📌 不想错过每天的词汇课堂? 点击文章顶部的 「向日葵英语角」 → 点击右上角 「···」 → 选择 「设为星标」⭐,每天第一时间收到更新推送!
欢迎来到「中考英语核心词汇精讲」的第十三讲!
上一讲我们讲了中考最常考的6组动词短语(二)(to+doing陷阱、come、go、make、have、其他高频),没看过的同学可以点击文末合集标签回看。
今天进入第十三讲——中考最常考的6组代词(二)。
在第八讲中,我们已经搞定了人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和部分不定代词。今天继续攻克代词家族中最容易丢分的两个板块:
it的用法 + 复合不定代词。
这两类代词,几乎每年中考都会在单选、完形和语法填空中出现。尤其是 it 作形式主语/形式宾语 和 复合不定代词的“形容词后置” ,是丢分最集中的地方。今天一次讲清,背完直接拿分!
一、it 作形式主语——真正的主语在后面 ★★★★★
当主语是不定式、动名词或从句时,为了保持句子平衡,常用 it 作形式主语,把真正的主语放到后面。
| It is + 形容词 + to do sth. | It is important to learn English well. |
| It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. | It is difficult for me to finish the work. |
| It is + 形容词 + of sb. + to do sth. | It is kind of you to help me. |
| It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. | It takes me half an hour to go to school. |
| It is + 名词 + to do sth. | It is our duty to protect the environment. |
⚠️ 中考高频辨析:for sb. vs. of sb.
- for sb.
:形容词描述的是事情的特征(important, difficult, easy, necessary) - of sb.
:形容词描述的是人的品质(kind, nice, polite, clever, brave)
速记口诀:事用for,人用of。
真题实战(2025·中考真题改编):
It is very kind ______ you to help me with my English.
A. for B. of C. to D. with
答案:B解析:kind 描述人的品质→用 of。
二、it 作形式宾语——真正的宾语在后面 ★★★★★
当宾语是不定式、动名词或从句,且后面还有宾语补足语时,常用 it 作形式宾语,把真正的宾语放到后面。
结构:主语 + 谓语 + it + 宾语补足语 + 真正的宾语
| I find it difficult to learn English. | |
| We think it important to protect the environment. | |
| He made it clear that he would come. |
⚠️ 常接形式宾语的动词:find, think, make, consider, feel
真题实战(2024·中考真题改编):
I find ______ difficult to learn English well.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
答案:C解析:find it + 形容词 + to do sth.,用 it 作形式宾语。
三、it 指代时间、天气、距离、日期 ★★★★☆
it 还可以用来指代时间、天气、距离、日期等,这是中考单选和听力的高频考点。
| 时间 | —What time is it? —It is 6 o‘clock. |
| 天气 | —What’s the weather like? —It is sunny. |
| 距离 | —How far is it? —It is 2 kilometers. |
| 日期 | —What‘s the date? —It is May 1st. |
⚠️ 易错提醒:It‘s 是 it is 的缩写,不要和 its(它的)混淆。
真题实战(2025·中考真题改编):
—What’s the weather like today?—______ is sunny and warm.
A. It B. This C. That D. He
答案:A解析:指代天气用 It。
四、it 用于强调句型——中考“送分题” ★★★★☆
结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他
| 强调人 | It was Tom who/that helped me. |
| 强调物 | It was the book that I bought. |
| 强调时间 | It was yesterday that he came. |
| 强调地点 | It was in Beijing that I met him. |
⚠️ 强调人可用 who 或 that,强调物只能用 that。
五、复合不定代词——形容词必须后置! ★★★★★
复合不定代词由 some/any/no/every + one/body/thing 构成。
四大核心规则(中考必考!)
规则一:形容词修饰复合不定代词时,必须后置!
✅ I have something important to tell you. ❌ I have important something to tell you.
规则二:复合不定代词作主语时,谓语用单数。
- Everything is ready.
- Everyone likes her.
规则三:some- 用于肯定句;any- 用于否定/疑问句;no- 表否定。
- I have something to say.
(肯定) - Is there anything I can do?
(疑问) - There is nothing in the box.
(否定)
规则四:复合不定代词 + else 表示“其他……”
- Does anyone else want to go?
(还有别人想去吗?) - I have something else to do.
(我还有别的事要做。)
真题实战(2025·中考真题改编):
I have ______ to tell you. It’s very important.
A. something important B. important something C. anything important D. important anything
答案:A解析:形容词修饰复合不定代词后置;肯定句用 something。
六、其他高频代词辨析——one / ones / that / those ★★★★☆
1. one / ones —— 代替前面提到的可数名词
- I don‘t like this pen. Please show me another one.
(代替pen) - These books are mine. Those ones are hers.
(代替books)
2. that / those —— 代替前面提到的不可数名词或复数名词
- The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing.
(that代替weather) - The students in our class are more active than those in Class 2.
(those代替students)
⚠️ 易错提醒:one/ones 代替同类异物(同类中的一个),that/those 代替同一类事物(避免重复)。
速记口诀:one/ones同类异物,that/those同一类。
📌 第十三讲速记卡(精华总结)
| it作形式主语 | ||
| it作形式宾语 | ||
| it指代 | ||
| 强调句型 | ||
| 复合不定代词 | ||
| one/that |
💬 互动时间
- It is very kind ______ you to help me.
(填for/of) - I have ______ (something important / important something) to tell you.
(选一个) - The weather in Shanghai is hotter than ______ in Beijing.
(填one/that/those)
明天预告:第十四讲——中考最常考的6组高频名词(二)(名词的固定搭配、抽象名词、名词的句法功能……),明天不见不散!
我是Anna老师,一个帮你把单词从“认识”变成“会用”的老师。
如果你觉得这篇有用,点个,也可以转发给更多正在背单词的同学。#初中英语 #高中英语 #英语语法大全 #中考英语语法 #中考必考#初一#初二#初三#初中语法#初中家长必看