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2000 英语一翻译真题
Translation
1)Under modern conditions, this requiresvarying measures of centralized controlandhence the help of specialized scientistssuch as economists and operational research experts.
【词汇积累】
under modern conditions 在现代条件下
varying adj. 不同程度的,各异的
measures n. 程度;力度(此处非 “措施”,表量化的程度)
centralized control 集中管控,中央调控
hence adv. 因此,由此
specialized scientists 专业领域科学家
operational research experts 运筹学专家(专业术语,operational research 即运筹学)
【结构分析】
本句为主谓双宾结构的简单句,核心是“一个谓语带两个并列宾语”:
条件状语:Under modern conditions
主语:this(指代前文的社会治理 / 经济调控等行为,翻译需结合语境)
谓语:requires
宾语1:varying measures of centralized control(不同程度的集中管控)
宾语2:the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts
hence 为副词,衔接两个宾语,体现因果逻辑
such as 作后置举例,修饰 specialized scientists
【参考译文】
在现代条件下,这需要中央控制的不同措施,从而就需要一些专业领域的科学家的帮助,比如经济学家和运筹学家。
2) Furthermore, it isobviousthatthe strength of a country’s economyisdirectly bound up withthe efficiency of its agriculture and industry,andthatthis in turn rests uponthe efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
【词汇积累】
furthermore adv. 此外,再者
strength n. 实力,强弱水平
be bound up with 与… 紧密相关,与… 密不可分
efficiency n. 效率,生产效能
in turn 反过来,继而
rest upon 依赖,取决于
technologist n. 技术人员,科技工作者
of all kinds 各类的,各领域的
【结构分析】
本句为形式主语句型,it 作形式主语,真正主语是两个并列的 that 引导的主语从句:
主句:it is obvious(显而易见的是)
主语从句1:that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry
核心结构:A is bound up with B(A 与 B 紧密相关)
主语从句2:and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds
this 指代前文中的 the efficiency of its agriculture and industry(工农业效率)
两个主语从句由and 并列,共同作真正主语
【参考译文】
此外,显而易见的是,一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率直接挂钩;而生产效率的提升,反过来又有赖于各类科技人员的努力。
3 ) Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feelingnew wants and are being exposed tonew customs and ideas, whilegovernments are often forcedto introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.
【词汇积累】
owing to 由于,因为
remarkable adj. 显著的,迅猛的
mass-communications n. 大众传播,大众传媒
wants n. 需求,诉求(复数形式表各类物质 / 精神需求)
be exposed to 接触到,面临着
customs n. 习俗,风俗
while conj. 而,与此同时(表对比逻辑)
introduce v. 推行,实施
innovations n. 革新举措,制度创新
for the reasons given above 出于上述原因
【结构分析】
本句为原因状语+ 主句 + 对比状语从句的主从复合句:
原因状语:Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications
主句:people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas
包含两个并列谓语:现在进行时are feeling + 现在进行时被动 are being exposed to
状语从句(while 引导):governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above 从句为被动语态,句尾 for the reasons given above 作原因状语
【参考译文】
由于大众传播事业的迅猛发展,各地民众不断产生新的需求,也不断接触到新的风俗与观念;与此同时,出于上述种种原因,各国政府往往不得不推行更多的革新措施。
4) In the early industrialized countries of Europe, the process of industrialization— with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns thatfollowed— was spreadover nearly a century, whereasnowadays a developing nation may undergothe same process in a decade or so.
【词汇积累】
early industrialized countries 早期工业化国家
industrialization n. 工业化进程
far-reaching adj. 影响深远的,波及广泛的
social patterns 社会结构,社会形态
follow v. 随之发生,相继出现
spread over 持续,延续(表时间跨度)
whereas conj. 然而,反之(强对比转折)
undergo v. 经历,完成
a decade or so 十年左右
【结构分析】
本句为whereas 连接的并列复合句,前后形成古今对比,前一分句含插入语和定语从句:
地点状语:In the early industrialized countries of Europe
分句1 主语:the process of industrialization
插入语(双破折号分隔,作伴随补充):with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed
that followed 是定语从句,修饰 changes,意为“随之而来的变革”
分句1 谓语:was spread over nearly a century
分句2(whereas 引导对比):nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so
【参考译文】
在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家里,其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革持续了大约一个世纪,而如今一个发展中国家在10年左右的时间内就可以完成同样的过程。
5) Additional social stresses may also occurbecause of the population explosionorproblems arising from mass migration movements-- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
【词汇积累】
additional adj. 额外的,新增的
social stresses 社会压力
occur v. 出现,产生
population explosion 人口爆炸,人口激增
arise from 由… 引发,源于
mass migration movements 大规模人口流动,移民潮
relatively adv. 相对地
means of transport 交通工具,运输方式
【结构分析】
本句为简单句+ 独立主格补充结构:
主句:Additional social stresses may also occur
原因状语:because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements
两个并列原因:the population explosion 和 problems
arising from mass migration movements 是现在分词短语作后置定语,修饰 problems
独立主格结构(破折号后,补充说明migration movements):themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport
themselves 指代 mass migration movements
made 为过去分词,表被动,相当于省略了 which are 的定语从句
【参考译文】
人口激增,或是大规模人口流动引发的种种问题,也可能带来额外的社会压力;而现代交通工具的发展,如今已让这类大规模人口流动变得相对容易。
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