完直接拿分!
一、不可数名词——这些词永远不能加s! ★★★★★
中考最高频的不可数名词,也是改错和语法填空的重灾区。
| 抽象名词 | ||
| 液体/气体 | ||
| 食物 | ||
| 材料 | ||
| 学科/语言 |
⚠️ 中考最高频陷阱:
❌ a good news → ✅ a piece of good news ❌ many informations → ✅ much information / a lot of information ❌ two advices → ✅ two pieces of advice ❌ homeworks → ✅ homework(永远不可数)
速记口诀:advice, information, news, progress, fun, work, homework——这些词,永远不加s!
真题实战(2025·中考真题改编):
My teacher gave me some ______ on how to learn English well.
A. advices B. advice C. suggestion D. idea
答案:B解析:advice 是不可数名词,不能加s;suggestion 和 idea 是可数名词,但前面是 some,不能接单数。故用 advice。
二、名词固定搭配——动词+名词 ★★★★★
动词和名词的搭配是中考完形填空和写作的高频考点。
| make a decision | We should make a decision now. | |
| make a mistake | Everyone can make a mistake. | |
| make friends | I want to make friends with you. | |
| take a break | Let‘s take a break. | |
| take a walk | We often take a walk after dinner. | |
| take notes | Please take notes in class. | |
| have a good time | We had a good time at the party. | |
| have a rest | You look tired. Have a rest. | |
| have a look | Can I have a look at your book? | |
| do homework | I do my homework every day. | |
| do sports | We do sports every afternoon. |
速记口诀:
make决定/犯错/朋友,take休息/散步/笔记,have开心/休息/看一看,do作业/运动。
真题实战(2024·中考真题改编):
We should ______ a decision before it’s too late.
A. take B. make C. do D. have
答案:B解析:“做决定”用 make a decision。
三、名词固定搭配——介词+名词 ★★★★★
介词和名词的搭配是中考单选和完形填空的常客。
| in trouble | When you are in trouble, ask for help. | |
| in danger | The animals are in danger. | |
| in surprise | He looked at me in surprise. | |
| in fact | In fact, he is a good student. | |
| in a word | In a word, English is very important. | |
| on time | Please arrive on time. | |
| in time | We arrived in time to catch the train. | |
| at times | At times, I feel lonely. | |
| by the way | By the way, have you seen Tom? | |
| on the way | I met her on the way to school. |
速记口诀:
in trouble困境,in danger危险,in surprise惊讶,in fact事实,on time准时,in time及时,by the way顺便。
⚠️ 易错提醒:on time(准时)vs. in time(及时)——中考最爱考的区别!
真题实战(2025·中考真题改编):
The doctor arrived ______ and saved the patient’s life.
A. on time B. in time C. at times D. all the time
答案:B解析:“及时赶到救了病人”→ in time。
四、名词作定语——单数还是复数? ★★★★☆
名词作定语时,通常用单数形式。这是中考语法填空和改错的常考点。
⚠️ 特殊情况:sports meeting(运动会)、clothes shop(服装店)、glasses store(眼镜店)——这些固定搭配用复数。
真题实战(2024·中考真题改编):
This is a ______ shop. It sells many kinds of shoes.
A. shoe B. shoes C. shoe‘s D. shoes’
答案:A解析:名词作定语用单数,shoe shop。
五、易混淆名词辨析——a number of / the number of ★★★★★
这是中考出场率最高的名词辨析,没有之一。
| a number of + 复数名词 | 复数 | A number of students are playing outside. | |
| the number of + 复数名词 | 单数 | The number of students is 2,000. |
速记口诀:a number of = many(复数);the number of = 数量(单数)。
真题实战(2025·中考真题改编):
______ students in our school ______ over 2,000.
A. A number of; is B. The number of; is C. A number of; are D. The number of; are
答案:B解析:“我们学校学生的数量超过2000”→ The number of + 复数名词,谓语用单数 is。
六、名词所有格易错点——双重所有格 ★★★★☆
在第二讲中我们详细讲过名词所有格。今天重点回顾双重所有格这一高频易错点。
结构:a/an/数词 + 名词 + of + 名词’s
含义:表示“整体中的一部分”。
| a friend of my father‘s | |
| a picture of my father | |
| a picture of my father’s |
⚠️ 易错提醒:双重所有格前面不能用the,要用 a/an/数词/不定代词。
❌ the friend of my father‘s ✅ a friend of my father’s
真题实战(2024·中考真题改编):
This is a photo of ______. She looks very happy in it.
A. my mother‘s B. my mother C. mothers D. my mothers
答案:B解析:照片里的人是妈妈本人→用 of my mother(of所有格),不用双重所有格。
📌 第十四讲速记卡(精华总结)
| 不可数名词 | ||
| 动词+名词 | ||
| 介词+名词 | ||
| 名词作定语 | ||
| a number of / the number of | ||
| 双重所有格 |
💬 互动时间
- My teacher gave me some ______ (advice / advices) on how to study.
(选一个) - ______ students in our school ______ over 2,000.
(填 a number of / the number of 和 is / are) - This is a ______ (shoe / shoes) shop.
(选一个)
明天预告:第十五讲——中考最常考的6组形容词与副词辨析(二)(-ing/-ed、too much/much too、hard/hardly……),明天不见不散!
我是Anna老师,一个帮你把单词从“认识”变成“会用”的老师。
如果你觉得这篇有用,点个,也可以转发给更多正在背单词的同学。#初中英语 #高中英语 #英语语法大全 #中考英语语法 #中考必考#初一#初二#初三#初中语法#初中家长必看