考研英语真题长难句攻坚计划|Day115
1999-1-ReadingPartA-5-4-4
文章主题：《不可预测性是科学研究的根本》
It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash regigster while the other eye is on the microscope.
词汇：
1.reasonable adj.合理的
2.auditor n.审计人员
3.distract v.使分心
4.necessity n.必要性、必然的事
5.cash register n.现金计数器
6.microscope n.显微镜
【Step 1】找谓语
It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash regigster while the other eye is on the microscope.
·动词 is 时态：一般现在时
·动词 know 时态：一般现在时
·动词 are going 时态：现在进行时
·动词 will get 时态：一般将来时
·动词 should not be distracted 情态+否定+语态：被动语态
【Step 2】断句
It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe[that scientists <who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there> should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash regigster <while the other eye is on the microscope>].解析：本句包含5个从句：1个that引导的宾语从句；1个who引导的定语从句；1个where引导的宾语从句；1个how引导的宾语从句；1个while引导的时间状语从句。
that引导的宾语从句：
to believe [that scientists <...> should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash regigster while the other eye is on the microscope].判断方法：1.位置：在动词|介词后。
who引导的定语从句：
...scientists<who know exactly...> ...判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.指代功能：scientists指人。
where和how引导的宾语从句：
...know exactlywhere they are going and how they will get there判断方法：1.位置：在动词|介词后<know>。
while引导的时间状语从句：
keeping one eye on the cash regigster<while the other eye is on the microscope>判断方法：1.位置：1）在句首：状语，完整句；2）在句尾：完整句状语；3）在主谓之间：主语，状语，谓语...；2.功能：表示“keeping one eye on the cash regigster”发生的时间。
补充：while在引导时间状语从句时通常表示两个动作同时发生，即大致译为“保持一个眼睛在现金计数器上，同时保持另一只眼睛在显微镜上”。
重点成分标注：
主语：在句首|谓语前
宾语：在动词|介词后
表语：在系动词后
主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色；宾补：深蓝
Itis entirely reasonable for auditors to believe [...].1.主句是形式主语【判断方法：1.形式：1）句首有it作主语；2)划完主干后，还剩余to do sth| doing sth|从句其中一种；2.代入翻译通顺即可，即“认为...是合理的”】2.entirely和for auditors分别是副词作状语和介宾结构作状语。that引导的宾语从句：
to believe [that scientists <...> should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash regigster <...> ].1.of keeping one eye on the cash regigster <...> _介宾结构作后置定语修饰名词necessity。who引导的定语从句：
...scientists <who know exactly...> ...其中，who指代名词scientists在从句中作谓语动词know的主语。
where和how引导的宾语从句：
...know exactly where they are going and how they will get there其中，where在从句“where they are going”中作地点状语；how在从句 “how they will get there”中作方式状语。while引导的时间状语从句：
...<whilethe other eye is on the microscope>【Step 3】翻译
It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe[that scientists <who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there> should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash regigster <while the other eye is on the microscope>].It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe [...].翻译解释：“to believe [...]”作为真正的主语真的是太太长了，所以还原真正主语的位置非常不现实，因此将真正的主语后置。that引导的宾语从句：
to believe [that scientists <...> should not be distractedbythe necessity of keeping one eye on the cash regigster <while the other eye is on the microscope>].翻译：...认为，科学家们不应该被“保持一只眼睛在现金计数器上，同时保持另一只眼睛在显微镜上”的必要性搞得分神。改译：...认为，科学家们根本没必要因“一边盯着现金计数器，一边盯着显微镜”而分神。翻译解释：本句涉及被动的翻译，采取的方法是利用”被“的替代词”因...而...”。who引导的定语从句：
...scientists <who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there> ...翻译：这些科学家确切地知道他们要去哪里以及知道他们如何到达那里。改译：这些科学家确切地知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标。翻译解释：
1.本句涉及定语从句的翻译：定语从句词数超过8个词，采取后置译法，即单独成句+重复先行词。
2.“知道他们要去哪里”——即知道自己的目标；“知道他们如何到达那里”——即知道如何实现这一目标”。
【Step 4】整合译文
审计人员这样想是完全合理的，他们认为，科学家们（这些科学家确切地知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标）根本没必要因“一边盯着现金计数器，一边盯着显微镜”而分神。【Step 5】润色译文
It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe[that scientists <who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there> should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash regigster <while the other eye is on the microscope>].审计人员也完全有理由相信，确切知道自己的目标并知道如何实现这一目标的科学家们根本没必要分心，也就是说，他们没必要一边搞研究，一边还得盯着自己的钱袋子。
翻译解释：
1.通过协调整个句子语义，还是将定语从句前置比较合适，嘻嘻；
2.“现金计数器”指的就是💰；“显微镜”指的就是搞研究。
1.reasonable adj.合理的
2.auditor n.审计人员
3.distract v.使分心
4.necessity n.必要性、必然的事
5.cash n.现金 v.兑换现金
6.register n.记录器如收银机；v.登记、注册
7.microscope n.显微镜
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