Hello,everyone!
Welcome to my channel, this is Kelly.
在继续学习剩余段落前,
我们先复习一下
翻译讲解的思路/学习的步骤。
👇 👇 👇
Kelly的翻译学习步骤
解析前,我们先分享下英译汉翻译的方法:
译前通读。通常我们在这步需要充分查阅词典,进行词汇扫盲。那么,我在这里给出的词义,是该单词在这篇文章中应选择的词义。当然,你可以思考一下,为什么某个词有好几条释义,但选择了这条呢?
解读翻译。 这一步,我们把自己对于原文的理解通过遣词造句表达出来。在这篇真题的解析中,我会用不同颜色和标注,方便看得更清楚。其中,红色代表谓语,蓝色代表定语,紫色代表状语,黄色高亮是需要注意的代词,蓝色高亮是需要注意的介词和连词。下划线部分代表需要注意的句法成分:动名词/不定式做主语,并列结构等。
译后通读。每次做完一篇文本,请大家务必务必要进行译后通读,毫不夸张地说,这个习惯真的会帮你避免很多问题。译文复盘时应考虑是否有:1)语法错误:是否有单复数、单三、时态等错误; 2)指代错误:是否有上下文指代不一致的情况;3)搭配错误:是否有动宾不搭配、主谓不搭配等情况;4)逻辑错误:是否有在翻译时没能注意到的上下文逻辑谬误;5)拼写错误:是否存在词汇的拼写错误
定期复盘。当然了!如果能够隔几天再将这篇文章拿出来,重新做一遍,看看上次没注意到的地方,这次是否注意到了;上次犯的错误这次还有没有继续犯。那就更完美了!
3&4就留给大家进行安排啦!
我的分享会聚焦在1&2.
翻译解析

段⑤
⑯An economic analysis will involve an examination of the target foreign countries' monetary, fiscal and economic policies. ⑰The factors affecting consumer purchasing and spending patterns include wealth per capita, discretionary income, industrial development, currency restrictions, balance of payments, imports/export licenses, and fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates.⑱The exchange rate of a country's currency represents its value in relation to that of another country's currency. ⑲Currency rates fluctuate on a daily basis, thus creating high risks for many industries, including the travel and hospitality sectors.
第一步:词汇扫盲
monetary[adj.] connected with money, especially all the money in a country货币的,钱的(尤指一国的货币)
fiscal[adj.]connected with government or public money, especially taxes财政的;国库的;国家岁入的
· monetary policy 货币政策
· fiscal polity 财政政策
wealth per capita 人均财富
per capita: for each person每人的;人均的
discretionary income the money remaining from your income after your bills have been paid, which can be spent on entertainment, holidays etc 可支配收入
discretionary[adj.] decided according to the judgement of a person in authority about what is necessary in each particular situation; not decided by rules自行决定的;酌情行事的;便宜行事的
balance of payment 国际收支平衡
imports/export license 进出口许可证(进出口许可证是由国家有关机关给进出口商签发的允许商品进口或出口的证书。进出口许可证制度是我国及世界各国普遍采用的对外贸易管制手段之一。采用进出口许可证制度,商品的进出口都要在申领了许可证以后,方可对外签订合同或办理订货手续,没有许可证,一律不准进出口。)
fluctuation[n.] one of several changes in size, amount, quality, etc. that happen frequently, especially from one extreme to another; the act of changing frequently like this波动
in relation to: used to talk about something that is connected with or compared with the thing you are talking about 相对某事物而言(用于显示两者的联系或比较)
currency rate 汇率
hospitality sector: businesses such as hotels, bars, and restaurants that offer people food, drink, or a place to sleep 餐饮住宿等服务行业
第二步:解读翻译
原文⑯+⑰:
⑯An economic analysis will involve an examination of the target foreign countries' monetary, fiscal and economic policies. ⑰The factors affecting consumer purchasing and spending patternsinclude wealth per capita, discretionary income, industrial development, currency restrictions, balance of payments, imports/export licenses, and fluctuations in interest and foreign exchange rates.
参考译文:
经济分析包括考察目标国家的货币、财政与经济政策。影响消费者消费偏好与支出结构的因素包括人均财富、可支配收入、工业发展水平、外汇管制、国际收支状况、进出口许可证制度,以及利率与汇率波动。
构句解析:
句⑯:英语好用名词构句,这些名词在译成中文时,可酌情转译成动词。原文的an examination of直接转化为中文动宾搭配 “考察…… 政策”,去掉了冗余的名词架构,使用动词构句,符合中文的构句习惯。
句⑰:英文用现在分词短语作后置定语修饰主语,是典型的英文后置修饰句式。译文按照中文 “定语前置” 的规则,把affecting...转化为 “影响…… 的” 前置定语,句子主干一目了然。
用词解析:
target foreign countries' 精简译作 “目标国家”。合并 “目标 + 外国” 两层含义,比起直译 “目标外国的” 更加凝练。
purchasing and spending patterns 译作 “消费偏好与支出结构”。没有机械直译 “购买与支出模式”,而是将pattern引申为“偏好”和“结构”,分别与purchasing和spending搭配,精准区分 “消费选择” 和 “资金分配” 两个维度。
currency restrictions 译作 “外汇管制”,符合专业用语规范。
balance of payments 译作 “国际收支状况”。补充 “状况” 这个范畴词,指代一国国际收支的整体运行态势,比单纯译 “国际收支” 更符合中文描述宏观经济的表达习惯。
imports/export licenses 增译 “制度”。原文字面是 “进出口许可证”,结合上下文可知指配套的管理规则,译为 “进出口许可证制度”,补全隐含语义,贴合宏观政策分析的语境。
原文⑱+⑲:
⑱The exchange rate of a country's currency represents its value in relation tothat of another country's currency. ⑲Currency rates fluctuateon a daily basis, thus creating high risks for many industries, including the travel and hospitality sectors.
参考译文:
汇率代表某国货币相对于他国货币的价值,汇率的每日波动给包括旅游、餐饮住宿在内的众多行业带来了高风险。
构句解析:
句⑱:英文主句偏长,后半段用that指代前面的value,规避名词重复。中文可以精简主语,用核心词“汇率”作主语,省去重复的修饰内容。因为结合上下文可知,“汇率”只能是某国货币对他国货币,因此of a country's的含义可以意合在句中,无需真正译出。
句⑲:英文采用 “主句 + 现在分词短语表结果” 的经典句式,状语后置。译文重新调整句式逻辑,把原文的主谓结构Currency rates fluctuate转化为名词性短语 “汇率的每日波动” 充当主语;再将原文后置的举例内容前置,融入主句当中,把英文的结果状语改成中文常规动宾句式。整体句式衔接顺畅,逻辑链条清晰,彻底摆脱了英文句式的束缚。
用词解析:
The exchange rate of a country's currency 精简译作 “汇率”。结合上下文语境,前文一直在讨论汇率相关内容,无需逐字直译 “一国货币的汇率”,简化后表意不变,读起来更利落。
that of another country's currency 简化为 “他国货币”。英文用代词避免重复,中文不必照搬这种结构,直接整合表述,剔除冗余词汇,语义完整又凝练。
the travel and hospitality sectors 译作 “旅游、餐饮住宿”。hospitality sectors本指服务业、接待业,结合旅游行业语境,选用国内大众熟知的 “餐饮住宿”,划分清晰、理解无门槛;同时省略sectors不译,避免用词重复。

段⑥
⑳A social analysis delves into societal behaviors, customs, values, norms, lifestyles and preferences.㉑Demographic factors, including the age structure of the population, may also change over time.㉒Moreover, social issues could also comprise the cultural environment, which is influenced by the national population size, race, religious beliefs, gender, family, education, occupation, the individual's position in the social strata, etc.㉓Institutions could influence society's basic values, perceptions and preferences.㉔Climate and seasonal variations could also affect consumer behaviors and their travelling propensity.
第一步:词汇扫盲
delve into: to try hard to find out more information about something探索;探究;查考
societal[adj.] connected with society and the way it is organized社会的;关于社会的
norms[n.] standards of behaviour that are typical of or accepted within a particular group or society规范;行为标准
· norm取这个含义时,通常用复数
preference[n.] a thing that is liked better or best偏爱的事物;最喜爱的东西
demographic[adj.] relating to the population and different groups within it人口的;人口学的
comprise[v.] to have somebody/something as parts or members包括;包含;由…组成
social strata 社会阶层
institutions[n.] a custom or system that has existed for a long time among a particular group of people(由来已久的)风俗习惯,制度
perception[n.] an idea, a belief or an image you have as a result of how you see or understand something看法;见解
variation[n.] a change, especially in the amount or level of something(数量、水平等的)变化,变更,变异
propensity[n.] a natural desire or need that makes you tend to behave in a particular way(行为方面的)倾向;习性
第二步:解读翻译
原文⑳+㉑:
⑳A social analysis delves into societal behaviors, customs, values, norms, lifestyles and preferences.㉑Demographic factors, including the age structure of the population, may also change over time.
参考译文:
社会分析深入探究社会行为、风俗习惯、价值观念、行为规范、生活方式与消费偏好。包括人口年龄结构在内的人口统计因素也会随时间推移发生变化。
构句解析:
句⑳:本句在构句上没什么难点,直接保留原文句式即可。
句㉑:英文将举例内容作为插入语放在主语中间,这部分在译文中可紧缩前置于被修饰名词前,用来修饰中心主句,可以让句子结构变得紧凑完整。
用词解析:
preferences 结合整篇旅游消费的上下文,增译 “消费” 译为 “消费偏好”。原文仅写偏好,补充限定词后贴合行业语境,不会产生理解偏差。一连串并列名词都转化为中文常用短语,对仗工整,规避了直译的生硬感。
原文㉒+㉓+㉔:
㉒Moreover, social issues could also comprise the cultural environment, which is influenced by the national population size, race, religious beliefs, gender, family, education, occupation, the individual's position in the social strata, etc.㉓Institutions could influence society's basic values, perceptions and preferences.㉔Climate and seasonal variations could also affect consumer behaviors and their travelling propensity.
参考译文:
此外,文化环境也属于社会因素范畴,会受到人口规模、种族、宗教信仰、性别、家庭、受教育程度、职业以及个人社会阶层地位等多重因素影响。风俗习惯会塑造整个社会的基本价值观、认知与偏好。气候与季节变化也会影响消费者行为及其出行意愿。
构句解析:
句㉒:
· 英文主句后衔接了长长的后置定语从句,整句修饰成分堆叠,句式偏长。这种定语从句一定要拆分后置。
· 分析定语从句后发现,which指代前面的cultural environment,因此选择转换视角,没有机械照搬 “社会因素包含文化环境” 的原语序,改用 “文化环境也属于社会因素范畴”,更贴合中文的表述逻辑。同时也能衔接定语从句的内容。
句㉓+㉔:这两句在构句上没什么难点,直接保留原文句式即可。
用词解析:
social issues 没有直译为 “社会问题”,结合全篇宏观环境分析的语境,译为 “社会因素”,精准指代社会层面各类分析要素,避免语义偏差。
comprise 本义是 “包含、构成”,译文转译为 “属于…… 范畴”,换一种表达逻辑,契合主语。
education 增译 “程度”,译为 “受教育程度”,补充后语义更完整,也和前后并列短语风格统一。
insitutiions译为“风俗习惯”。这里的institution是复数,说明取的是可数名词的词义,因此不可能是“设立”之意。在“机构”和“风俗习惯”两个含义中,“机构”无法塑造整个社会的基本价值观,因此选择“风俗习惯”这个含义。
travelling propensity 译为 “出行意愿”,是旅游行业的固定专业表达,比起直译 “旅行倾向”,更贴合文旅分析的语境,通俗易懂又不失专业性。
their 简化为书面代词 “其”,精简语句,避免重复啰嗦,契合整篇文本的书面风格。

段⑦
㉕Of course, there may be other factors that could affect the consumers' inclination to travel, including credit facilities and attitudes, competition from other spending behaviors, etc. ㉖Social issues may also relate to distances to be travelled, urban versus rural lifestyles and attitudes to travel, emigration, school vacation periods, perceptions on international travel, etc.
第一步:词汇扫盲
inclination[n.] a feeling that makes you want to do something倾向;意愿
versus[prep.] used to compare two different ideas, choices, etc.(比较两种不同想法、选择等)与…相对,与…相比
emigration[n.] the act of leaving your own country to go and live permanently in another country移居国外;移民
第二步:解读翻译
原文㉕+㉖:
㉕Of course, there may be other factors that could affect the consumers' inclination to travel, including credit facilities and attitudes, competition from other spending behaviors, etc. ㉖Social issues may also relate to distances to be travelled, urban versus rural lifestyles and attitudes to travel, emigration, school vacation periods, perceptions on international travel, etc.
参考译文:
当然,消费者的出行意愿也受到其他因素影响,例如能否获得信贷服务、是否愿意使用信贷服务,及其他消费行为的分流等。社会因素还可能涉及出行距离、城乡生活方式差异与出行态度、移民情况、学校假期安排、对国际旅行的认知等。
构句解析:
句㉕:
英文偏好静态句式,采用there be句型搭配后置定语从句,主语修饰成分较长,中文可选择句子核心内容做主语,将句子改换成动态句式。
因此,译文选用核心描述对象 “消费者的出行意愿” 作主语,选择“受到……影响”为主要谓语结构,再用 “例如” 衔接后文列举内容,更加流畅自然。
句㉖:本句的并列名词短语较多,这部分在翻译时需处理为平行结构。
用词解析:
consumers' inclination to travel 译作 “出行意愿”,和前文travelling propensity保持统一译法,全篇术语连贯一致,读者理解起来更顺畅。
credit facilities and attitudes 没有简单直译 “信贷工具和态度”。结合消费场景拆分解读,将credit facilities译为 “信贷服务”(例如旅行中是否能使用信用卡),attitudes补充译为 “是否愿意使用信贷服务”,把原文简略表达背后的实际含义讲清楚,语义更接地气。
competition from other spending behaviors 意译为 “其他消费行为的分流”。直译 “来自其他消费行为的竞争” 比较生硬,“分流” 是消费领域的常用说法,精准表达出其他消费项目挤占旅行开支的含义,贴合文本语境。
urban versus rural lifestyles 增译 “差异” 译为 “城乡生活方式差异”。versus本身含有两者对比的含义,补充 “差异” 后,把对比关系明确体现出来,中文表意更完整。
emigration 增译范畴词 “情况”,译为 “移民情况”。单纯译作 “移民” 略显突兀,补充后和前后各类影响因素的表述风格保持一致。
school vacation periods 译作 “学校假期安排”,没有直译 “学校假期时段”。结合旅行出行的背景,“安排” 更能体现假期设置对出行的实际影响,表达更贴合现实场景。

段⑧
原文:㉗A technological analysis is required as marketers need to keep themselves up-to-date with the latest innovations in the tourism industry. ㉘Like any other business, the tourist firms, including airlines, are affected by new technologies, which could create new products and market opportunities.
第一步:词汇扫盲
up-to-date[adj.] having or including the most recent information拥有(或包含)最新信息的
airline[n.] 航空公司
第二步:解读翻译
原文句㉗+㉘:
㉗A technological analysis is requiredas marketers need to keep themselves up-to-date with the latest innovations in the tourism industry. ㉘Like any other business, the tourist firms, including airlines, are affected by new technologies, which could create new products and market opportunities.
参考译文:
技术分析必不可少,因为营销人员需及时掌握旅游业的最新动态。与其他所有行业一样,包括航空公司在内的旅游企业都会受到新技术的影响,而新技术能够催生新产品、创造新的市场机会。
构句解析:
句㉗:英文好用被动,但中文好用主动。可将被动句式转化为主动判断句,将主句和原因从句拆分为两个短句,用 “因为” 衔接因果关系。
句㉘:英文将举例成分作为插入语放在主语中间,还搭配后置定语从句补充内容,句式结构偏零散。译文调整语序,把 “包括航空公司在内” 前置用来修饰主语,句子结构更规整。
同时转换主被动,将英文被动语态改为中文惯用的主动表述,再把后置定语从句拆分为独立分句,用 “而” 衔接补充内容,整句层次清晰,语句衔接自然流畅。
用词解析:
is required 没有直译为 “被需要”,转而译为 “必不可少”,语气肯定且书面感更强,贴合行业分析文本的行文风格。
keep themselves up-to-date with 简化译为 “及时掌握”,舍弃英文繁复的字面表达,是职场与行业文本里地道简洁的说法。
are affected by new technologies 译为 “受到新技术的影响”,摆脱英文被动句式的束缚,完全符合中文表达习惯。
create new products 选用 “催生” 一词,相比普通的 “创造”,更能体现新技术带动新产品诞生的内在关联。
句中连词 “而” 起到承接补充的作用,柔和衔接前后语义,让整段表述节奏更舒缓。
今天的翻译分享就到这里啦!
大家别忘记,
每次做完一篇文本,
务必要进行译后通读和定期复盘哦!
想要获取pdf资料可联系小助理哦!
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