定语从句，就是用一个完整的句子做定语，来修饰前面的名词。The man who wears a red shirt is my neighbor.（穿红衣服的那个人是我邻居。）“who wears a red shirt”就是定语从句，修饰前面的 the man。
🔹 核心术语（只要记住这三个词就行）
土办法记： 先有“先行词”（谁/什么），再用“关系词”（接上）去描述它。✦ ✦ ✦
第二部分：关系词怎么选？——一张表全搞定
🔹 关系词速查表
口诀：人用who/that，物用which/that，谁的用whose，万能选that！
🔹 两步选对关系词（核心方法！）
第一步：看先行词是人还是物。· 人 → 优先选 who（或 that）· 物 → 优先选 which（或 that）第二步：看关系词在从句里干什么活。· 作主语（缺“谁”或“什么”）→ 用 who / which / that· 作宾语（缺“谁”或“什么”的接收者）→ 用 whom / which / that（可省略）· 作定语（表示“谁的”）→ 用 whose
🔹 实战演示（一步一步跟着想）
例1： I know the boy ______ is playing there.· 第一步：先行词是 the boy（人）· 第二步：从句缺主语（谁在玩？→ 男孩在玩）· 答案：who（或 that）例2： This is the book ______ I bought yesterday.· 第一步：先行词是 the book（物）· 第二步：从句缺宾语（我买什么？→ 买书）· 答案：which（或 that，可省略）例3： Do you know the girl ______ father is a teacher?· 第一步：先行词是 the girl（人）· 第二步：从句缺定语（谁的爸爸？→ 女孩的爸爸）· 答案：whose
✏️ 小练习①（第1-5题）
The boy ______ is reading a book is my brother.A. which B. whom C. who D. whoseThis is the house ______ I lived ten years ago.A. that B. who C. whose D. whomDo you know the girl ______ father is a teacher?A. who B. which C. whose D. whomThe book ______ cover is red is mine.A. who B. which C. whose D. thatI like the music ______ he plays.A. who B. whose C. which D. whom答案：1.C 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.C✦ ✦ ✦
第三部分：关系词省略规则——什么时候“砍掉”它？
🔹 核心规则：作宾语时可以省略
当关系词在从句里作宾语时，可以省略（也叫“砍掉”）。· The book (which) I bought yesterday is interesting.（我昨天买的那本书很有意思）· The man (whom) you met is my teacher.（你遇见的那个人是我老师）判断方法： 关系词后面紧跟“主语 + 动词”，且从句不缺主语 → 关系词作宾语 → 可以省略。
🔹 作主语时绝对不能省！
· ❌ The man is playing there is my teacher.（缺主语）· ✅ The man who is playing there is my teacher.判断方法： 关系词后面直接跟动词 → 关系词作主语 → 不能省。
✏️ 小练习②（第6-8题）
The man ______ you met yesterday is my uncle.A. which B. whose C. whom D. whoThe boy ______ is reading a book is my brother.A. who B. whom C. which D. whoseThe book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting.A. who B. whose C. which D. whom答案：6.C 7.A 8.C✦ ✦ ✦
第四部分：只能用that的情况——中考必考！
🔹 四种情况，必须用that
口诀：不定代词最高级，序数only和very，通通that来搞定！
✏️ 小练习③（第9-13题）
This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen.A. that B. which C. who D. whomAll ______ glitters is not gold.A. which B. that C. who D. whatI have nothing ______ I can give you.A. which B. who C. that D. whatThis is the first time ______ I have been here.A. which B. that C. who D. whenThe only thing ______ I can do is wait.A. which B. that C. who D. what答案：9.A 10.B 11.C 12.B 13.B✦ ✦ ✦
第五部分：定语从句的两大分类——“逗号”有大作用！
🔹 限制性定语从句（没逗号）
· 定义：不能删，删了句子意思不完整。· 关系词：可以用that· The man who wears a red shirt is my neighbor.（“穿红衣服的”不能删，否则不知道是哪个邻居）
🔹 非限制性定语从句（有逗号）
· 定义：可以删，删了意思仍然完整（补充说明）。· 关系词：不能用that，只能用who/whom/which· My father, who is 60 years old, is a teacher.（“60岁了”是补充信息，删了也没事）口诀：有逗号，不能用that！
✏️ 小练习④（第14-15题）
My father, ______ is a doctor, works very hard.A. who B. which C. that D. whomThe book ______ I bought yesterday is very interesting.A. who B. whose C. which D. whom答案：14.A 15.C✦ ✦ ✦
细节①：doing一定表示“正在进行”吗？不一定。也可以表示“一般情况”：· The factory making cars = 制造汽车的工厂（不是“正在制造”，是“从事制造”）细节②：done一定表示“被动”吗？不一定。有些已经变成形容词了：· The fallen leaves = 落叶（不强调“被落下”）· The retired teacher = 退休的老师细节③：to do也可以作定语！· I have a lot of work to do.（要做的工作 → 还没做）终极口诀：doing正在干，done已干完，to do将要干。
✏️ 小练习⑤（第16-25题）
The girl ______ there is my sister.A. stands B. standing C. stood D. standThe house ______ in 1990 is very old.A. build B. building C. built D. to buildThe book ______ by Lu Xun is very famous.A. write B. writing C. written D. to writeThe man ______ a red shirt is my teacher.A. wears B. wearing C. worn D. to wearThe bridge ______ now will be completed next year.A. build B. building C. being built D. builtThe problem ______ at the meeting yesterday was very difficult.A. discuss B. discussing C. discussed D. to discussThe students ______ the classroom are from Class One.A. clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. to cleanThe letter ______ in English is from my pen pal.A. write B. writing C. written D. to writeThe trees ______ in the park are very tall.A. plant B. planting C. planted D. to plantThe boy ______ name is Tom is my classmate.A. who B. whom C. whose D. which答案：16.B 17.C 18.C 19.B 20.C 21.C 22.B 23.C 24.C 25.C✦ ✦ ✦
第七部分：综合拔高练习（第26-40题）
The man ______ you are looking for is over there.A. who B. whom C. which D. whoseThe house ______ in 1990 is very old.A. build B. building C. built D. to buildDo you know the girl ______ father is a doctor?A. who B. which C. whose D. whomThis is the best movie ______ I have ever seen.A. that B. which C. who D. whomThe woman ______ is talking to my mother is a nurse.A. which B. whom C. who D. whoseThe book ______ cover is red is mine.A. who B. which C. whose D. thatAll ______ glitters is not gold.A. which B. that C. who D. whatThe boy ______ playing there is my brother.（判断正误，如有错请改正）The girl who is singing on the stage is my sister.（改为分词短语）The book written by Lu Xun is very famous.（改为定语从句）The man ______ a red shirt is my teacher.A. wears B. wearing C. worn D. to wearThe bridge ______ next year will be very long.A. build B. building C. built D. to be builtI have nothing ______ I can give you.A. which B. who C. that D. whatThe children ______ in the garden are very happy.A. play B. playing C. played D. to playThe problem ______ now is very important.A. discuss B. discussing C. being discussed D. discussed答案：26.B 27.C 28.C 29.A 30.C 31.C 32.B 33.正确（playing作定语） 34.The girl singing on the stage is my sister. 35.The book which was written by Lu Xun is very famous. 36.B 37.D 38.C 39.B 40.C✦ ✦ ✦
第八部分：填空题（用所给动词的适当形式填空）（第41-50题）
The girl ________ (sing) on the stage is my sister.The building ________ (build) last year is a library.I have a lot of homework ________ (do).The book ________ (write) in 1950 is still popular.The man ________ (wear) a black hat is my uncle.The problem ________ (discuss) now is very important.The bridge ________ (build) next year will be very long.The story ________ (tell) by my grandmother is very interesting.Do you know the girl ________ (call) Mary?I have nothing ________ (say) about it.答案：41.singing 42.built 43.to do 44.written 45.wearing 46.being discussed 47.to be built 48.told 49.called 50.to say✦ ✦ ✦
第九部分：改错题（找出错误并改正）（第51-55题）
The man which is standing there is my uncle.错误：________ 改正：________This is the book whose I bought yesterday.错误：________ 改正：________The girl who father is a doctor is my classmate.错误：________ 改正：________This is the best book which I have ever read.错误：________ 改正：________The book writing by him is very famous.错误：________ 改正：________答案：51.which→who 52.whose→which/that（或省略） 53.who→whose 54.which→that 55.writing→written✦ ✦ ✦
第十部分：句型转换（第56-60题）
The man who is standing there is my father.→ ________________________________________The book which was written by Lu Xun is very famous.→ ________________________________________The girl who is singing on the stage is my sister.→ ________________________________________The boy named Tom is my classmate.→ ________________________________________The woman wearing a red dress is a singer.→ ________________________________________答案：56.The man standing there is my father. 57.The book written by Lu Xun is very famous. 58.The girl singing on the stage is my sister. 59.The boy who is named Tom is my classmate. 60.The woman who is wearing a red dress is a singer.✦ ✦ ✦
