真题出处：1988年第2篇
难度系数：6.01
维度1：真题再现（阅读理解）
If you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior. Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes. One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand. Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment. In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.
Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency composition of the noise. Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working (or sitting) in music halls where rock bands are playing. In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels (a measure of the loudness of sound) can be considered dangerous. Decibel values correspond to various sounds. Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss. Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or intermittent.
Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind (e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).
Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise. If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensate for the effect. The problem is noise.
1）Noise differs from sound in that ________.
[A] it is sounds that interfere with the task being done
[B] it is a special type of loud sound
[C] it is usually unavoidable in big cities
[D] it can be defined more precisely than the latter
2）One of the harmful effects of noise on human performance is that ________.
[A] it deprives one of the enjoyment of music
[B] it drowns out conversations at worksites
[C] it reduces one’s sensitivity
[D] it renders the victim helpless
3）The purpose of this passage is ________.
[A] to warn people of the danger of noise pollution
[B] to define the effects of noise on human behavior
[C] to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss
[D] to tell the difference between noise and sound
维度2：语块快递
1）to be quite familiar with some of the problems of noise 对噪声带来的若干问题相当熟悉
2）to be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior 意识到它对人类行为影响的程度
3）to be unrelated to the task at hand 与手头正在进行的任务无关
4）there has been a great deal of interest in 人们对…… 产生了浓厚的兴趣（经典存在句型，被动转主动更符合中文习惯）
5）continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels 持续暴露在 80 分贝以上的声音环境中（exposure to sth 暴露于，科研高频名词短语）
6）to correspond to various sounds与各类声音相对应
7）to have unexpected harmful effects on对…… 产生意料之外的有害影响
8）to be responsible for是…… 的原因；对…… 负责【语境提示：本主题（噪声研究）优先译：造成，导致】
9）to watch a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft监视雷达屏幕，留意飞机的出现
10）to carry on a conversation进行交谈；对话
11）to compensate for the effect抵消这一影响；对该效应进行补偿
维度3：写译句型
句型：there has been+主语句型
请看阅读段落中的句子：In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior......该句属于there be句型，使用完成体，表示这股研究/关注热潮从过去一段时间开始，持续到现在依然存在。there be句型的核心功能是引出“存在某事物”，不强调谁产生，该句型适合学术写作。这类句子翻译成汉语时，中文习惯转换主语，不会直译“有大量兴趣”，改为“人们对…… 产生浓厚兴趣”。上面这个句子就翻译成：近年来，人们对噪声给人类行为造成的影响产生了浓厚兴趣……。
请看下面的例句：
In the past decade there has been much research into the harmful impacts of noise on people’s concentration.在过去十年里，已有大量研究探讨噪声对人们注意力产生的有害影响。
Over the last few years there has been growing concern about the risks of continuous exposure to high decibel sounds.过去几年，人们越来越担忧持续暴露在高分贝声音环境下带来的风险。
维度4：长难句透视
段落句子：Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind (e.g., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).
句子框架结构：
主句：Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks
举例衔接：for instance,
举例分句（条件复合句）：if one is performing a watch keeping task [that引导定语从句1] , [which引导定语从句2]
知识点衔接：e.g.是举例说明的信号词，它针对前面的名词或概念举出一个或多个代表性例子（不代表穷尽所有例子）。在阅读时，遇到这样的结构，往往可以跳读，以节约时间。
汉语译文：噪声会对某些类型任务的执行产生意料之外的有害影响。例如，如果一个人正在执行一项需要保持警惕的监视任务，在这类任务中他要负责探测各类微弱信号（如监视雷达屏幕，留意飞机的出现）。
维度5：单词节点
节点词尾：以字母-ate结尾的单词（3）
考研英语（一）教学大纲词汇表有163个以字母-ate结尾的单词，在第01和03期，我们分别学习了25个。今天的阅读有单词unrelated和compensate这两个单词，我们先看看这两个单词的例句。
Police said his death was unrelated to the attack.警方说他的死和那次袭击无关。
James was adopted by a different family, leaving him unrelated to Beth biologically.詹姆斯被另一个家庭收养，这导致他与贝丝在生物学上毫无关联（没有血缘关系）。
Victims of the crash will be compensated for their injuries.车祸的受害者会得到伤害赔偿。
Nothing will ever compensate for his lost childhood.什么也不能弥补他失去的童年。
His enthusiasm more than compensates for his lack of experience.他的热情大大弥补了经验的不足。
以字母-ate结尾的单词（3）
汉译英练习
请将下面的句子翻译成英语，翻译时，请使用there has been句型。
1）自 20 世纪 90 年代以来，关于城市地区噪声污染治理方法的讨论广泛展开。
2）近几十年来，有大量证据表明噪声会对人类交流产生负面影响。
练习答案
阅读理解
1 | 2 | 3 |
A | C | B |
汉译英参考译文
1）Since the 1990s there has been a wide discussion on ways to reduce noise pollution in urban areas.
2）Over recent decades there has been plenty of evidence for noise’s negative effects on human communication.
