语法你都懂,词性一变就懵? 50道真题,专治这个毛病.

四季读书网 2026-07-03 14:56:05 1 0

考场上，你一眼扫过语法填空，时态对了、单复数对了、连词也对了——信心满满交卷。发榜时却傻了眼：那个空扣分了。

你回头看题，才恍然大悟：

给的词是describe，你填了description不对。你填了described也不对。你填了describing还不对。答案是descriptive。

语法你都懂，但词性一变，你就懵。

这就是高考命题人真正的"杀招"——不在语法难，而在词性转换巧。看似给了一个词，考的是另一个词；看似填动词，答案却是形容词；看似加个-ly就完事，偏偏要整个词根翻新。

我们翻遍2020到2026年的高考真题，发现命题人每年都在词性转换上"做文章"：有的考名词变形容词，有的考动词变名词，有的考形容词变副词——但绝不是加个-ly那么简单。describe→descriptive，词根从scrib变成scriptive；strategy→strategic，gy变gic。不总结规律，做一道错一道。

于是我们从过去七年的真题中，逐题筛选、逐题核对、反复比对，最后挑出了50道最具代表性、最难、最容易出错的词性转换题。每一道都附上了精准的难点解析，直击你的知识盲区。

这50道题，如果你能全部做对，高考词性转换——稳了。

第1组：形容词→名词（词根变化复杂，易拼错）

1.（2026全国I卷）The exact dates and ________ (frequent) of dajis vary from region to region.

难点：frequent→frequency，形容词变名词需将t变cy，易误拼为frequence或frequancy。

2.（2025新高考II卷）The sun-dried laundry smells especially fragrant where I live, thanks to the _____ (absent) of smog.

难点：absent→absence，形容词变名词需将t变ce，与present/presence对应，易将ence误拼为ance。

3.（2024新高考II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international ______ (visible), said Edmondson.

难点：visible→visibility，ble变bility，拼写复杂，易漏写i或误拼为visiblity。

4.（2020全国III卷）Filled with ____ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.

难点：curious→curiosity，ous变osity，易误拼为curiousity（多写一个u）或curiosety。

5.（2020新高考I卷）Historical ____ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.

难点：accurate→accuracy，ate变acy，易误拼为accurancy或accurateness。

6.（2024浙江1月卷）Many supermarkets are no longer doing "buy one get one free" promotions because of the ______ (criticize) that they lead to waste.

难点：criticize→criticism，ize变icism，与critic/critical/critique/criticize系列词形易混。

7.（2023全国甲卷）His teachings remind us of... social ____________ (responsible).

难点：responsible→responsibility，ble变bility，拼写长且含多个i，易漏写或误拼为responsability。

8.（2023新高考II卷）Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a ___________ (consequent) of the classes.

难点：consequent→consequence，t变ce，易误填形容词consequent。

9.（2024新高考I卷）... come to define much of the ________ (rich) of gardening in England.

难点：rich→richness，rich以ch结尾，直接加ness，易误加双写为richness（错误）。

10.（2025八省联考）As more and more foreigners start to study the Chinese language and experience Chinese culture, the world will have a better understanding of China and its rich history, its hard-working people, its development through ______ (innovate), and its inclusiveness.

难点：innovate→innovation，ate变ation，易漏写一个n。

第2组：动词→形容词/分词（非谓语陷阱，词义变化）

11.（2026全国II卷）The movements have ____ (describe) names like "holding the bowl" and "grabbing the bird's tail".

难点：describe→descriptive，不是直接加d，而是词根变化（scrib→scriptive），易误填described或describing。

12.（2023新高考I卷）Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ________ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat.

难点：taste→tasty，去e变y，易误填tasteful（"有品味的"）或tasted。

13.（2022新高考II卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony, Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the _____ (fall) child.

难点：fall→falling，现在分词作定语表"正在坠落"，易误填fallen（"已坠落的"）。

14.（2021新高考I卷）Strange, isn't it? But that's how nature is — always leaving us ________ (astonish).

难点：astonish→astonished，过去分词作宾补表"感到震惊的"，易误填astonishing。

15.（2021新高考I卷）Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ________ (ache) legs.

难点：ache→aching，现在分词作定语表"疼痛的"，与ached（修饰人）易混。

16.（2022浙江6月卷）Blind people recognize shapes with their ______ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of sighted people.

难点：exist→existing，现在分词作定语表"现有的"，与existent形近易混。

17.（2023全国乙卷）The ________ (remark) development of this city has attracted worldwide attention.

难点：remark→remarkable，加able，易误填remarked。

18.（2021新高考II卷）I told him how ________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.

难点：harm→harmful，加ful，与harmless形成对比，易误填harming或harmed。

19.（2023新高考II卷）... helping the panda keepers at the base to feel more comfortable and ________ (confidence) speaking English.

难点：confidence→confident，ce变t，与confidential（机密的）形近易混。

20.（2024全国甲卷）When we arrived, we went straight to a famous restaurant and ordered dishes, which tasted ______ (greatly).

难点：系动词taste后接形容词great作表语，不能填副词greatly。

第3组：名词/形容词→副词（词根变化，非简单加-ly）

21.（2026浙江1月卷）Life is full of so many ______ (seeming) uneventful moments, but we can turn any of them into a celebration.

难点：seeming→seemingly，副词修饰形容词uneventful，seeming本身已是形容词，易误填seeming（形修形，语法错误）。

22.（2025新高考I卷）It inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ______ (digital) generated graphics and silk-screen prints for the showcase.

难点：digital→digitally，副词修饰过去分词generated，易误填digital（形修动，语法错误）。

23.（2021新高考I卷）It will ________ (undoubted) help you get refreshed!

难点：undoubted→undoubtedly，长副词拼写易错，常误拼为undoubtly。

24.（2023全国甲卷）______ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation that we are destroying the natural world.

难点：difference→different，形容词短语作状语，保留形容词原形，不能加-ly变副词。这是该题最大陷阱。

25.（2023新高考II卷）Though some are ___________ (initial) scared of the insects, they soon become fascinated by them.

难点：initial→initially，副词修饰形容词scared，initial是形容词，易误认为名词。

第4组：动词→名词（需记忆特定后缀）

26.（2025新高考I卷）You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ______ (guide) till they lose.

难点：guide→guidance，加ance，易误拼为guidence。

27.（2023新高考II卷）Yellowstone National Park offers a ___________ (vary) of ranger programs.

难点：vary→variety，去y变iety，与various混淆。

28.（2023新高考II卷）As cities balloon with ____________ (grow), access to nature is becoming increasingly limited.

难点：grow→growth，词根内部变化（ow→owth），非加-th，易误填growing或growness。

29.（2023新高考II卷）... enjoy a more domestic form of this ____________ (interact).

难点：interact→interaction，加tion，与interactive/interactivity词形易混。

30.（2021新高考II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.

难点：represent→representative，加ative，此处指"公司代表"，非representation。

31.（2022全国甲卷）Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect).

难点：protect→protection，加tion，与protective易混。

32.（2025浙江1月卷）Consumers and the industry alike are moving quickly to find a ________ (solve) to fashion's incredible footprint.

难点：solve→solution，lve变lution，与resolution/revolution形近易混。

33.（2022全国乙卷）China has a ______ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.

难点：responsible→responsibility，与第7题重复考点，因拼写极难、易错率高。

34.（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___ (marry) ceremony in 1842.

难点：marry→marriage，去y变iage，易误拼为marryage或marrige。

35.（2023浙江1月卷）The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ________ (space) homes.

难点：space→spacious，ce变cious，与spacial易混。

第5组：构词法综合（多重变化/形近易混）

36.（2025新高考I卷）It was the balance between the black and white pieces, beauty in the ______ (strategy) placement of the pieces and the energy flow following each move.

难点：strategy→strategic，去y变gic，常误拼为stragegic。

37.（2024新高考I卷）The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ________ (function) structure that is also beautiful.

难点：function→functional，加al，常漏写n。

38.（2023新高考II卷）The program aims to help students develop... environmental ___________ (aware).

难点：aware→awareness，aware以e结尾，直接加ness（不删e），易误拼为awarenss或awerness。

39.（2023新高考II卷）Books themselves may be used ____________ (symbolic) in paintings.

难点：symbolic→symbolically，-ic结尾变副词加ally，非直接加ly，易误填symbolicly。

40.（2022全国甲卷）Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ______ (meaning).

难点：meaning→meaningful，加ful，与meaningless对比，且与more连用比较级需填形容词原形。

第6组：代词/数词特殊变形

41.（2024浙江1月卷）Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ______ (one) may yet come out with a whole range of "just for you" pack sizes with special offers as well.

难点：one→ones，代词复数，易误填数词one（表示数字"一"）。

42.（2021浙江卷）She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ______ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.

难点：she→herself，反身代词，非her或hers。

43.（2024九省联考）However, he believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, and they can feel proud of ______ (they).

难点：they→themselves，反身代词，非them。

44.（2021新高考I卷）As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in ________ (I).

难点：I→mine，名词性物主代词（=my memory），非me或my。

第7组：非谓语与句子结构陷阱

45.（2026浙江1月卷）She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes watching the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, ________ (excite) and tension building to that final moment: BEEP!

难点：excite→excitement，与tension并列作主语需名词，非excited/exciting。

46.（2021新高考I卷）The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ________ (hot) the spring!

难点：the+比较级...the+比较级固定句型，需hotter，非hot或hottest。

47.（2023全国甲卷）Nothing kills the love for philosophy __________ (fast) than people.

难点：fast→faster，与than连用需比较级，否定结构"Nothing..."易造成理解困难。

48.（2020全国III卷）The artist's reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait done so he called all great artists to come and present their _____ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.

难点：fine→finest，最高级（隐含"各自最优秀的"），与后文the best呼应。最高级前可用物主代词不用the。