6.19 考研英语真题源外刊阅读模拟试题【难度8.8】

Section II Reading Comprehension 

Part A 

Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 

Text 3

At the risk of sounding platitudinous: life can be horribly frustrating. You feel like you’re finally getting somewhere, and then you mess things up again (in the way you always do) and you’re right back at square one, stuck in your familiar, depressing rut. Round and round you go in the same old circle, never seeming to make any progress, until you finally lose that most precious of commodities: hope.

But consider this: what if you were going round and round, but in a way that is actually OK — normal, healthy, desirable, even? What if, despite all your cock-ups and self-chastisements, you were actually getting somewhere, just on a slightly more roundabout trajectory to the one you had imagined?

We all know that you sometimes have to take “two steps forward, one step back”; that “Rome wasn’t built in a day”; that “progress doesn’t travel in a straight line, it zigs and zags in fits and starts”, as President Barack Obama said just a decade ago (it now feels like a rather prescient remark).

But we still imagine a line, even if it is not straight: up a bit, down a bit, up a bit further, down a bit further. The zigzag of progress can be good to remember. It enables us to zoom out and see the bigger picture — particularly helpful for things that tend to go up and down a bit. Your weight, your running pace, your stock portfolio.

When it comes to other, less quantifiable areas of life, though, this line-graph visualisation starts to become less helpful. Sometimes it doesn’t feel as if there is any progress at all. Particularly when the thing you are trying to make headway on — treating yourself with kindness and compassion, for example, or avoiding dysfunctional coping patterns — is bound up in a deeply ingrained version of who you are. It can feel like the 50 emotional kilos you spent the past decade working so hard to shed have come back in an instant and now taunt you: “See, I know you couldn’t do it, you’re not getting anywhere, you’ll never change.”

But this internal monologue may not reflect the truth. A therapist once told me that when I suddenly feel the nasty emotions I thought I had got rid of — or have the same unhelpful thoughts — I should see that as a reminder of how far I have come. Rather than panic about the feelings still being there, I should use this opportunity to observe them with more clarity, and to respond to them with more wisdom.

And this is where we get to a different kind of visualisation for personal progress. “Psychologically you develop in a spiral, you always come over the same point where you have been before,” explained the godfather of analytic psychology, Carl Jung, in 1929. “But it is never exactly the same, it is either above or below.”

What Jung was saying is that it is not even possible for growth to occur without finding yourself back on the same emotional territory, repeating the same emotional patterns. What is possible is viewing them, and reflecting on them, from a different state of mind, as well as having a different response — ideally a more mature, wise and compassionate one.

Jung believed that the same emotional themes will keep turning up — particularly when we try to suppress them — until we are able to fully accept them. This was his idea of “individuation”: the life-long psychological process of integrating our conscious and unconscious minds in order to become our true selves and to reach our full potential. “There is no linear evolution,” he wrote in Memories, Dreams, Reflections. “There is only a circumambulation of the self.” There’s the spiral again.

31. The author's primary intention in the first two paragraphs is to ________.
[A] rationalize the inevitable despair stemming from continuous personal missteps
[B] challenge the prevailing assumption that cyclical setbacks signify a stagnation in growth
[C] propose a meticulously structured trajectory to circumvent familiar depressive patterns
[D] attribute the depletion of hope fundamentally to individuals' harsh self-chastisements

32. The "line-graph visualisation" (Paragraph 5) falls short in psychological development because ________.
[A] it inadvertently exacerbates the very dysfunctional habits it seeks to eliminate
[B] it relies excessively on quantifiable metrics that obscure long-term motivation
[C] it engenders a deceptive sense of utter defeat when deep-seated emotional struggles resurface
[D] it deliberately blurs the larger picture of an individual's emotional and physical recovery

33. The therapist's perspective (Paragraph 6) suggests that the resurgence of negative emotions ________.
[A] serves as a crucial benchmark for exercising elevated psychological clarity and wisdom
[B] indicates a fundamental failure in shedding the deeply ingrained emotional baggage
[C] is an unavoidable byproduct of constantly monitoring one's internal monologue
[D] necessitates the immediate suppression of unhelpful thoughts to sustain overall progress

34. According to Carl Jung, authentic psychological advancement dictates that individuals ________.
[A] achieve self-actualization by permanently transcending recurring emotional themes
[B] rely on the harmonization of the conscious and unconscious minds to neutralize relapses
[C] undergo an erratic circumambulation completely devoid of any ascending trajectory
[D] navigate familiar emotional landscapes from an altered and more mature state of mind

35. Which of the following best encapsulates the central theme of the text?
[A] The Illusion of the Straight Line: Decoding the Spiral Nature of Psychological Evolution
[B] Carl Jung's Individuation: A Systematic Methodology for Eradicating Negative Emotions
[C] The Pitfalls of Quantifiable Progress: Why Emotional Setbacks Are Scientifically Inevitable
[D] From Despair to Wisdom: Strategies for Suppressing Dysfunctional Coping Mechanisms

附注：根据历年考研英语真题阅读题源外刊等，摘选最新文章，模拟仿真出题。

参考答案见以下。

Quick look: BCADA

31.【正确答案】B
【解析】题型：目的推断题
定位： 第一段和第二段。“...you mess things up again... stuck in your familiar, depressing rut... But consider this: what if you were going round and round, but in a way that is actually OK — normal, healthy, desirable, even?”
分析： 第一段描述了人们陷入循环挫折时的绝望，第二段用 “But consider this” 提出反转：这种循环挫折实际上可能是健康、正常的进步路径。作者旨在推翻大众认为“原地踏步就是没有进步”的传统悲观预设。选项 B“挑战了循环的挫折意味着个人成长停滞的普遍假设（challenge the prevailing assumption that cyclical setbacks signify a stagnation in growth）”是对这两段核心反转逻辑的高度学术化概括。
干扰项：[A] 为源于不断犯错的不可避免的绝望进行辩解（反向干扰，作者认为这种绝望是可以被“挑战/重新审视”的，而非去“辩解/rationalize”它）；[C] 提出一个精心构建的轨迹来规避熟悉的抑郁模式（张冠李戴，作者并未提出“规避”的方法，后文甚至强调必须经历旧地）；[D] 将希望的枯竭根本归因于个人严厉的自我惩罚（局部细节，自我惩罚只是第二段的一个插入语成分，并非作者在此的核心意图）。

32.【正确答案】C
【解析】题型：因果细节题
定位： 第五段“When it comes to other, less quantifiable areas of life, though, this line-graph visualisation starts to become less helpful... It can feel like the 50 emotional kilos... have come back in an instant and now taunt you: ‘See, I know you couldn’t do it...’”
分析： 作者指出，折线图（上下波动）在心理领域不适用的原因在于：当你旧有的情绪复发时，它不会让你觉得“只是下降了一点点”，而是会让你感觉过去十年的努力瞬间清零，产生“你永远都改变不了”的彻底失败感。选项 C“当根深蒂固的情感斗争重新浮现时，它会产生一种虚假的彻底失败感（engenders a deceptive sense of utter defeat）”精准还原了这一心理挫败机制（utter defeat 对应 you're not getting anywhere, you'll never change）。
干扰项：[A] 它无意中加剧了它试图消除的那些功能失调的习惯（过度推断，折线图只是一种“可视化认知方式”，它让人绝望，但原文并未说它“加剧”了坏习惯本身）；[B] 它过度依赖无法捕捉深层心理转变的量化指标（偷换概念，折线图的缺陷不在于它“过度依赖指标”，而在于它让人无法正确面对“不可量化的复发”）；[D] 它故意模糊了个人情感和身体恢复的大局（事实相反，第四段明确说折线图“能够让我们跳出来看到大局 / enables us to zoom out and see the bigger picture”）。

33.【正确答案】A
【解析】题型：事实推断题
定位： 第六段“A therapist once told me that when I suddenly feel the nasty emotions... I should see that as a reminder of how far I have come... I should use this opportunity to observe them with more clarity, and to respond to them with more wisdom.”
分析： 治疗师建议，负面情绪的复发不应引起恐慌，而应被视为一种提醒（reminder），并将其作为以更高的清晰度和智慧去观察和回应的机会。选项 A“作为运用提升后的心理清晰度和智慧的关键基准（serves as a crucial benchmark for exercising elevated psychological clarity and wisdom）”完美地进行了同义替换（benchmark 对应 reminder / opportunity）。
干扰项：[B] 表明在卸下根深蒂固的情感包袱方面彻底失败（态度完全相反，这正是第五段中普通人容易产生的错误想法，也是治疗师试图纠正的）；[C] 是不断监控个人内在独白的不可避免的副产品（强加因果，情绪复发是心理发展的自然过程，而非“监控内在独白”导致的）；[D] 需要立即抑制无益的想法以维持整体的进步（正反颠倒，第九段明确指出荣格认为情感主题会不断重现，“尤其是当我们试图抑制它们时/particularly when we try to suppress them”）。

34.【正确答案】D
【解析】题型：事实细节题
定位： 第八段“What Jung was saying is that it is not even possible for growth to occur without finding yourself back on the same emotional territory... What is possible is viewing them... from a different state of mind, as well as having a different response — ideally a more mature, wise and compassionate one.”
分析： 荣格认为，真正的成长必然要求你回到“相同的情感领地（same emotional territory）”，但区别在于，你要以“不同的、更成熟的心态（different state of mind / more mature... one）”去审视和回应它。选项 D“以一种改变过的、更成熟的心态去探索熟悉的情感景观（navigate familiar emotional landscapes from an altered and more mature state of mind）”是对这一螺旋理论的精准阐释（familiar emotional landscapes 替换 same emotional territory）。
干扰项：[A] 通过永久超越不断重现的情感主题来实现自我实现（事实相反，第七段明确指出“你总会回到你曾经到过的同一个点/always come over the same point”，不可能“永久超越/permanently transcending”）；[B] 依靠意识和潜意识的协调来中和复发（修饰错位，第九段提到整合意识和潜意识是为了“成为真实的自我”，并未说能“中和/消除复发”，相反复发是必要的）；[C] 经历一种完全没有任何上升轨迹的不可预测的绕行（事实相反，第七段指出螺旋虽然绕回同一点，但“要么在上面，要么在下面 / either above or below”，这说明存在纵向的轨迹）。

35.【正确答案】A
【解析】题型：主旨大意题
定位： 全文逻辑结构。
分析： 本文的结构核心在于对比两种认知模型：第一种是传统的“直线/折线（Straight Line / Zigzag）”进步观，作者认为它在心理学上是一种会带来绝望的错觉（Illusion）；第二种是荣格提出的“螺旋（Spiral）”发展观，即反复回到原点但心智维度不断提升。全文旨在解构前者的误区并拥抱后者的真理。选项 A“直线的错觉：解码心理进化的螺旋本质（The Illusion of the Straight Line: Decoding the Spiral Nature of Psychological Evolution）”最具学术张力地概括了这两层核心对比。
干扰项：[B] 荣格的个性化：一种根除负面情绪的系统方法论（态度倒置，荣格明确指出负面情绪不可被“根除/eradicating”，需要“完全接受/fully accept them”）；[C] 量化进步的陷阱：为什么情感挫折在科学上是不可避免的（局部细节，量化进步的弊端只是第四、五段的过渡内容，未能涵盖荣格的螺旋理论）；[D] 从绝望到智慧：抑制功能失调应对机制的策略（常识诱捕，原文极力反对“抑制/suppressing”，强调的是“观察和接受”）。

【词汇注释】

【长难句】

原句：It can feel like the 50 emotional kilos you spent the past decade working so hard to shed have come back in an instant and now taunt you: “See, I know you couldn’t do it, you’re not getting anywhere, you’ll never change.”

解析：

句意：这种感觉就像是：你过去十年里辛辛苦苦减掉的50公斤的情感包袱，在瞬间又回到了你身上，并此刻嘲笑你：“看吧，我就知道你做不到，你根本毫无长进，你永远都改变不了。”

【参考译文】

冒着沦为老生常谈的风险，我还是要说：生活可能会让人极其沮丧。你觉得你终于取得了一些进展，然后你又把事情搞砸了（以你一贯的方式），你又回到了原点，被困在那个你熟悉的、令人沮丧的死循环中。你在同一个旧圈子里兜兜转转，似乎永远没有取得任何进步，直到你最终失去了最宝贵的商品：希望。

但想想看：如果你确实是在兜圈子，但这其实没关系——甚至这才是正常的、健康的、合乎理想的呢？如果，尽管你犯了那么多错，进行了那么多自我惩罚，你实际上依然在取得进展，只不过走的是一条比你想象中稍微迂回一点的轨迹呢？

我们都知道，有时你必须“进两步，退一步”；“罗马不是一天建成的”；“进步不是一条直线，它是在断断续续中曲折前行的”，正如巴拉克·奥巴马总统十年前所说的那样（现在看来，这番话颇有先见之明）。

但我们仍然会想象一条线，即使它不是直的：上升一点，下降一点，再上升一点，再下降一点。记住进步的曲折性是有好处的。它使我们能够拉远视角，纵观全局——这对于那些往往会上下波动的事物特别有帮助，比如你的体重、你的跑步配速、你的股票投资组合。

然而，当涉及到生活中其他较难量化的领域时，这种折线图的可视化就开始变得不那么有用了。有时候，你感觉似乎根本没有任何进步。尤其是当你试图取得进展的事情——例如以善意和同情心对待自己，或避免功能失调的应对模式——与你内心根深蒂固的自我形象紧密交织在一起时。这种感觉就像是：你过去十年里辛辛苦苦减掉的50公斤情感包袱，在瞬间又回到了你身上，并此刻嘲笑你：“看吧，我就知道你做不到，你根本毫无长进，你永远都改变不了。”

但这种内心独白可能并没有反映出真相。一位治疗师曾经告诉我，当我突然又感受到那些我以为已经摆脱的恶劣情绪——或者出现同样无益的想法——时，我应该将其视为一种提醒，提醒我已经走了多远。与其因为这些情绪依然存在而感到恐慌，我不如利用这个机会，以更高的清晰度去观察它们，并以更成熟的智慧去回应它们。

这就是为什么我们要为个人进步引入一种截然不同的可视化模型。“从心理学上讲，你是在呈螺旋状发展的，你总是会回到你曾经到过的同一个点，”分析心理学教父卡尔·荣格在1929年这样解释道。“但它绝对不会完全相同，它要么在上面，要么在下面。”

荣格的意思是，如果你没有发现自己又回到了同样的情感领地、重复着同样的情感模式，那么你的成长甚至是不可能发生的。你所能做到的，是以一种不同的心境来审视和反思它们，并做出不同的反应——理想情况下，是一种更成熟、更明智、更具同情心的反应。

荣格认为，同样的情感主题会不断重现——尤其是当我们试图压抑它们时——直到我们能够完全接受它们。这就是他关于“个性化（individuation）”的理念：这是一个伴随一生的心理过程，旨在整合我们的显意识和潜意识，以便成为真实的自我，并发挥我们的全部潜能。“不存在直线的进化，”他在《记忆·梦·思考》一书中写道。“只存在对自我的绕行探索。”看，螺旋理论又出现了。

附注：