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壹
As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecule, and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment.
【生词】
1. substance n.物质、材料、主要内容
2. scent n.香味、芳香、气味；v.使…带有某种香味、闻出
3. molecule n.分子、微粒、少量
4. biodiversity n.生物多样性
解析】
① As temperatures rise是As引导的时间状语从句，as是从属连词，temperatures是主语，rise是谓语动词，意思是：随着气温升高；交代了主句动作发生的背景条件；
② man-made substances release more scent molecule是主句，man-made substances是主语，releases是谓语动词，scent molecule做宾语，意思是：人造物质会释放出更多的气味分子；
③ biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment是通过并列连词and连接的两个主句，biodiversity loss是主语，due to climate change是介词短语做后置定语，修饰loss，表示：由气候变化导致的生物多样性丧失；threatens是谓语动词，the plants做宾语，that scent the environment是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the plants，that在从句中做主语，scent是从句的谓语，the environment做宾语，定语从句的意思是：为环境提供香气的植物；主句的意思是：气候变化导致的生物多样性丧失，正威胁着那些为环境提供香气的植物；
句子成分结构树状图】
[句子] As temperatures rise, man-made substances release more scent molecules, and biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment.
├─── [状语：时间状语从句] As temperatures rise
│ ├─── [连词] As
│ ├─── [主语] temperatures
│ └─── [谓语] rise
├─── [并列分句 1 主句] man-made substances release more scent molecules
│ ├─── [主语] man-made substances
│ │ ├─── [定语：复合形容词] man-made
│ │ └─── [核心名词] substances
│ ├─── [谓语] release
│ └─── [宾语] more scent molecules
│ ├─── [限定词] more
│ ├─── [定语：名词] scent
│ └─── [核心名词] molecules
├─── [并列连词] and
└─── [并列分句 2 主句] biodiversity loss due to climate change threatens the plants that scent the environment
├─── [主语] biodiversity loss
│ ├─── [定语：名词] biodiversity
│ └─── [核心名词] loss
│ └─── [后置定语：介词短语] due to climate change
│ ├─── [复合介词] due to
│ └─── [宾语] climate change
│ ├─── [定语：名词] climate
│ └─── [核心名词] change
├─── [谓语] threatens
└─── [宾语] the plants
├─── [限定词] the
└─── [核心名词] plants
└─── [后置定语：定语从句] that scent the environment
├─── [关系代词 (从句主语)] that
├─── [从句谓语] scent
└─── [从句宾语] the environment
├─── [限定词] the
└─── [核心名词] environment
【句意】
随着气温升高，人造物质会释放出更多的香气分子，而气候变化导致的生物多样性丧失，正威胁着那些为环境提供香气的植物；
贰
“If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature. If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes,” since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles released from substances, explains John Smith, a chemical engineer.
【生词】
1. profile n.外形、轮廓、简介；v.概述、扼要介绍
2. chemical adj.化学的、与化学有关的；n.化学品、化学制品
3. component n.组成部分、成分、部件；adj.组成的、构成的
4. amount n.数量、量、金额；v.达到、总计、变成
5. particle n.微粒、粒子
6. substance n.物质、材料、主要内容
【解析】
① 这个句子的核心框架是：直接引语+ since原因状语从句+主句（说话人）。说话人explains John Smith被放在了句子末尾，这是英语新闻报道中常见的“倒装引述”写法；主干倒装：explains John Smith（正常语序：John Smith explains…），两段直接引语+ since引导原因状语从句，共同作explains的宾语；
② If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature是直接引语中的第一个并列句，If you go to a forest是if引导的条件状语从句，you是主语，go是位于动词，to a forest是介词短语做地点状语，意思是：如果你走进森林；you是主句主语，have是谓语动词，a given environment and temperature是并列名词短语，作宾语，主句意思是：你有一个固定的环境与温度；
③ If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes是直接引语中的第二个并列句，If that temperature goes a little bit high是if引导的条件状语从句，that temperature是主语，goes是系动词（表示：变得），a little bit high是形容词短语作表语，a little bit 修饰 high，句子意思是：如果温度小幅上升；the profile是主语，of the chemical components是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 profile，in the air是介词短语作后置定语，修饰 chemical components，表示：空气中化学成分的构成，changes做谓语，意思是：空气中化学成分的构成就会发生改变；
④ since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles released from substances是since引导的原因状语从句，since是从属连词，引导原因状语从句，修饰整个引语内容，解释为什么温度变化会导致化学成分改变；temperature是主语，temperature是主语，can affect是谓语动词，the amount做宾语，of smell-carrying gas particles是介词短语做后置定语，修饰amount，released from substances是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 particles（相当于省略了 which are 的定语从句），表示：各类物质所释放出的携带气味的微粒数量；
⑤ explains John Smith, a chemical engineer中explain是谓语动词，一般现在时，倒装置于主语前，John Smith是主语，a chemical engineer是John Smith的同位语补充说明其身份，意思是：化学工程师John Smith解释道；
句子成分结构树状图】
[句子] “If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature. If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes,” since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles released from substances, explains John Smith, a chemical engineer.
├─── [宾语：直接引语 + 原因状语从句整体]
│ ├─── [并列分句 1：条件复合句] If you go to a forest, you have a given environment and temperature
│ │ ├─── [状语：条件状语从句] If you go to a forest
│ │ │ ├─── [连词] If
│ │ │ ├─── [主语] you
│ │ │ ├─── [谓语] go
│ │ │ └─── [状语：介词短语] to a forest
│ │ │ ├─── [介词] to
│ │ │ └─── [宾语] a forest
│ │ │ └─── [核心名词] forest
│ │ └─── [主句] you have a given environment and temperature
│ │ ├─── [主语] you
│ │ ├─── [谓语] have
│ │ └─── [宾语：并列名词短语] a given environment and temperature
│ │ ├─── [限定词] a
│ │ ├─── [定语：过去分词] given
│ │ ├─── [名词] environment
│ │ ├─── [连词] and
│ │ └─── [名词] temperature
│ ├─── [并列分句 2：条件复合句] If that temperature goes a little bit high, the profile of the chemical components in the air changes
│ │ ├─── [状语：条件状语从句] If that temperature goes a little bit high
│ │ │ ├─── [连词] If
│ │ │ ├─── [主语] that temperature
│ │ │ │ ├─── [限定词] that
│ │ │ │ └─── [核心名词] temperature
│ │ │ ├─── [系动词] goes
│ │ │ └─── [表语] a little bit high
│ │ └─── [主句] the profile of the chemical components in the air changes
│ │ ├─── [主语] the profile of the chemical components in the air
│ │ │ ├─── [限定词] the
│ │ │ ├─── [核心名词] profile
│ │ │ └─── [后置定语：介词短语] of the chemical components in the air
│ │ │ ├─── [介词] of
│ │ │ └─── [宾语] the chemical components in the air
│ │ │ ├─── [限定词] the
│ │ │ ├─── [定语：形容词] chemical
│ │ │ ├─── [核心名词] components
│ │ │ └─── [后置定语：介词短语] in the air
│ │ │ ├─── [介词] in
│ │ │ └─── [宾语] the air
│ │ └─── [谓语] changes
│ └─── [状语：原因状语从句] since temperature can affect the amount of smell-carrying gas particles released from substances
│ ├─── [连词] since
│ ├─── [主语] temperature
│ ├─── [谓语] can affect
│ └─── [宾语] the amount of smell-carrying gas particles released from substances
│ ├─── [限定词] the
│ ├─── [核心名词] amount
│ ├─── [后置定语：介词短语] of smell-carrying gas particles released from substances
│ │ ├─── [介词] of
│ │ └─── [宾语] smell-carrying gas particles
│ │ ├─── [定语：复合形容词] smell-carrying
│ │ ├─── [定语：名词] gas
│ │ └─── [核心名词] particles
│ │ └─── [后置定语：过去分词短语] released from substances
│ │ ├─── [过去分词] released
│ │ └─── [状语：介词短语] from substances
│ │ ├─── [介词] from
│ │ └─── [宾语] substances
├─── [谓语] explains
├─── [主语] John Smith
└─── [同位语：名词短语] a chemical engineer
├─── [限定词] a
├─── [定语：形容词] chemical
└─── [核心名词] engineer
【句意】
化学工程师John Smith解释道：“如果你走进一片森林，那里有着固定的环境与温度。一旦温度小幅上升，空气中化学成分的构成就会发生改变。” 这是因为温度能够影响各类物质所释放、携带气味的气态微粒的数量；
叁
Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent.
【生词】
1. absorb v.吸收、吸引、纳入
2. chemical adj.化学的、与化学有关的；n.化学品、化学制品
3. scent n.香味、芳香、气味；v.使…带有某种香味、闻出
解析】
① Snow是句子的主语，already threatened by a warming climate作插入语，由双破折号隔开的过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰主语Snow，说明积雪所处现状；already是副词作状语，threatened是过去分词，by a warming climate 是介词短语作状语，引出动作的发出者；absorbs是谓语动词，different chemicals做宾语，from the atmosphere是介词短语做地点状语，限定吸收化学物质的来源，as temperatures rise中as引导时间状语从句，充当主句状语，交代动作发生的条件：随着气温上升；which changes its cold-clean scent是非限制性定语从句；which指代前面 “积雪升温吸收大气化学物质”整件事，在从句中作主语，引出这件事带来的结果；changes是从句谓语，its cold-clean scent做从句宾语，its是物主代词，cold-clean是合成形容词作前置定语，修饰scent，从句的意思是：这改变了积雪那清冷纯净的气息；
句子成分结构树状图】
[句子] Snow — already threatened by a warming climate — absorbs different chemicals from the atmosphere as temperatures rise, which changes its cold-clean scent.
├─── [主语] Snow
├─── [插入语（后置定语：过去分词短语）] already threatened by a warming climate
│ ├─── [副词] already
│ ├─── [过去分词] threatened
│ └─── [状语：介词短语] by a warming climate
│ ├─── [介词] by
│ └─── [宾语] a warming climate
│ ├─── [限定词] a
│ ├─── [定语：现在分词] warming
│ └─── [核心名词] climate
├─── [谓语] absorbs
├─── [宾语] different chemicals
│ ├─── [定语：形容词] different
│ └─── [核心名词] chemicals
├─── [状语：介词短语] from the atmosphere
│ ├─── [介词] from
│ └─── [宾语] the atmosphere
│ ├─── [限定词] the
│ └─── [核心名词] atmosphere
├─── [状语：时间状语从句] as temperatures rise
│ ├─── [连词] as
│ ├─── [主语] temperatures
│ └─── [谓语] rise
└─── [定语：非限制性定语从句] which changes its cold-clean scent
├─── [关系代词 (从句主语)] which
├─── [从句谓语] changes
└─── [从句宾语] its cold-clean scent
├─── [限定词] its
├─── [定语：复合形容词] cold-clean
└─── [核心名词] scent
【句意】
受气候变暖影响本就岌岌可危的积雪，会随着气温上升从大气中吸收各类不同化学物质，这也改变了积雪那清冷纯净的气息；
肆
Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history.
【生词】
1. valuable adj.值钱的、宝贵的、贵重的、珍贵的；n.贵重品
2. endanger v.使处于险境、危及
3. access n.入口、通道、获得的机会、访问；v.接近、进入、获取；adj.对外公开的
4. element n.基本部分、要素、元素
5. identity n.身份、本体、个性、特性
【解析】
① Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access是even though引导的让步状语从句，we是主语，have是谓语动词，other valuable做前置定语，修饰中心词things，things做宾语，endangered by climate change是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰things，表示：受到气候变化威胁的东西，by climate changes是介词短语作状语，引出威胁的来源；like food access是介词短语作插入语，修饰other valuable things，句子意思是：尽管气候变化还威胁着我们其他宝贵事物，比如食物的获取；
② there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history是there be存在句，is是谓语动词，also是副词作状语，修饰整个句子，表示：也、同样；an element是真正的主语，of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history是介词短语作后置定语，修饰element，表示：文化认同、文化存续与历史传承层面的内涵；句子意思是：
【句子成分结构树状图】
[句子] Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access, there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history.
├─── [状语：让步状语从句] Even though we have other valuable things endangered by climate change, like food access
│ ├─── [连词] Even though
│ ├─── [主语] we
│ ├─── [谓语] have
│ └─── [宾语] other valuable things
│ ├─── [定语：形容词] other
│ ├─── [定语：形容词] valuable
│ ├─── [核心名词] things
│ ├─── [后置定语：过去分词短语] endangered by climate change
│ │ ├─── [过去分词] endangered
│ │ └─── [状语：介词短语] by climate change
│ │ ├─── [介词] by
│ │ └─── [宾语] climate change
│ │ ├─── [定语：名词] climate
│ │ └─── [核心名词] change
│ └─── [插入举例：介词短语] like food access
│ ├─── [介词] like
│ └─── [宾语] food access
│ ├─── [定语：名词] food
│ └─── [核心名词] access
├─── [主句：there be 句型] there is also an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history
│ ├─── [形式主语] there
│ ├─── [谓语] is
│ ├─── [状语：副词] also
│ └─── [真正主语] an element of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history
│ ├─── [限定词] an
│ ├─── [核心名词] element
│ └─── [后置定语：介词短语] of cultural identity, cultural survival, and history
│ ├─── [介词] of
│ └─── [宾语：并列名词短语] cultural identity, cultural survival, and history
│ ├─── [名词短语] cultural identity
│ │ ├─── [定语：形容词] cultural
│ │ └─── [核心名词] identity
│ ├─── [并列连词] and
│ ├─── [名词短语] cultural survival
│ │ ├─── [定语：形容词] cultural
│ │ └─── [核心名词] survival
│ ├─── [并列连词] and
│ └─── [核心名词] history
【句意】
管气候变化还令其他诸多重要事物面临威胁，比如粮食获取问题，但其中也涉及文化认同、文化存续与历史传承层面的内涵；
图文 | 排版 ：Oliver
