
四六级阅读-阅读理解练习
01场景五:健康科学与营养学(仔细阅读·观点态度题)
Passage 5
The debate over ultra-processed foods (UPFs) has intensified in recent years, with some studies linking them to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and even cancer. However, the definition of "ultra-processed" remains contentious. Critics argue that the NOVA classification system, which categorizes foods based on processing level rather than nutritional content, is overly broad and may stigmatize nutritious foods like whole-grain bread or yogurt. Proponents of UPF research counter that the issue is not processing per se, but the industrial formulations that prioritize shelf life and palatability over health. They emphasize that the problem lies in the combination of additives, refined ingredients, and aggressive marketing, not the mere fact of processing. As the scientific community grapples with these nuances, policymakers are urged to focus on food quality and dietary patterns rather than simplistic labels.
02 选项
Question:
What is the author's attitude towards the current debate on ultra-processed foods?
A. Strongly supportive of the NOVA classification system.
B. Critical of all research linking UPFs to health risks.
C. Objective and nuanced, acknowledging complexities in the debate.
D. Indifferent to the scientific controversies surrounding UPFs.
03答案解析
Answers:
正确答案:C
1. 题目定位与考点分析:这是一道观点态度题。题干询问“作者对当前超加工食品辩论的态度”,需综合全文基调,关注作者使用的形容词、转折词及结论性语句。文中既呈现了“studies linking UPFs to health risks”(将UPF与健康风险关联的研究),也提到了“definition... remains contentious”(定义仍有争议)、“critics argue... overly broad”(批评者认为过于宽泛)、“proponents counter...”(支持者反驳),最后以“policymakers are urged to focus on food quality... rather than simplistic labels”(政策制定者应关注食品质量而非简单标签)收尾。这种平衡呈现正反观点、强调“nuances”(细微差别)的表述,体现了客观、 nuanced 的态度。
2. 选项逐一拆解:
A选项(错误): “强烈支持NOVA分类系统。” 原文提到该系统被批评“overly broad”,且作者未明确支持,属于过度推断。
B选项(错误): “批评所有将UPF与健康风险关联的研究。” 原文仅呈现批评者的观点,未表明作者“critical of all research”,且作者承认“studies linking UPFs to health risks”存在,属于以偏概全。
C选项(正确): “客观且细致,承认辩论中的复杂性。” 选项中的“objective and nuanced”“acknowledging complexities”精准对应原文“contentious”“nuances”“grapples with these nuances”,体现了作者对正反观点的平衡呈现和对问题复杂性的认知。
D选项(错误): “对围绕UPF的科学争议漠不关心。” 作者详细呈现了争议双方观点并提出建议,显然不是“indifferent”,属于与原文相反。
04文章解析
近年来,关于超加工食品(UPFs)的争论日益激烈,一些研究将其与肥胖、心血管疾病甚至癌症联系起来。然而,“超加工”的定义至今仍存在争议。批评者指出,NOVA分类系统仅仅根据加工程度而非营养成分来对食品进行分类,这种划分过于宽泛,可能会给全麦面包或酸奶等营养食品“抹黑”。
支持超加工食品研究的学者则反驳称,问题并不在于“加工”本身,而在于那些将保质期和口感置于健康之上的工业配方。他们强调,真正的问题在于添加剂、精制成分和激进营销手段的结合,而并非仅仅是因为食品经过了加工。
随着科学界努力理清这些复杂的细节,政策制定者被呼吁应将关注点放在食品质量和整体饮食模式上,而不是简单地给食品贴上标签。
💡 翻译小贴士
这段文字里有几个非常地道且专业的学术表达,在翻译时做了针对性的处理:
Contentious:意思是“有争议的”,在学术语境中通常翻译为“存在争议”或“备受争议”。
Stigmatize:原意是“使蒙受污名”,在这里结合语境,处理成“给……抹黑”或“污名化”,非常生动地表达了批评者的担忧。
Processing per se:“per se” 是个很好用的拉丁语借词,意思是“本身、本质上”。翻译时处理成了“‘加工’本身”,让对比逻辑更清晰。
Grapples with these nuances:“grapple with” 意思是“努力应对/理清”,“nuances” 指的是“细微差别/复杂之处”。连在一起翻译成“努力理清这些复杂的细节”,很符合中文的表达习惯。
05解题技巧总结:
态度题的解题关键在于识别作者的情感倾向词和逻辑结构:
客观态度标志词: “contentious”“nuances”“grapples with”“urged to focus on... rather than...”等,表明作者在呈现多方观点,避免绝对化判断。
转折词的作用: “However”“Critics argue”“Proponents counter”等转折词提示作者在不同观点间切换,而非单一立场。
结论句的导向: 末句“policymakers are urged to focus on food quality... rather than simplistic labels”体现了作者对“复杂性”的强调,而非简单支持或反对某一方。解题时需避免将“呈现某方观点”等同于“支持该观点”,作者的态度往往体现在对观点的平衡呈现和对复杂性的认知上。

思小白教育旗舰店
购买咨询课程请移步淘宝