
1. promising adj. 有前景的,可观的,大有希望的
动词原形 promise 承诺;promising benefit 可观收益 / 利好
2. coordination n. 协调,统筹
动词 coordinate v. 协调;co-ordination = coordination(连字符拼写变体)
3. squabbling n. 争吵,扯皮,争执(多指琐碎、无意义的纠纷)
4. operator n. 运营方,运营商,经营者
train operators 铁路运营公司
5. state-run adj. 国营的,国家运营的
复合形容词:state(国家)+ run;同义 state-owned
6. plague v. 长期困扰,折磨;n. 瘟疫
sth. plague sth. 某事长期困扰某体系 / 机构
7. decade n. 十年;decades 数十年
Squabbling between train operators and Network Rail, the state-run body which maintains the track, has plagued the system for decades.
1)主语:Squabbling(动名词作主语)
动词原形 squabble + -ing 变为动名词,具备名词属性,在句中充当主语,谓语动词用单数 has plagued。
2)同位语结构(插入语)
the state-run body which maintains the track 是 Network Rail 的同位语,用逗号隔开,作用是解释说明 Network Rail 是什么机构;
去掉该插入语,句子主干依然完整:
Squabbling … has plagued the system for decades.
3)限制性定语从句:which maintains the track
修饰先行词 the state-run body;
中文翻译