中考英语“猜词义”专项复习题

中考英语阅读理解中的猜词义题，通常不是考查单词是否认识，而是考查能否根据上下文线索推断出生词、熟词生义或一词多义在具体语境中的准确含义。掌握常见线索与推断方法，是解答此类题目的关键。常见的解题线索有以下六种。

1. 定义线索：句中出现 be, mean, refer to, that is, in other words 等词语，或破折号、逗号后的解释性内容，直接说明词义。

2. 对比线索：由 but, however, while, unlike, instead 等引出相反信息，借助反义关系推断词义。

3. 因果线索：由 because, so, therefore, as a result 等表明因果关系，根据原因或结果推断词义。

4. 举例线索：由 such as, for example, like, including 等引出例子，归纳例子的共同特征。

5. 构词法：利用前缀、后缀和合成词知识推测词义，如 care＋less → careless（粗心的）。

6. 语境推断：综合句子前后意思、生活常识和逻辑关系，整体判断词义。

第一部分　单句猜词义·基础训练

根据下列各句中的上下文线索，选出画线单词或词组的最佳释义。

1. For several months there was no rain in this area. The long droughtcaused many crops to die.

The underlined word "drought" probably means ______.

A. 洪水　B. 干旱C. 地震　D. 台风

2. The film was really boring. I fell asleep halfway through it, and so did my friend.

The underlined word "boring" probably means ______.

A. 刺激的B. 感人的C. 无聊的　D. 惊险的

3. Unlike his talkative brother, Sam is very quiet and seldom speaks at parties.

The underlined word "talkative" probably means ______.

A. 沉默的　B. 害羞的C. 粗鲁的　D. 健谈的

4. Because the heavy rain flooded the road, the drivers had to detouraround the town.

The underlined word "detour" probably means ______.

A. 停留　B. 绕行C. 加速　D. 返航

5. Many wild animals, such as pandas, tigers and elephants, are now endangered.

The underlined word "endangered" probably means ______.

A. 常见的　B. 珍贵的C. 濒危的　D. 危险的

6. The young man is very courageous. He dared to walk into the burning house to save the child.

The underlined word "courageous" probably means ______.

A. 愚蠢的　B. 冲动的C. 年轻的　D. 勇敢的

7. Tom's alarm clock didn't go off this morning, so he was late for school again.

The underlined phrase "go off" probably means ______.

A. 离开　B. 关闭C. 响　D. 熄灭

8. At first the problem seemed simple, but when we tried to solve it, we found it was quite complicated.

The underlined word "complicated" probably means ______.

A. 复杂的　B. 简单的C. 有趣的　D. 容易的

9. To keep healthy, you should eat a balanced diet with different kinds of food and do sports regularly.

The underlined word "balanced" probably means ______.

A. 单调的　B. 均衡的C. 美味的　D. 昂贵的

10. Mike wanted to buy the new phone, but he couldn't affordit because it was too expensive for him.

The underlined word "afford" probably means ______.

A. 买得起　B. 摸得着C. 想得到　D. 留得住

【阅读理解·猜词义】

阅读下面三篇短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳答案。画线单词或词组需结合语境推断其在文中的含义。

Passage A

Mr. Green was a retired teacher. After he retired, he moved to a small village and began to plant trees on the empty hills around it. His neighbors laughed at him. “You are too old to see these trees grow up,” they said. But Mr. Green just smiled and kept working.

Every day, he got up early, carried water from the river and watered the young trees. When it was dry, he worked even harder. Ten years passed. The barehills became green forests. Birds sang in the trees, and small animals came to live there. The village became more beautiful.

One day, a reporter came to interview him. “Why do you plant trees though you may never see them fully grow?” asked the reporter. Mr. Green answered, “I plant trees not for myself, but for my grandchildren and all the people after us. Some things take a long time, but they are worth doing.”

Now people in the village call him “the tree man”. His story tells us: what we do today may not benefitourselves, but it can make the world better for the future.

1. The underlined word "bare" in Paragraph 2 probably means ______.

A. 光秃秃的　B. 绿油油的C. 陡峭的　D. 宽阔的

2. The underlined word "benefit" in the last paragraph probably means ______.

A. 伤害　B. 使……受益C.改变　D.影响

3. What can we learn from Mr. Green's story?

A. Working hard can make us rich.

B. Planting trees is the only way to be famous.

C. What we do today may make the world better for the future.

D. Old people should stay at home instead of working.

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