What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite-Cobe-had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).
词汇：
1.at once adv.一起、同时；立即、立刻
2.amazing adj.令人惊奇的、惊人的
3.expected adj.预期的、预计的；意料之中的
4.the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration 美国国家航空航天局
5.Cosmic Background Explorer satellite—Cobe宇宙背景探测器卫星—Cobe号
6.landmark n.地标、界标；里程碑、转折点
7.universe n.宇宙
8.primeval adj.原始时代的、远古的；与最早的时期相关的9.the Big Bang 大爆炸10.originate in v.起源于、来自11.mass n.团、块、堆HELLO, GRADUATE STUDENT句子分析
【Step 1】找谓语
What the researchers foundwas at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite-Cobe-had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has becomeknown as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy).
·动词 found 时态：一般过去时
·动词 was 时态：一般过去时
·动词 had discovered 时态：过去完成时
·动词 did begin 强调+时态：一般现过去时
·形容词短语 has become known as 时态：现在完成时
·动词短语 originated in 时态：一般过去时
【Step 2】断句
[What the researchers found]was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite-Cobe-had discovered landmark evidence [that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion <that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy)>].
landmark evidence [that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion <...>].the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy
判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.结构：从句完整。
that引导的定语从句：
...the primeval explosion <that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory...)>].
判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.结构：从句不完整<从句缺主语，即that指代explosion在从句中作has become known as的主语>。
重点成分标注：
主语：在句首|谓语前
宾语：在动词|介词后
表语：在系动词后
主语：蓝色；谓语：红色；表语：绿色；宾语：紫色；宾补：深蓝
主句：<本句的主干结构是由冒号连接的两个句子，即A：B——其中B句是对A句的解释说明>
[...]was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite-Cobe-had discoveredlandmark evidence...其中，1.at once_介宾结构作状语<状语位置较灵活，结构简单时，可在句子中的任意位置>；2.Cobe_名词作Cosmic Background Explorer satellite的同位语【1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.Cosmic Background Explorer satellite=Cobe，即宇宙背景探测器卫星就是Cobe号】
what引导的主语从句：
[What the researchers found]提示🔔：what本身在从句中作谓语动词found的宾语。
2个that引导的同位语从句：
[that the universedid in fact begin with the primeval explosion <...>].其中，1.in fact_介宾结构作状语<状语位置较灵活，结构简单时，可在句子中的任意位置>；；2.with the primeval explosion_介宾结构作状语，表示动词begin发生的方式【判断方法：1.位置：1）在句首：状语，完整句；2）在句尾：完整句状语；3）在主谓之间：主语，状语，谓语...】提示🔔：我们在课上讲过，英文状语的位置比中文状语的位置还要灵活，如单个副词作状语时，可以随意插在句子中的任何位置，故在句首、句尾、主谓之间只是状语的常见位置。that the universeoriginated in an explosion from a single mass of energy其中，1.from a single mass of energy_介宾结构作后置定语【判断方法：1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.代入翻译通顺即可，即译为“...的”<来自一大块能量的爆炸>】
提示🔔：该介宾结构虽然亦位于完整句结尾，即状语的位置，但译为定语更加合适，遂为定语。
that引导的定语从句：
...<that has become known asthe Big Bang (the theory...)>].其中，1.the theory_名词作the Big Bang的同位语【1.位置：在名词|代词后；2.the Big Bang=the theory，即“大爆炸”是一个理论】
【Step 3】翻译
[What the researchers found] was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite-Cobe-had discovered landmark evidence [that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion <that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy)>].
冒号前：
[What the researchers found] was at once both amazing and expected:...翻译：研究人员所发现的东西既令人惊讶又在人意料之中：...改译：研究人员的发现既令人惊讶，又在人意料之中：...翻译解释：at once在本句中译为“同时”，即“惊讶的同时又在人意料之中”，但不翻译at once，语义也很明确，故选择不译，即“减词不减意”。
冒号后：
the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite-Cobe-had discovered landmark evidence...翻译：美国国家航空航天局的Cobe号（即宇宙背景探测器卫星）已经发现了里程碑式的证据...
that引导的同位语从句：
evidence [that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion <...>].翻译：即宇宙事实上确实以最早时期的爆炸开始改译：即宇宙确实起源于最早的一次爆炸翻译解释：同位语从句单独成句，并添加“即、那就是、单破折号、冒号等”表示是对前面evidence的解释说明。
that引导的定语从句：
explosion <that has become known as the Big Bang (...)>].翻译：这场爆炸作为“大爆炸”而为人们所知道。改译：人们将这场爆炸称之为“大爆炸”。翻译解释：定语从句词数超过8个词（把括号内的词也算上），所以采取后置译法：单独成句+重复先行词。
that引导的同位语从句：
(the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy)>].翻译：（这个理论就是宇宙起源于一场来自于一大块能量的爆炸）改译：（此理论认为宇宙起源于一大块能量的爆炸）翻译解释：根据同位语从句的特点：the theory=that从句，故直接译为“A是B”。
[What the researchers found]was at once both amazing and expected: the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite-Cobe-had discovered landmark evidence [that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion <that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy)>].
