
中考英语:英语不规则动词表,收藏备用!在平时学习和考试答题中提供思路,希望对大家有所帮助。
★记忆法一:常见93个不规则动词的变化规律归纳如下:
一、A—A—A型,即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)
cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurtlet—let— letput—put—putread—read—readset—set—setshut—shut—shut
二、A—B—B型,即过去式、过去分词相同。(共41个)
1 过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(3个)
bring—brought—brought
buy— bought—boughtthink—thought—thought
2 词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)
build—built—builtlend—lent—lentsend—sent—sentspend—spent—spent
3 过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。(2个)
catch—caught—caughtteach—taught—taught
4 把-eep变为-ept。(3个)
keep—kept—keptsleep—slept—sleptsweep— swept—swept
5 把-ell变为-old。(2个)
tell—told—toldsell—sold—sold
6 过去式、过去分词都含有-elt或-ilt。(4个)
smell—smelt—smeltspell—spelt—speltfeel—felt— feltspill—spilt—spilt
7 过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(3个)
learn—learnt—learntmean—meant—meantspoil—spoilt—spoilt
8 过去式、过去分词词尾是d。(4个)
say—said—saidpay—paid—paidlay—laid—laidhear—heard—heard
9 改变元音字母。(11个)
meet—met—metget—got—gotsit—sat—satfind— found—foundhold—held—heldspit—spat—spatshine— shone—shonewin—won—wonhang—hung—hungdig— dug—duglose—lost—lost
10 改变辅音字母。(1个)
make—made—made
11 改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
leave—left—leftstand—stood—stoodhave(has)— had—hadunderstand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型,即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共35个)
1 i—a—u变化。(6个)
begin—began—begundrink—drank—drunksing—sang—sungring—rang—rungswim—swam—swumsink—sank—sunk
2 词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
blow—blew—blowndraw—drew—drawngrow— grew—grownknow—knew—knownthrow—threw—thrown(show除外)
3 词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—drivenwrite—wrote—writtenride—rode—riddenrise—rose—risen
4 过去分词在过去式后加(e)n。(5个)
break—broke—brokenchoose—chose—chosenfreeze—froze—frozenspeak—spoke—spokenwake—woke—woken
5 过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(1个)
forget—forgot—forgotten
6 过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)
be—was(were)—beeneat—ate—eatenfall—fell—fallengive—gave—givensee—saw—seenhide—hid—hidden(hid)
7 词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
take—took—takenmistake—mistook—mistaken
8 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
do—did—donefly—flew—flowngo—went—gonelie—lay—lainshow—showed—shownwear—wore—worn
四、A—A—B型,即过去式和原形相同。(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型,即过去分词和原形相同。(3个)
come—came—comebecome—became—becomerun—ran—run
六、情态动词型,只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(4个)
can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—should
★记忆法二:不规则动词相对于规则动词来说,难记得多,是最难对付的一类词。学生难学,老师难教。幸好它们不是杂乱无章的,可根据其中的一些内部规律来记忆。下面给大家介绍一种归纳记忆法,以期大家在攻克这一难关时,能收到事半功倍的效果。
一、 原形、过去式、过去分词相同:
cost/cut/hit/hurt/let/put/read/shut
(细心的你一定会发现,这些词中大多数是以字母t结尾的。)
二、 原形、过去式相同,过去分词不同:
beat/beat/beaten
三、 原形、过去分词相同,过去式不同:
come/came/come;become/became/become;run/ran/run
(come,become,属不规则变化,但welcome属规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为:welcomed,welcomed)
四、 过去式,过去分词相同:
(1) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e
meet/met/met;feed/fed/fed
(2) 去掉字母组合ee中的一个e,然后再在词尾加t
feel/felt/felt;sleep/slept/sleptkeep/kept/kept;sweep/swept/swept
(3) 词尾为的ll,去掉一个l加t;
spell/spelt/spelt;smell/smelt/smelt;spill/spilt/spilt
(4) 过去式和过去分词以aught或ought结尾
catch/caught/caught;teach/taught/taught bring/brought/brought
buy/bought/bought;think/thought/thought
(5) 将stand改为stood
stand/stood/stood;understand/understood/understood
(6) 将ay改为aid
lay/laid/laid;pay/paid/paid;say/said/said
(7) 将d改为t
lend/lent/lent;send/sent/sent
spend/spent/spent;build/built/built
(8) 将i改为a , o, u等
sit/sat/sat;spit/spat/spat
dig/dug/dug;win/won/won
(9) 将ell改为old
tell/told/told;sell/sold/sold
(10) 词尾加t
learn/learnt/learnt;mean/meant/meantdream/dreamt/dreamt;spoil/spoilt/spoilt
(11) 有两种过去式和过去分词, 一种是不规则的, 一种是规则的:
learn/learnt/learnt;learn/learned/learned
shine/shone/shone;shine/shined/shined
hang/hung/hung;hang/hanged/hanged
smell/smelt/smelt;smell/smelled/smelled
burn/burnt/burnt;burn/burned/burned
light/lii/lit;light/lighted/lighted
(12) 其它
have(has)/had/had;hear/heard/heardshoot/shot/shot;lose/lost/losthold/held/held;get/got/got(AmE gotten)find/found/found;make/made/made
leave/left/left
五、三者均不同:
(1) 过去式以ew结尾、过去分词以own结尾
blow/blew/blown;fly/flew/flown
grow/grew/grown;know/knew/knownthrow/threw/thrown
值得注意的是:
show/showed/shown或showed;draw/drew/drawn
(2)改i为a变成过去式、改i为u变成过去分词
begin/began/begun;drink/drank/drunk
ring/rang/rung;sing/sang/sung
swim/swam/swum;sink/sank/sunk
(3)改i为o变成过去式,过去分词以n结尾
drive/drove/driven;write/wrote/writtenrise/rose/risen;ride/rode/ridden
(4) 原形后加n变成过去分词
drive/drove/driven;rise/rose/risen;eat/ate/eaten
give/gave/given;fall/fell/fallen
(5) 过去式后加n变成过去分词
break/broke/broken;choose/chose/chosen
freeze/froze/frozen;mistake/mistook/mistaken
steal/stole/stolen;speak/spoke/spoken
take/took/taken;wake/woke/woken(或woke)
(6)其它
be/was或were/been;do/did/done;forget/forgot/forgotten
go/went/gone;hide/hid/hidden;see/saw/seen; wear/wore/worn
六、 有两种过去式和过去分词,但词义相同。
wake/woke/woken(或woke);wake/waked/wakedsink/sank/sunk;sink/sunk/sunken
七、动词因其过去式、过去分词有两种形式而产生不同词义:
shine、hang的两种过去式和过去分词:shone/shone照耀;shined/shined擦亮hung/hung悬挂;hanged/hanged绞死
八、两个既可以做过去式,又可以做动词原形的词
lie 躺卧 lay/lain/lying(现在分词)
lay 放,下蛋 laid/laid/laying
find 找到、发现 find/found/found
found 创建,成立 found/founded/founded
九、根据动词之间的词义联系来记忆
(一)词义相对:
(1) come/came/come来—— go/went/gone去
(2) give/gave/given给——get/got/got(AmE gotten)获得
(3) sleep/slept/slept睡觉—wake/woke/woken (或woke)
或wake/waked/waked 醒来
(4) rise/rose/risen上升、上涨、升起——fall/fell/fallen下降、落下、倒下
sink/sank/sunk;sink/sunk/sunken 沉下, (使)下沉
(5) buy/bought/bought买—— sell/sold/sold出售, 卖
(6) take/took/taken带去——bring/brought/brought 带来
(7) teach/taught/taught教——learn/learnt/learnt
或learn/learned/learned学习、学会
(8) lose/lost/lost丢失、失败——find/found/found找到
win/won/won赢得、(获)胜
(9) stand/stood/stood站、立——sit/sat/sat坐
(10) send/sent/sent 送、寄、发送——get/got/got获得、收到
(二)词义相近:
(1) beat/beat/beaten 打, 打败;win/won/won赢得、获胜
(2) understand/understood/understood 懂, 了解
know/knew/known 知道, 了解, 认识
(3) get/got/got(AmE gotten)变成、成为、变得
become/became/become 变成, 成为, 变得
go/went/gone变成turn/turned/turned变成
(4) spend/spent/spent 花费、度过
pay/paid/paid 支付、交纳
cost/cost/cost花费、价值为
take/took/taken花费
(5) say/said/said说、讲
speak/spoke/spoken说、演讲
tell/told/told 告诉、说、吩咐、断定
talk/talked/talked谈话, 讲, 谈论, 议论
★记忆法三:
1.无变化,过去式与原形相同。
let→let, put→put, hit→hit, must→must, set→set, beat→beat, cast→cast, cost→cost, cut→cut, hurt→hurt, read→red, shut→shut
(shed→shed split→split spread→spread burst→burst)
2.元音字母的变化。
i→a: begin→began, drink→drank, ring→rang, sing→sang, swim→swam, give→gave, sit→sat, sink→sank
i→o: drive→drove, ride→rode, shine→shone, write→wrote, rise→rose, win→won,
(strive→strove arise→arose)
i→ou: find→found (wind→wound, bind→bound, grind→ground)
a→oo: take→took, shake→shook
e→o: get→got, forget→forgot
o→a: come→came, become→became
oo→o: shoot→shot, choose→chose
3.元音字母组合的变化。
aw/ow/y→ew:draw→drew, blow→blew, grow→grew, know→knew, throw→threw, fly→flew
4.元音字母和辅音字母都有变化。
(1) sell→sold, tell→told, retell→retold
(2) say→said, pay→paid, lay→laid, relay→relaid
(3) sweep→swept, keep→kept, sleep→slept, creep→crept
(4) bring→brought, buy→bought, think→thought, fight→fought
(5) catch→caught, teach→taught
(6) can→could, will→would, shall→should
5.辅音字母变化。
(1)build→built, send→sent, bend→bent, lend→lent, rend→rent, spend→spent
(2)make→made, have→had, hear→heard
(3)mean→meant, learn→learnt
附:不规则动词表
Type | Verb | Past tense | Past Participle |
ABC | be (is/am/are) | was/ were | been |
ABC | bear | bore | born |
AAB | beat | beat | beaten |
ABA | become | became | become |
ABC | begin | began | begun |
ABC | blow | blew | blown |
ABC | break | broke | broken |
ABC | bring | brought | brought |
ABB | build | built | built |
ABB | burn | burnt | burnt |
ABB | buy | bought | bought |
ABB | catch | caught | caught |
ABC | choose | chose | chosen |
ABA | come | came | come |
AAA | cost | cost | cost |
AAA | cut | cut | cut |
ABB | deal | dealt | dealt |
ABB | dig | dug | dug |
ABC | do(does) | did | done |
ABC | draw | drew | drawn |
ABB | dream | dreamt | dreamt |
ABC | drink | drank | drunk |
ABC | drive | drove | driven |
ABC | eat | ate | eaten |
ABC | fall | fell | fallen |
ABB | feed | fed | fed |
ABB | feel | felt | felt |
ABB | fight | fought | fought |
ABB | find | found | found |
ABC | fly | flew | flown |
ABC | forget | forgot | forgotten |
ABB | get | got | got |
ABC | give | gave | given |
ABC | go | went | gone |
ABC | grow | grew | grown |
ABB | hang | hung | hung |
ABB | have/has | had | had |
ABB | hear | heard | heard |
ABC | hide | hid | hidden |
AAA | hit | hit | hit |
ABB | hold | held | held |
AAA | hurt | hurt | hurt |
ABB | keep | kept | kept |
ABC | know | knew | known |
ABB | lay | laid | laid |
ABB | lead | led | led |
ABB | learn | learnt | learnt |
ABB | leave | left | left |
ABB | lend | lent | lent |
AAA | let | let | let |
ABC | lie | lay | lain |
ABB | light | lit/lighted | lit/lighted |
ABB | lose | lost | lost |
ABB | make | made | made |
ABB | mean | meant | meant |
ABB | meet | met | met |
ABC | mistake | mistook | mistaken |
ABA | overcome | overcame | overcome |
ABB | pay | paid | paid |
AAA | put | put | put |
AAA | read | read | read |
ABC | ride | rode | ridden |
ABC | ring | rang | rung |
ABC | rise | rose | risen |
ABA | run | ran | run |
ABB | say | said | said |
ABC | see | saw | seen |
ABB | sell | sold | sold |
ABB | send | sent | sent |
AAA | set | set | set |
ABC | shake | shook | shaken |
ABB | shine | shone | shone |
ABC | show | showed | shown |
AAA | shut | shut | shut |
ABC | sing | sang | sung |
ABB | sit | sat | sat |
ABB | sleep | slept | slept |
ABB | smell | smelt | smelt |
ABC | speak | spoke | spoken |
ABB | speed | sped | sped |
ABB | spend | spent | spent |
AAA | spread | spread | spread |
ABB | stand | stood | stood |
ABC | steal | stole | stolen |
ABB | stick | stuck | stuck |
ABB | sweep | swept | swept |
ABC | swim | swam | swum |
ABC | take | took | taken |
ABB | teach | taught | taught |
ABB | tell | told | told |
ABB | think | thought | thought |
ABB | understand | understood | understood |
ABC | throw | threw | thrown |
ABC | wake | woke | woken |
ABC | wear | wore | worn |
ABB | win | won | won |
ABC | write | wrote | written |
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