Passage 1海南极端强降雨与灾后重建：与时间赛跑

体裁：说明文（灾害与应急·时事）　词数：约 385　难度：★★★☆（对标 C 篇中难偏上）

原文（先做后看解析；仅真超纲词就近标注，其余请语境自猜）

For two days in mid-September 2026, the island province of Hainan was struck by torrential rains that the local meteorological bureau called the most intense in years. In the mountainous city of Wuzhishan, water poured down with a force residents had not seen since 1958, turning quiet streams into walls of brown flood that no one had time to admire.

The damage came fast. In Baoting county, several townships — Xiangshui, Maogan, Xinzheng and Jiamao — reported landslides（山体滑坡）, broken roads and houses with water rising to the first floor as rivers overtopped their embankments（堤坝）. Across the province, more than 55,000 people had been moved from danger zones by 6 p.m. on September 14. Wuzhishan was hit hardest: over 80,000 residents were affected, 21,157 were evacuated before the peak, and all seven of its towns lost water, power, communication and road access at the same time. In some villages the flood reached the windows; in others it swallowed the ground floor entirely, and families climbed to upper storeys to wait for rescue.

Relief work began almost immediately. Firefighters and armed police searched flooded villages, while emergency communication drones were sent to restore contact with the cut-off areas. What stood out was the arrival of rescue teams from Guangdong, just across the sea — the first time in over a decade that outside-province forces had been called to Wuzhishan. Local officials noted that their own pumps were too small, yet the visitors brought high-power equipment that made the difference. Crucially, scientific reservoir scheduling had kept urban flooding far milder than the rainfall alone would have suggested.

Behind the numbers was a single, frightening minute. Mr. Wu's father was trapped at home as water rose without warning. "The door would not open," his son later recalled. "My father kicked through the window grille and stood on a trellis built for passionfruit — that is how he got out." Many escapes that week were no less narrow, and each one depended on someone acting before the water won.

As the rain finally stopped, Hainan moved from response to recovery. Grid workers, volunteers and local cadres cleared mud from the streets, and schools began to reopen. Neighbours shared food, and young volunteers carried the elderly down slick stairs. The disaster laid bare how fragile a town can be, yet also how quickly strangers become rescuers. If this week offers any lesson, it is that preparation — not luck — decides who walks away.

题目（Q1–Q4）

1. According to the text, what mainly kept the losses limited despite the extreme rainfall?A. The rains stopped before they reached the larger cities of the province.B. The rainfall caused little real damage to people's homes or roads.C. Early evacuation and careful reservoir management reduced the harm.D. Foreign aid teams arrived within hours of the first warning.
2. What can be inferred about the significance of the Guangdong rescue teams' arrival?A. It shows that effective relief often depends on help from beyond the affected area.B. Guangdong suffers worse floods in every year than Hainan normally does.C. Wuzhishan had refused offers of help from its own local residents.D. The central government now requires every province to send a team.
3. The word "torrential" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. mildly warm and gentleB. unusually quiet and stillC. extremely heavy and violentD. suddenly cold and freezing
4. What does the passage suggest about preparing for extreme weather?A. Wealthy regions are far better prepared than poorer ones are.B. Floods in Hainan will now take place in every year without fail.C. Dams alone can remove most of the risk for mountain towns.D. Early warning, evacuation and mutual aid matter because local capacity can be overwhelmed.

逐题解析

Q1 答案：C

正确原因：细节理解题（跨段综合／隐含因果）。损失能被控制，需合并第二段 "more than 55,000 people moved… 21,157 evacuated before the peak" 与第三段 "scientific reservoir scheduling had kept urban flooding far milder" 两处信息——提前转移＋水库科学调度共同降低了危害，属跨段隐含因果，非单段字面检索。

干扰项：A 与 "Wuzhishan was hit hardest" 矛盾（雨确实打到城市）；B 与 "houses with water rising to the first floor / broken roads" 相反（损失真实存在）；D 偷换概念——广东属国内跨省支援，非 "foreign aid"，且温和城市内涝的主因是水库调度而非外部到达时间（以偏概全）。

Q2 答案：A

正确原因：推理判断题（推一步）。第三段 "first time in over a decade that outside-province forces had been called" 加 "local pumps were too small, visitors brought high-power equipment" 推出：有效救援常需受灾地区之外的力量（A）。

干扰项：B 无中生有（文中未比较两省年受灾频率）；C 与 "local cadres, volunteers" 参与矛盾（并未拒绝本地帮助）；D 过度推断（文中未提"中央要求每省派队"）。

Q3 答案：C

正确原因：词义猜测题（语境可推）。第一段 "most intense in years / water poured down with a force / walls of brown flood" 均指向"又大又猛的雨"，前后句线索充分，故 torrential ≈ extremely heavy and violent（C）。

干扰项：A、B 与语境"倾泻、成墙、数十年未见"反向（轻／静）；D 偷换维度（文讲雨量非温度）。目标词已加粗，无需词典义即可判定。

Q4 答案：D　★踮脚

正确原因：推理判断题（推一步，强学生亦需≥1 分钟）。需综合第三段（本地水泵太小→须外援）、第二段（峰值前转移救人）、末段 "preparation, not luck, decides who walks away" 推出结论：预警、撤离与互助之所以重要，正因本地能力会被冲垮（D）。答案不在原句，须跨三段归纳。

干扰项：A 无中生有（未比较贫富准备度）；B 过度推断（"now every year without fail" 文中无据）；C 以偏概全——水库确有作用但末段明言灾害仍暴露脆弱、损失未免，故"dams alone remove most risk" 夸大。

语篇分析

体裁：说明文（事件—破坏—救援—个例—启示 结构）。结构：第1段交代事件与强度（1958 年来最强）；第2段写破坏规模（转移人数、五指山七乡镇断水断电断网断路）；第3段写救援与跨省协作、水库调度使内涝减轻；第4段用吴先生父亲脱险的个例凸显突发性；第5段转入恢复与启示（preparation not luck）。难度提示：Q1 为跨段细节（合并两段因果）；Q4 为★踮脚推理，需跨三段归纳"准备＞运气"的立意；长难句如 "all seven of its towns lost water, power, communication and road access at the same time" 为平行列举。

核心词汇（10 个，含派生词构词法）

词组 / 固定搭配

turn into 变成move ... from danger zones 把……转移出危险区lose water, power, communication and road access 断水、断电、断通信、断路restore contact 恢复联系at the peak 在最猛烈时／在峰值clear mud from the streets 清理街道淤泥depend on 依赖walk away 平安脱身

阅读知识点

① 细节题——跨段综合"隐含因果"法：高考拉分细节题不再考"第几段说了啥"，而要求合并多段信息。Q1 不能只盯第三段"水库调度"，还要回第二段"峰值前转移 5.5 万人"才能锁定 C；凡只见单段、缺另一半证据的选项（如 D 只提外援）即错。② 词义猜测——后果色彩定位法：Q3 的 torrential 不靠词典，而看其带来的结果 "walls of brown flood / poured down with a force"，暴雨的"后果"天然指向"又大又猛"，A、B 的"轻／静"与后果反向，一眼可排（但仍须回文，不靠极端词）。

练习建议：做灾害类说明文，先圈"数字＋动作"（转移/调度/断路），细节题答案往往藏在两处数字的交叉里。

Passage 2超级精确光钟：四国协同，重新定义"一秒"

体裁：科普说明文（科技计量）　词数：约 463　难度：★★★★☆（对标 D 篇 / 外刊高难）

原文（先做后看解析；仅真超纲词就近标注，其余请语境自猜）

Since 1967, the world has measured the second by counting 9,192,631,770 vibrations of a caesium atom. That definition has served global navigation, communication networks and frontier science for nearly sixty years. Yet a quieter revolution has been building: optical clocks, such as the strontium（锶） clock used in national labs, tick with visible light and can now keep time about a hundred times more precisely than the best caesium fountain, reaching an uncertainty near one part in 10¹⁸. For comparison, the best caesium standard drifts by about one second in a hundred million years — optical clocks shrink that error a hundredfold.

Redefining the international second around an optical transition is not merely a technical upgrade; it demands proof that clocks in different countries actually agree. To supply that proof, researchers ran a two-month campaign comparing seven optical clocks housed in four national metrology（计量学） institutes — INRIM in Italy, LNE-OP in France, NPL in Britain and PTB in Germany — linked by the optical fibre network already laid across Europe. The exercise turned a laboratory curiosity into a question of international trust.

The result, reported in Physical Review Research, was a quiet milestone. The ytterbium-ion clocks at NPL and PTB matched each other to within 7.7 × 10⁻¹⁸, the first time two independently built optical clocks from separate laboratories had been verified to agree below one part in 10¹⁷. Across all seven devices, the measured frequency ratios landed between 7.7 × 10⁻¹⁸ and 6.1 × 10⁻¹⁷ — astonishingly tight for instruments running in different cities hundreds of kilometres apart.

Why chase such precision? Because a better second is a finer ruler for the physical world. Optical-clock networks can test Einstein's relativity by detecting gravitational redshift at the scale of a single centimetre, and can map height differences of roughly one centimetre through tiny time-dilation effects — a tool for geodesy（大地测量学）. The same sensitivity lets a clock act as a strain gauge for the planet, noticing when ground shifts after a quake. These clocks also sharpen satellite navigation, hunt for slow drift in fundamental constants, and could aid the search for dark matter. Bodies such as the CCTF and BIPM have set a roadmap: the 2026 General Conference on Weights and Measures will review progress, with possible adoption around 2030 or 2034.

The step is real but not yet final. Inter-laboratory comparisons still show variations near 1 × 10⁻¹⁷ that must be narrowed before a single global standard is fixed, and experts debate whether to anchor the new second to one atomic transition or to a weighted average of several. Clocks must also grow small and sturdy enough to leave the laboratory. None of this will change how a wristwatch feels in daily life — yet the silent redefinition will sit underneath every GPS signal, stock trade and science experiment for decades to come. For students, the lesson is plain: the standards we rely on most are often the ones we never see.

题目（Q5–Q8）

1. What was the key achievement of the two-month comparison campaign?A. It built the first caesium atomic clock ever used in science.B. It showed that separate labs' optical clocks can agree to within a few parts in 10¹⁷.C. It proved that time passes at the same rate in every place on Earth.D. It replaced all atomic clocks around the world at once.
2. According to the text, what practical use could ultra-precise clocks serve?A. They make ordinary computers calculate much faster than before.B. They remove the need for satellites in people's daily lives.C. They can measure tiny height differences and sharpen navigation through gravity.D. They can predict earthquakes with full certainty ahead of time.
3. What can be inferred about the remaining obstacle before the second is redefined?A. Optical clocks remain less accurate than caesium clocks still are.B. No country wishes to host the new international standard at all.C. Fibre networks cannot yet carry clock signals across national borders.D. Small disagreements between laboratories still need to be narrowed before one standard is set.
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. It argues that caesium clocks should be thrown away at once by every lab.B. It reports a cross-border step toward redefining the unit of time and explains why it matters.C. It shows that physics is too abstract to touch ordinary life at all.D. It compares the laboratories of Italy and Germany in close detail.

逐题解析

Q5 答案：B

正确原因：细节理解题（跨段综合）。需合并第二段 "seven optical clocks in four national institutes" 与第三段 "ytterbium-ion clocks at NPL and PTB matched … below one part in 10¹⁷"，即跨国独立光钟可一致到 10¹⁷ 量级（B）。

干扰项：A 张冠李戴（铯钟是 1967 年旧标准，非本次建造）；C 偷换概念（相对论恰恰说时间速率不同，本文证的是"钟一致"而非"时间处处同速"）；D 无中生有（正文说约 2030/2034 才采纳，非立刻替换）。

Q6 答案：C

正确原因：细节理解题。第四段 "map height differences of roughly one centimetre through tiny time-dilation effects — a tool for geodesy" 与 "sharpen satellite navigation" 直接对应 C（测微小高差＋借引力改善导航）。

干扰项：A 无中生有（文中未提计算机算力）；B 偷换概念（文中说"改善卫星导航"而非"取消卫星"）；D 夸大（文中仅说"aid the search for dark matter / test constants"，未说能确定预测地震）。

Q7 答案：D　★踮脚

正确原因：推理判断题（推一步）。末段 "variations near 1×10⁻¹⁷ that must be narrowed before a single global standard is fixed" 加上 "debate whether to anchor … to one transition or a weighted average" 推出：实验室间微小分歧须先收窄，才能定下单一全球标准（D）。答案不在原句，须由"须收窄"推其前提。

干扰项：A 与第一段 "hundred times more precise than caesium" 相反；B 无中生有（未提各国不愿承办）；C 与第二段 "linked by optical fibre … across Europe / four countries" 矛盾（光纤已跨国比对）。

Q8 答案：B

正确原因：主旨／写作目的题。全文围绕"事件（四国光纤比对光钟）→ 意义（重新定义秒、测引力红移／高差／导航／暗物）"展开，B 全面概括且不过度，覆盖首段铺垫与末段升华。

干扰项：A 过度推断（文说将重新定义，未主张"立刻丢弃铯钟"）；C 与末段"underneath every GPS signal"相反（物理深刻影响生活）；D 以偏概全（意/德仅为四国中两例，非全文主旨）。

语篇分析

体裁：科普说明文（背景—难题—突破—意义—局限 结构）。结构：第1段背景（秒的铯定义＋光钟更准）；第2段难题（重定义需跨国一致，引出四国比对实验）；第3段突破（Yb⁺ 钟一致至 7.7×10⁻¹⁸）；第4段意义（测引力红移／高差／导航／暗物＋路线图）；第5段局限与升华（分歧待收窄、须小型化、标准隐形却重要）。难度提示：Q7 为★踮脚推理，须从末段"须收窄"推未明说前提；学术词密（metrology / geodesy / redshift / dilation）；长难句如 "the first time two independently built optical clocks … had been verified to agree below one part in 10¹⁷" 含过去分词与比较结构。

核心词汇（12 个，含派生词构词法）

词组 / 固定搭配

measure the second 计量"秒"keep time 保持时间精度house in 设于／容纳于match ... to within 与……一致到（误差）以内land between ... and ... 落在……与……之间hunt for 搜寻set a roadmap 制定路线图anchor ... to 把……锚定于

阅读知识点

① 主旨／写作目的题——"事件＋意义"双轴定位法：科普说明文主旨多在"做了什么（跨国比对）"与"为何重要（重定义秒、应用）"两轴交叠处。Q8 的 B 正是双轴合拢；凡只谈局部（D 仅比两国实验室）或过度极端（A、C）即错。② 推理题——由"须做 X"推"未明说的前提"：Q7 原文只说分歧"must be narrowed before a standard is fixed"，答案 D 是把这句话推成前提"实验室间分歧须先收窄"，属标准"推一步"，不能选含原词却反向的 A。

练习建议：外刊科普文先抓每段首句定结构（背景→难题→突破→意义→局限），主旨题多半落在"突破＋意义"交叉处。

完形外公的旧相机：在快门里重新看见他

体裁：记叙文（亲情／成长）　词数：约 290　难度：★★★☆（高考完形难度，近义辨析＋语境推理）

原文（通读后按语境填空，每空四选一）

When I was fifteen, my grandfather passed away after a long, quiet illness. Among his dusty belongings I found an old film camera he had __1__ for decades. Ordinary as it looked on the shelf, it seemed to hold small stories I had never __2__.

I wanted to learn to use it before the memory of him faded. First I had it __3__ by someone who still knew such machines. In a quiet alley（小巷） I found a small repair shop, where an old artisan（匠人） __4__ the camera with gentle care.

"Your grandfather's?" he asked, __5__ a smile. "These were built to last." He cleaned the lens, changed a worn part, and returned it as if __6__ a sleeping child.

That Sunday I loaded a roll of film and walked slowly through the town he had loved. I photographed the little bakery where he bought bread, the wooden bench where he __7__ each morning, the stray cat he always fed. Only when the prints came did I understand: he had been __8__ the small things most of us walk past.

Those quiet pictures helped me __9__ his lesson — that paying real attention is its own kind of love. I now keep his camera not as a relic, but as a __10__ to notice the world he noticed.

The old man was right. Some objects are built to last, and some habits — like truly __11__ — are worth keeping. Grandfather spoke little, yet his camera __12__ a language I am only now learning to read.

If you ever lose someone, don't rush to __13__ their things. Sit with them. Let silence __14__ you something. You may hear, in the quiet, a love that was always there, simply __15__ to be seen.

题目（Q1–Q15）

1. 1. A. kept　B. borrowed　C. hidden　D. sold
2. 2. A. doubted　B. regretted　C. noticed　D. forgotten
3. 3. A. painted　B. repaired　C. photographed　D. admired
4. 4. A. dropped　B. ignored　C. weighed　D. handled
5. 5. A. against　B. beneath　C. with　D. beyond
6. 6. A. waking　B. leaving　C. blaming　D. scolding
7. 7. A. stood　B. shouted　C. worked　D. sat
8. 8. A. ignoring　B. photographing　C. destroying　D. fearing
9. 9. A. denied　B. questioned　C. understood　D. refused
10. 10. A. reason　B. burden　C. weapon　D. secret
11. 11. A. winning　B. leaving　C. hurrying　D. seeing
12. 12. A. forgot　B. spoke　C. lost　D. broke
13. 13. A. buy　B. lock　C. clear away　D. praise
14. 14. A. teach　B. warn　C. frighten　D. cheat
15. 15. A. refusing　B. pretending　C. failing　D. waiting

逐题解析

1 答案：A (kept)

上下文：相机是祖父遗物，"for decades" 说明长期持有；borrowed/hidden/sold 与"among his belongings / 遗物"逻辑矛盾。

干扰项：B/C/D 均属无中生有或逻辑不符（若为 sold 则不会在遗物中被发现）。

2 答案：C (noticed)

"stories I had never noticed" 与末段 "simply waiting to be seen" 呼应——他拍下却未被我注意的故事。

干扰项：A doubted / B regretted 语义不符；D forgotten 搭配弱于 noticed，且全文主题词是"看见/注意"而非"遗忘"。

3 答案：B (repaired)

后文 "repair shop / cleaned the lens, changed a part" 明确是送修。

干扰项：A painted / C photographed / D admired 与修理店语境错位（语境不符）。

4 答案：D (handled)

"with gentle care" 对应小心拿放；handled 表"拿、摆弄"。

干扰项：A dropped（掉落）与 gentle 反向；B ignored / C weighed 无关（反向/无据）。

5 答案：C (with)

固定搭配 "with a smile"（带着微笑）。

干扰项：A against / B beneath / D beyond 均无此搭配（固定搭配缺失）。

6 答案：A (waking)

"as if waking a sleeping child" 比喻把相机当沉睡孩子轻轻唤醒，与 gentle 一致。

干扰项：B leaving / C blaming / D scolding 均破坏温柔意象（意象冲突）。

7 答案：D (sat)

"the bench where he sat every morning" 坐长椅符合日常习惯。

干扰项：A stood / B shouted / C worked 与 bench＋每天早上语境不符（语境不符）。

8 答案：B (photographing)

前句 "I shot the bakery…" 与 "he had been photographing the small things" 主题一致。

干扰项：A ignoring / C destroying / D fearing 与爱惜、记录之意反向（反向）。

9 答案：C (understood)

"finally understood what he had tried to teach me" 理解其教诲。

干扰项：A denied / B questioned / D refused 均反向（反向）。

10 答案：A (reason)

"as a reason to notice the world" 作为去注意世界的理由，情感正向。

干扰项：B burden（负担）/ C weapon（武器）/ D secret（秘密）情感色彩错位，与亲情传承不符。

11 答案：D (seeing)

"like truly seeing" 与全文"看见/注意"主题一致。

干扰项：A winning / B leaving / C hurrying 与主题脱节（主题脱节）。

12 答案：B (spoke)

"his camera spoke a language" 隐喻相机"诉说"一种语言。

干扰项：A forgot / C lost / D broke 破坏隐喻（隐喻冲突）。

13 答案：C (clear away)

"don't rush to clear away their things" 不要急于清理/丢弃遗物，符合失去亲人后处理遗物语境。

干扰项：A buy / B lock / D praise 与"lose someone 后面对遗物"语境不符（语境不符）。

14 答案：A (teach)

"Let silence teach you" 让沉默教你，与"hear a love"正向。

干扰项：B warn / C frighten / D cheat 情感负面，与温情基调错位（情感色彩错位）。

15 答案：D (waiting)

"simply waiting to be seen" 与第2空 noticed、第8空 photographing 形成闭环——爱一直在，只待被看见。

干扰项：A refusing / B pretending / C failing 均破坏"一直在、待看见"的闭环（主题闭环冲突）。

语篇分析

体裁：记叙文（发现—送修—拍照领悟—升华劝慰 结构）。结构：第1段发现遗物相机、设悬；第2–3段送修、匠人温柔细节；第4段拍照后领悟"他在记录小事"；第5–6段点题"注意即爱"、相机"诉说"语言；第7段劝慰（别急清理遗物，沉默会教你看清一直都在的爱）。难度提示：近义辨析（handled/woke/spoke/seeing 靠情感基调）；固定搭配（with a smile）；语境闭环（blank15 waiting 与 blank2/blank8 呼应）。长难句如 "Ordinary as it looked, it seemed to hold stories I had never noticed."

核心词汇（10 个，含派生词构词法）

词组 / 固定搭配

pass away 去世among one's belongings 在某人的遗物中load a roll of film 装一卷胶卷walk past 走过／视而不见pay attention 注意speak a language 诉说一种语言clear away 清理／丢弃sit with 陪伴／静坐面对

阅读知识点

① 完形近义辨析——看"情感基调"而非仅词义：如 blank4 handled（小心拿）vs dropped（掉落）、blank6 woke（唤醒）vs scolded（责备）、blank12 spoke（诉说）vs broke（破坏），须先定上下文温柔/爱的基调，再排反向词。② 完形语境闭环——首尾呼应锁答案：blank15 waiting 与第2空 noticed、第8空 photographing 形成"爱一直在，只待被看见"的闭环，用全文主题而非单句定空。

练习建议：完形先通读抓"情感主线"，再逐空用"前后文同义复现/反向排除"双法，别盯一句就选。