本模块为2025年医学考博英语真题精讲，医学考博英语共五种题型：听力、词汇、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译与写作。整套真题精讲计划用时17天，本次是阅读理解部分精讲，计划用时六天，今天是第三天。
题量、分值及时间分配
阅读理解板块一共30道单选题，每题1分。试题由6篇短文组成，单篇文章字数区间为300–500词，每篇文章对应5道小题，考生需要阅读文章后，从四个选项中挑选最佳答案。整套医学考博英语统考总时长165分钟，答题分为两大板块：试卷一作答限时115分钟，试卷二写作部分安排50分钟。试卷一包含听力、词汇、完形填空、阅读理解。听力部分固定占用30分钟，剩余时间需要分配给其余题型。阅读理解建议预留65分钟作答，每篇约用时10分钟。这就要求考生加快词汇、完形填空的做题速度，防止最后没有充足时间完成阅读题目。
阅读理解部分计划
阅读理解部分共六篇文章，每篇文章有五道选择题。为保证阅读的连贯性与上下文的一致性，该部分每日精讲一篇文章，分六天完成。今日精讲第三篇文章。后附答案解析、解题技巧及高频考点总结。
Passage Three
11. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. All addictive disorders can be cured with NIBS.
B. The sustained efficacy of NIBS remains uncertain.
C. NIBS is only effective for alcohol use disorder.
D. NIBS is limited to short‑term tobacco abstinence.
12. Which of the following is TRUE about tDCS and TMS?
A. TDCS uses magnetic pulses, while TMS uses electrical currents.
B. TMS is superior to tDCS for treating nicotine addiction.
C. Both methods modulate brain excitability.
D. Both methods require surgical implantation.
13. What is the primary conclusion of the systematic review?
A. NIBS may double the likelihood of long‑term tobacco abstinence.
B. NIBS has no significant effect on smoking cessation.
C. Sustained abstinence from smoking would be impracticable.
D. Tobacco abstinence generally lasts 3‑6 months.
14. What does Dr. Petit imply about future research on NIBS for smoking cessation?
A. Current evidence is sufficient for widespread clinical adoption.
B. NIBS should be abandoned due to high bias in existing studies
C. Ongoing trials may solidify NIBS as a viable cessation tool.
D. Short‑term abstinence is the only realistic goal for NIBS.
15. What is Dr. Petit’s attitude toward NIBS based on his statement?
A. Dismissive.
B. Cautiously optimistic.
C. Fully confident.
D. Skeptical.
答案速查： 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.B
【内容梗概】
本文介绍法国科研团队经荟萃分析，发现非侵入性脑刺激能够大幅提升吸烟者长期戒烟的成功率，有望成为新式戒烟手段。
【参考译文】
【题目精析】
11. What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A. All addictive disorders can be cured with NIBS.
B. The sustained efficacy of NIBS remains uncertain.
C. NIBS is only effective for alcohol use disorder.
D. NIBS is limited to short‑term tobacco abstinence.
【精析】细节理解题。题干问的是“从第一段中能了解到什么”。第一段提到NIBS对于长期维持戒烟状态的作用，人们依旧知之甚少。说明其长期疗效的不确定性。B选项“非侵入性脑刺激的长期疗效依旧不确定”，与原文相符。
12. Which of the following is TRUE about tDCS and TMS?
A. TDCS uses magnetic pulses, while TMS uses electrical currents.
B. TMS is superior to tDCS for treating nicotine addiction.
C. Both methods modulate brain excitability.
D. Both methods require surgical implantation.
【精析】细节理解题。题干问的是“关于tDCS和TMS的说法哪个正确”。利用题干信息“tDCS”和“TMS”定位到原文第三段。文中提到tDCS依靠安置在患者头皮之上的电极，微弱电流能够调节神经元的兴奋程度。TMS则使用贴于患者头皮的金属线圈产生磁脉冲。依据脉冲频率的不同，靶向区域的神经兴奋性可以被调高或者调低。说明二者都能调节大脑兴奋性。C选项“这两种方法都能调节大脑的兴奋性”与原文相符。
13. What is the primary conclusion of the systematic review?
A. NIBS may double the likelihood of long‑term tobacco abstinence.
B. NIBS has no significant effect on smoking cessation.
C. Sustained abstinence from smoking would be impracticable.
D. Tobacco abstinence generally lasts 3‑6 months.
【精析】细节理解题。题干问的是“系统评价的主要结论是什么”。根据关键词conclusion定位到第四段“By pooling the 7 included studies…”后就是此研究的结论。文中指出相较于假性刺激组，接受正规非侵入性脑刺激人群持续戒烟风险比为2.39，代表接受该疗法的吸烟者长期成功戒烟的概率高出对照组2.39倍。A选项“NIBS可能使长期戒烟的可能性翻倍”，与原文相符。
14. What does Dr. Petit imply about future research on NIBS for smoking cessation?
A. Current evidence is sufficient for widespread clinical adoption.
B. NIBS should be abandoned due to high bias in existing studies
C. Ongoing trials may solidify NIBS as a viable cessation tool.
D. Short‑term abstinence is the only realistic goal for NIBS.
【精析】推理判断题。题干问的是“佩蒂博士对未来NIBS戒烟研究暗示了什么”。利用关键词Dr. Petit定位到最后一段。佩蒂博士提到正在进行的试验认可了NIBS是帮助戒烟人群、具备发展前景的全新方案。C选项“正在进行的试验可能会巩固NIBS作为可行的戒烟工具”，与原文相符。
15. What is Dr. Petit’s attitude toward NIBS based on his statement?
A. Dismissive.
B. Cautiously optimistic.
C. Fully confident.
D. Skeptical.
【精析】态度题。题干问的是“佩蒂博士的话表明他对NIBS的态度”。文章最后一段佩蒂博士提到虽然研究样本规模有限、证据置信度偏低，但结果依旧稳定可靠，对NIBS用于短期和长期戒烟有信心，说明他是持谨慎乐观的态度。Dismissive不屑一顾的， Skeptical持怀疑态度的Fully confident坚信的
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阅读理解中的常见题型总结
态度题
态度类阅读理解题型主要用来判断作者对待事件的主观评价。该类考题有时需要考生总结作者看法，和主旨题出题形式相近，区别在于它只针对单个事件设置考点。常见设问形式如下：
1. Which of the following statement fits the writer’s standpoint best?
2. What viewpoint does the writer hold?
3. What is the writer’s feeling towards …?
4. The writer appears to support …
1. non‑invasive adj. 非侵入性的
2. stimulation n. 刺激
3. therapeutic adj. 治疗的
4. addictive adj. 成瘾的
5. efficacy n. 功效，疗效
6. cessation n. 停止，戒除
7. modulate v. 调节
8. abstinence n.节制，戒酒，禁食
9. randomized adj. 随机的
10. robust adj. 可靠稳固的，强健的
11.sham adj. 虚假的，假装的
12. variability n. 可变性，变化性
【难句精讲】
By pooling the 7 included studies, the risk ratio of sustained abstinence of any form of NIBS relative to sham NIBS was 2.39, meaning smokers who received NIBS had a 2.39‑times‑higher likelihood of long‑term smoking abstinence than smokers who received sham NIBS.
1.状语 By pooling the 7 included studies
‑ by‑介词短语，作方式状语；
‑ pooling：动名词；the 7 included studies 动名词宾语；included为过去分词作后置定语，修饰studies，释义：被纳入的研究
2.主句 the risk ratio of sustained abstinence of any form of NIBS relative to sham NIBS was 2.39
(1) 主语：the risk ratio（风险比）
(2) 多层后置定语：
• of sustained abstinence 持续戒断（戒烟）的
• of any form of NIBS 任意形式非侵入脑刺激的
• relative to sham NIBS（介词短语）相对于假性脑刺激
(3) 系动词：was
(4) 表语：2.39
3.伴随状语（现在分词结构）‑ meaning 现在分词，承接主句结果，充当伴随状语，后面接完整宾语从句
meaning smokers who received NIBS had a 2.39‑times‑higher likelihood of long‑term smoking abstinence than smokers who received sham NIBS
宾语从句内部拆解
(1) 从句主句：smokers had a 2.39‑times‑higher likelihood
主语：smokers
定语：who received NIBS 限制性定语从句，修饰前面smokers（接受脑刺激的吸烟者）
谓语：had
宾语：a 2.39‑times‑higher likelihood
后置定语：of long‑term smoking abstinence 长期戒烟的（可能性）
(2) than‑比较状语分句 than smokers who received sham NIBS
‑ who received sham NIBS 定语从句修饰smokers，即接受假性刺激的吸烟者
整体逻辑
方式状语 → 主干陈述风险比数值 → 分词伴随结构解释该数值代表的含义，嵌套两层定语从句修饰两组受试人群。
医学考博英语
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