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欢迎来到「中考英语核心词汇精讲」的第八讲!
上一讲我们讲了中考最常考的6组副词短语(频度副词、方式副词、程度副词、易混淆副词等),没看过的同学可以点击文末合集标签回看。
今天进入第八讲——中考最常考的6组代词。
代词是英语里使用频率最高、也最容易出错的词类之一。翻开任何一套中考真题,单项选择、完形填空、语法填空里都少不了代词的影子。很多同学单词都认识,但一看到 I 和 me、my 和 mine、some 和 any 就犯迷糊——根本原因就是代词的分类和用法没理清。
今天,我把中考最常考的6组代词一次性讲清楚:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词(数量类)、不定代词(范围类)。每组配真题例句和易错提醒,背完直接拿分!
一、人称代词——主格和宾格,别搞混! ★★★★★
人称代词分主格和宾格,这是中考最基础的考点。
用法口诀:主格放句首,宾格放动介后。
- She is my friend.
(她是我朋友。——主格作主语) - I like her.
(我喜欢她。——宾格作宾语) - Give it to me.
(把它给我。——宾格放介词后)
⚠️ 易错提醒:
并列人称代词的顺序:单数用“二、三、一”(you, he and I);复数用“一、二、三”(we, you and they)。 承认错误时,第一人称放最前面:I and Tom are to blame.
真题实战(2025·中考真题改编):
My sister and ______ are going to the museum this afternoon.
A. me B. I C. mine D. my
答案:B解析:作主语,用主格 I。
二、物主代词——形容词性和名词性,差一个名词! ★★★★★
物主代词表示“谁的”,分为形容词性(后面必须跟名词)和名词性(独立使用,后面不跟名词)。
核心公式:名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词
- This is my book.
= This book is mine. - That is her pen.
= That pen is hers.
⚠️ 易错提醒:
形容词性物主代词后面必须跟名词,名词性后面不能跟名词。 - its
是“它的”,it’s 是“它是”,中考常考陷阱!
真题实战(2024·中考真题改编):
This is not ______ book. ______ is on the desk.
A. my; My B. mine; My C. my; Mine D. mine; Mine
答案:C解析:第一空后有名词 book → 用形容词性 my;第二空独立用 → 用名词性 Mine。
三、反身代词——“自己”的六种形式 ★★★★☆
反身代词表示“某人自己”,中考常考固定搭配。
中考必背固定搭配:
| by oneself | I finished it by myself. | |
| enjoy oneself | We enjoyed ourselves at the party. | |
| teach oneself | She taught herself English. | |
| help oneself to | Help yourself to some fruit. | |
| hurt oneself | Be careful not to hurt yourself. |
⚠️ 易错提醒:反身代词不能单独作主语!不能说 Myself can do it,要说 I can do it myself。
真题实战(2025·中考真题改编):
The little boy can dress ______ now.
A. he B. him C. himself D. his
答案:C解析:dress oneself 是固定搭配,表示“自己穿衣服”,用 himself。
四、指示代词——this / that / these / those ★★★★☆
指示代词表示“这个、那个、这些、那些”。
| this | these | |
| that | those |
核心考点:
打电话时自我介绍用 this,问对方用 that:Hello! This is Tom speaking. Is that Mary? - that / those
可代替前面提到的名词,避免重复: - The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than that in Beijing.
(that代替weather) - The students in our class are more active than those in Class 2.
(those代替students)
真题实战(2024·中考真题改编):
The color of your bag is brighter than ______ of mine.
A. this B. that C. these D. those
答案:B解析:代替前面的 the color(单数),用 that。
五、不定代词(数量类)——some / any / many / much / few / little ★★★★★
这一组是中考最高频的不定代词,考查重点是 “可数还是不可数”“肯定还是否定”。
| some | I have some apples. | ||
| any | I don’t have any money. | ||
| many | How many students? | ||
| much | How much water? | ||
| few | I have few friends. | ||
| a few | I have a few friends. | ||
| little | There is little water. | ||
| a little | There is a little water. |
速记口诀:有a肯定,无a否定;few可数,little不可数。
⚠️ 易错提醒:表示“请求、建议、邀请”的疑问句中,用 some,不用 any。Would you like some tea?
真题实战(2025·中考真题改编):
We have ______ bread, but we have ______ eggs. Let‘s buy some eggs.
A. a little; few B. little; a few C. a few; little D. few; a little
答案:A解析:面包不可数,有一点→ a little;鸡蛋可数,几乎没有→ few。
六、不定代词(范围类)——both / either / neither / all / every / each / none ★★★★★
这一组考查**“两者还是三者以上”“全部还是都不”**。
| both | |||
| either | |||
| neither | |||
| all | |||
| every | |||
| each | |||
| none |
必考结构:
- both...and...
(两者都) - either...or...
(要么……要么……)——就近原则 - neither...nor...
(既不……也不……)——就近原则
⚠️ 易错提醒:neither 本身表示“两者都不”,谓语用单数:Neither answer is correct.
真题实战(2024·中考真题改编):
—Which do you prefer, tea or coffee?—______ is OK. I don‘t mind.
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. All
答案:B解析:两者中任何一个都可以→ Either。
复合不定代词:
由 some/any/no/every + one/body/thing 构成,如 someone, anything, nothing, everything。 - 形容词修饰复合不定代词要后置
:something important(重要的事)。 作主语时谓语用单数:Everything is ready.
📌 第八讲速记卡(精华总结)
| 人称代词 | ||
| 物主代词 | ||
| 反身代词 | ||
| 指示代词 | ||
| 数量不定代词 | ||
| 范围不定代词 |
💬 互动时间
评论区回答我三个问题:
- This is not ______ (I) book. ______ (I) is on the desk.
(两个空分别填什么?) - The little girl can look after ______ (she).
(填什么?) - —Would you like ______ (some / any) coffee? —Yes, please.
(选一个)
答案和解析我会在评论区置顶回复。
明天预告:第九讲——中考最常考的6组连词(and/but/or/so、because、if、when……),明天下午6:00,不见不散!
我是Anna老师,一个帮你把单词从“认识”变成“会用”的老师。
如果你觉得这篇有用,点个,也可以转发给更多正在背单词的同学。#初中英语 #高中英语 #英语语法大全 #中考英语语法 #中考必考#初一#初二#初三#初中语法#初中家长必看