B
A.Set a Good Example for YourKidsA.为你的孩子树立一个好榜样
G.Build Your Kids’ Sense ofResponsibilityG.培养孩子的责任感
How Can a Parent Help?
Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emergingadj.新兴的，发展初期的v.浮现，出现；显露，知悉；恢复过来，幸存下来（emerge 的现在分词）adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-lifeunreadiness”:
父母如何帮助孩子
父母可以做很多事来确保自己的孩子平安地进入成年初期。即使工作的起薪看起来太低不能满足即将成年的孩子快速获得满足的需求，但是如果这些准成年人做好了准备，那他们从学校向职场过渡时遭遇的挫折也会少一些。下面提到的一些措施来自本人撰写的《不管你是否做好准备，生活如约而至》一书。父母可以借鉴这些措施，以避免我称之为“对工作与生活准备不足”的状况发生：
41.F.Help Your Kids Figure Out Who TheyAre
You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to返回到, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit thembest.
41.F.帮助孩子们认识自己
你可以在孩子11或12岁的时侯就开始这个过程。定期和孩子们一起审视他们新出现的优点和缺点，并一起努力克服缺点，比如在有效沟通或合作方面存在的困难。另外，发现孩子们一直以来的各种兴趣，因为这些能为他们将来找到最合适的职业提供线索。
42.D.Talk about the Future on a RegularBasis
Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique/kliːk/n.派系；阀；私党；小圈子vi.结党
, pop stars and vaunted/ˈvɔːntɪd/adj.自夸的；大肆吹嘘的v.夸耀；吹牛（vaunt 的过去分词）athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged adj.泄气的，心灰意冷的v.使泄气，使灰心；阻碍，制止（discourage 的过去式和过去分词形式）from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggyadj.有雾的，雾气茫茫的；迷糊的，朦胧的；模糊的，糊涂的view of the future is of littlegood.
42.D.经常谈论未来
孩子们需要各种真实的角色榜样——不是他们小圈子的成员，也不是明星和被吹捧的运动员。经常在晚饭时和孩子们谈论家庭成员所认识的人，以及他们是如何取得今日成就的与孩子谈谈你们自己事业上的快乐和不足之处，并鼓励他们对自己的未来提出一些想法当问及他们将来想做什么的时候，应该打消他们回答“我不知道”的念头。他们可以不断改变主意，但是对未来只有模糊的构想可没有什么好处。
43.B.Build Your Kids’ WorkSkills
Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deployingv.部署，调度；利用effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.优先处理的事
43.B.培养孩子的工作技能
老师负责教孩子如何学习，父母则应该负责教他们如何工作。给孩子安排一些家务并且确保他们按时完成家庭作业。鼓励青少年做兼职。孩子需要大量实践延迟自我满足和使用有效的组织技巧，比如管理时间与分清事情的轻重缓急。
44.C.Place Time Limits on LeisureActivities
Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV
shows with cannedadj.罐装的；录音的v.装于罐头（can 的过去分词）laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats forlong stretches长时间的连续活动或时间段：指一段长时间的连续活动或时间段，通常用于描述长时间的工作、旅行或运动等。encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for mostjobs.
44.C.对娱乐活动设定时间限制
玩电子游戏会促使孩子追求即时的满足感。看几个小时带预录笑声的电视节目只会教孩子被动地处理信息。同时，长时间通过耳机听重复且单调的节奏也会导致孩子沉浸于自己的幻想中，而不去做其他努力。所有这些活动都会阻碍孩子重要交际和思考能力的发展，同时也会使他们很难养成大多数工作所需要的持久注意力。
45.E.Help Kids Develop CopingStrategies
They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings ofinadequacy.
不充分，不足；不胜任，缺乏信心；弱点，某事物的缺乏
They should also learn how to solve problems and resolveconflicts,
v.解决（问题或困难）；决定，下定决心；作出决议，表决；分解，转化；（使）（症状、病情）消散，消退；解析，解离；分析；（不协和音）转向协和；（当远处物体看得更清楚时）变成；（光学仪器等）分辨；辨析（图表或光谱峰值）n.<正式>决心，坚定的信念；<美>正式决定，决议；决定要做的事
ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday lifesituations.
What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. adj.柔和的，清淡的；虚弱的，纤弱的；脆弱的，易碎的；小巧玲珑的，纤细的；微妙的，棘手的；精致的，精巧的；灵巧的，熟练的；（仪器）灵敏的n.精美的衣物
They have to be careful not tocome across as 给人的印象是,显得,表现出disappointed in their child. They should exhibitstrong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledgingv.幼鸟长出飞羽；把……养至长出飞羽；以飞羽装饰（fledge 的现在分词）adult (as naive or ill conceived 设想,构思as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciatesthem.
45.E.帮助孩子制定应对策略
孩子应该知道如何应对挫折、压力和无法胜任工作之感。他们也应该学会如何解决问题和化解冲突，学会集思广益和批判性地思考问题。家庭成员之间的讨论可以帮助孩子锻炼做这些事情的能力，并帮助他们把这些技能应用在日常生活情形中。
那些已经长大成人，但在成年初期似乎仍苦苦挣扎、徘徊仿程的孩子该怎么办呢?父母仍然要扮演重要的角色，但是现在会更加微妙。他们要小心谨慎，不要表现出对孩子的失望。对他们羽翼渐丰的(看似幼稚或考虑不周）的孩子目前感兴趣的任何事情，父母都要表现出强烈的兴趣和尊重，同时要成为孩子在探索未来生活道路上的搭档。最重要的是，必须让这些刚成年的孩子感受到来自欣赏他们的家人的尊重和支持。