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61.One difficultyisthatalmost all ofwhatis calledbehavioral sciencecontinuesto trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on.

【词汇积累】

behavioral adj. 行为的

trace v. 追溯；探寻根源（熟词僻义：trace A to B 把 A 归因于 B）

state of mind 心理状态，心态

trait n. 特质，特征

trait of character 性格特质

human nature 人性

and so on 等等

【结构分析】

主句主干：One difficulty is that… 主系表，that 引导表语从句

表语从句内部：almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace…

what 引导宾语从句作 of 的宾语：what is called behavioral science 所谓的行为科学

从句主干：all… continues to trace behavior to …

并列宾语：states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature 四个并列名词短语作 to 的宾语

【参考译文】

难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找行为的根源。

62.The behavioral scienceshave beenslow to changepartlybecausethe explanatory items oftenseemto be directly observedandpartly becauseother kinds of explanationshave beenhard to find.

【词汇积累】

behavioral adj. 行为（研究）的

explanatory adj. 解释性的，用以说明的

item n. 要素，依据（熟词僻义，此处指 “解释行为的依据”）

observe v. 观察，观测

partly because … and partly because … 部分原因是…… 另一部分原因是……

【结构分析】

主句：The behavioral sciences have been slow to change

并列原因状语从句，由and 连接：

① partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed

② partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find

【参考译文】

行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。

63.The role of natural selection in evolutionwas formulatedonly a little more than a hundred years ago,andthe selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individualis only beginning to be recognized and studied.

【词汇积累】

natural selection 自然选择

evolution n. 进化，演化

formulate v. 系统阐述，创立（理论）

selective adj. 选择的，选择性的

shape v. 塑造（熟词僻义，动词）

maintain v. 维持，保持

individual n. 个体，个人

recognize v. 意识到，认可，承认

【结构分析】

1、并列句结构

并列复合句，and 连接两个独立分句

分句1：

主干：The role … was formulated

定语：of natural selection in evolution 后置修饰 role

状语：only a little more than a hundred years ago 时间状语

分句2：

主干：the selective role … is only beginning to be recognized and studied

多层后置定语：of the environment /in shaping and maintaining the behavior /of the individual

【参考译文】

自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才被阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认可和研究。

64.Theyarethe possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory,andtheyareessential to practicesin whicha personisheldresponsible for his conductand givencredit for his achievements.

【词汇积累】

possession n. 所有物，专属特质（熟词僻义，非 “财产”）

autonomous adj. 自主的，自治的

self-governing adj. 自我掌控的

be essential to 对…… 必不可少

hold sb. responsible for sth. 让人为某事负责

conduct n. 行为，举止

give sb. credit for sth. 认可、赞扬某人的成就

achievement n. 成就，功绩

【结构分析】

and 连接两个并列分句

分句1：They are the possessions of the autonomous man of traditional theory

括号self-governing 插入解释 autonomous

分句2：they're essential to practices + in which 引导定语从句修饰 practices

定语从句内部并列被动：a person is held responsible for his conduct and (is) given credit for his achievements

【参考译文】

自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

65.Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected, andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.

【词汇积累】

resolve v. 解决（问题、争端）

reject v. 拒绝接受，摒弃

with it 随之，与此同时

solve problems 解决问题

【结构分析】

Until 引导条件状语从句：Until these issues are resolved 除非这些问题得到解决

主句为并列省略句：

完整还原：a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and possibly the only way to solve our problems (will continue to be rejected)

后半分句省略重复谓语will continue to be rejected，避免重复，考研翻译高频省略结构

with it 伴随状语，it 指代前文 “行为技术遭到摒弃” 这件事

【参考译文】

除非这些问题得以解决，否则研究行为的技术手段会持续遭到排斥，而解决我们所有问题的唯一途径，也可能随之不复存在。

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