本模块为2025年医学考博英语真题精讲，医学考博英语共五种题型：听力、词汇、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译与写作。整套真题精讲计划用时17天，本次是完形填空部分精讲，计划用时一天。
题量及分值
本题旨在检验学生依托语篇，综合理解并灵活运用英语的水平，实词与虚词的考查比重基本持平。名词、动词、形容词、副词这类实词带有实际含义，可以独立表达语义；而虚词主要承担语法连接作用，像从属连词、关系代词、冠词、介词，还有表达时态、语态的结构词都属于这一类。
本题共计10小题，每题1分，总分10分。考题形式为一篇篇幅约200词的英语短文，内含10个空，每空设置四个选项。作答时，考生要把握全文主旨大意，结合上下文，选出最合适的选项，保证全文用词、语法、句式和行文逻辑通顺严谨。
完形填空部分计划
为保证阅读的连贯性与上下文的一致性，完形填空部分用时一天完成。今日精讲该篇文章的十道题。后附答案解析、解题技巧及高频考点总结。
Hyperthermia is generally regarded as a mean body temperature higher than normal. High body temperature is often caused by illness, 51 fever or heat stroke. Research has shown that elevated body temperature can damage and kill cancerous cells with minimal injury 52 normal cells. The main 53 involved is by killing the cancer cells, by destructing proteins and the structure within cells. 54 hyperthermia may shrink tumors.
Hyperthermia may make some of the tumor cells more 55 to radiations or damage other cancer cells which cannot be damaged by radiation. Many times, it also increases the effects of certain anticancer 56 . In this study, we would focus on use of heat to treat cancer. Hyperthermia is 57 applicable with different other forms of cancer therapy, including radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The aim of the study was to treat many types of cancer including brain, liver, sarcoma, lung, esophagus, breast, bladder, rectum and peritoneal lining. There are over 100 types of cancers present in the world and are classified 58 cell type.
According to GLOBOCAN statistics analysis, 14.1 million new cancer cases, 8.2 million cancer deaths and 32.6 million people 59 cancer were reported. The American Cancer society in 2014 provided the annual report, according to which there will be an estimated 1,665,540 new cancer cases diagnosed. Hyperthermia is under clinical trials and is not widely available.
However, 60 receiving those combination therapies, only few have shown increased survival in patients. Various techniques of hyperthermia are presently under investigation that includes local, regional and whole-body hyperthermia.
51. A. like B. such as C. as D. through
52. A. by B. for C. in D. to
53. A. mechanism B. device C. tool D. use
54. A. Thus B. However C. Lest D. Instead
55. A. accustomed B. feasible C. prone D. essential
56. A. ingredients B. agents C. replacements D. elements
57. A. lonely B. constantly C. narrowly D. widely
58. A. in terms of B. in accord with C. according to D. out of
59. A. living with B. live with C. to live with D. lives with
60. A. when B. while C. as if D. or
答案速查：1. B 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. B
【参考译文】
通常认为，高热是指体温高于正常水平。高烧往往由疾病引起，例如发烧或中暑。研究表明，体温升高可以损伤并杀死癌细胞，同时对正常细胞的损伤极小。其主要机制是通过破坏癌细胞内的蛋白质和结构来杀死癌细胞。因此，高热可能使肿瘤缩小。
高热可能会使部分肿瘤细胞对辐射更敏感，或者破坏其他无法被辐射破坏的癌细胞。很多时候，它还能增强某些抗癌药物的疗效。本研究将重点探讨利用热疗治疗癌症。高热可广泛地与其他癌症治疗方法联合使用，包括放射疗法和化学疗法。该研究旨在治疗多种癌症，包括脑癌、肝癌、肉瘤、肺癌、食管癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、直肠癌和腹膜癌。世界上已知的癌症超过100种，并根据细胞类型进行分类。
【答案】与【精析】
51. High body temperature is often caused by illness,such as fever or heat stroke.
【精析】语义衔接题。后面提到两种症状，因此句中缺介词来列举导致体温升高的疾病。like 作介词时，表示“像”，虽可表举例，但偏口语化。as 作介词时，表示“作为”，through 表示通过。只有such as 用于举例，符合前后文逻辑以及正式文体表达，故选 such as。
52. Research has shown that elevated body temperature can damage and kill cancerous cells with minimal injuryto normal cells.
【精析】短语搭配题。" with minimal iniury to..〞是固定搭配，表示"对……最小伤害”，事物的作用对象用介词to, 用在此处表示：高温对正常细胞的损伤最小。故用to。
53. The main mechanism involved is by killing the cancer cells, by destructing proteins and the structure within cells.
【精析】语义衔接题。本句是在解释高热治疗癌症的原理是什么。mechanism 机制，原理; device 装备，设备; tool 工具; use 用途，使用。根据前后文句意，这里指高温杀死癌细胞的主要工作原理或作用机制，故选mechanism。
54. Thus hyperthermia may shrink tumors.
【精析】逻辑衔接题。前一句提到高热疗法的作用机制是通过破坏细胞内蛋白质和结构杀死瘤细胞，与后文的导致肿瘤缩小,两者是因果关系。thus 因此,表示因果关系; however 然而，表示转折关系; lest 以免，唯恐，表示条件关系; instead 代替，表示代替关系。故选Thus。
55.Hyperthermia may make some of the tumor cells more prone to radiations or damage other cancer cells which cannot be damaged by radiation.
【精析】语义衔接题。根据句意，高热状态可能使某些肿瘤细胞更容易受到辐射的影响。 be accustomed to 习惯于; be feasible to 做……是可行的; be prone to 有……的倾向，易于…; be essential to 对……必不可少。只有 be prone to 表达高热对对抗肿瘤细胞起到的积极作用，故选prone。
56. Many times, it also increases the effects of certain anticancer agents.
【精析】语义衔接题。根据句意，这里继续讲高热的积极作用，与anticancer(抗癌)搭配。ingredient成分，要素; agent 药剂，化学剂; replacement 替代品; element 要素，元素。只有 anticancer agents（抗癌药物）更符合上下文语义，故选agents。
57.In this study, we would focus on use of heat to treat cancer. Hyperthermia is widelyapplicable with different other forms of cancer therapy, including radiation therapy and chemotherapy.
【精析】语义衔接题。根据语法，空格处应该用副词用来修饰形容词applicable(适用的)。lonely形容词，孤独的;constantly不断地;narrowly狭窄地;widely广泛地。句意表示热疗在放射疗法和化学疗法中都有应用，所以widely(广泛地)更符合句意，故选widely。
58. There are over 100 types of cancers present in the world and are classified according tocell type.
【精析】语义衔接题。分析句意，这里应该表达以细胞类型为分类依据。in terms of就……而言，在……方面;in accord with与……一致;according to按照，根据;out of在……之外。只有according to符合语义，故选according to。
59.14.1 million new cancer cases, 8.2 million cancer deaths and 32.6 million people living with cancer were reported.
【精析】语法题。空格处需要填入people的修饰词，表达患癌症的人，与people之间是主动关系。B live with、D lives with都是动词短语，相当于谓语，不能直接修饰名词;C to live with是不定式，可用来修饰名词，表示将来，不符合句意。只有现在分词 living with，既可修饰名词，同时表示正在进行，表示与癌症共存的患者，故选living with。
60. However, while receiving those combination therapies, only few have shown increased survival in patients.
【精析】逻辑衔接题。本句句意为接受联合治疗的患者中，仅有少数患者的生存率有所提高。只有while能表达结果不尽如人意的这种转折，表示然而。when当……时，as if好像，or或者，均不符合逻辑关系。故选while。
完形填空中的词义辨析题
题型分析
词义辨析是完形填空的重要考查形式，常见考点包含动词、副词以及近义词区分，着重检验考生对单词词性、词义的理解能力。该题型全方位考查考生综合运用语言的能力，要求结合整篇语篇进行分析。一方面检验词汇、短语、固定搭配等基础知识储备，另一方面考验考生分辨语篇连贯性、一致性，依托全文信息开展逻辑推理的能力。
解题技巧
词义辨析类题目考查目标较为明确，建立在文章细节理解与日常单词积累之上。考生可以依靠上下文句意推断目标词汇，保证语句之间顺畅衔接。答题步骤建议：首先快速浏览全文和选项，掌握文章整体大意；随后精读语段，预判考点方向。结合上下文含义逐一筛选选项，提升答题效率。还可以结合语法点和常识排除不正确的选项。
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