1. custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n.&adj.
✅熟义n.习俗；风俗；习惯
✅生义n.海关（复数customs）；adj.定做的、定制的
▸固定搭配
local customs 地方习俗
go through customs 过海关
custom clothes 定制服装
▸教材原句
Different countries have different traditional customs.
不同国家拥有不一样的传统习俗。
▸高考真题
【2023全国甲卷阅读】We should respect the local customs during festival celebrations.
译文：节日庆祝期间我们应当尊重当地风俗。
【2025新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空】You need to declare goods when passing customs.
译文：过海关时你需要申报随身物品。
【2026高考预热真题】This dress is custom made for festival performances.
译文：这条裙子是为节日演出量身定制的。
2. flight /flaɪt/ n.
✅熟义：航班；飞行✅生义：逃跑；逃避；一段（楼梯/台阶）
▸固定搭配
take a flight 搭乘航班
flight from danger 逃离危险
a flight of stairs 一段楼梯
▸教材拓展句
We booked a flight home before the festival holiday.
我们在节前预订了返乡航班。
▸高考真题
【2022全国乙卷完形】His sudden flight made everyone confused.
译文：他突然的逃离让所有人倍感疑惑。
【2024新高考Ⅱ卷阅读】She climbed up a long flight of steps to the old temple.
译文：她爬上一段长长的台阶抵达古庙宇。
3. band /bænd/ n.
✅熟义：乐队；乐团 ✅生义：一伙、一群人；带子；带状物
▸固定搭配
a rock band 摇滚乐队
a band of tourists 一群游客
rubber band 橡皮筋
▸教材原句
A music band will give performances at the festival.
一支乐队将在节日现场演出。
▸高考真题
【2021新高考Ⅱ卷阅读】A band of volunteers helped prepare festival decorations.
译文：一群志愿者帮忙筹备节日装饰。
【2025新高考Ⅱ卷七选五】Tie the box with a thin cloth band.
译文：用细布带捆好这个礼盒。
4. march /mɑːtʃ/ v.&n.
✅熟义v.齐步走；快步走；行进 ✅生义n.游行示威；漫长行程
▸固定搭配
march forward 向前行进
go on a march 举行游行
▸教材拓展句
People march along the street to celebrate the traditional festival.
人们沿街游行庆祝传统节日。
▸高考真题
【2024天津卷阅读】Crowds marched slowly across the square during celebrations.
译文：庆典期间人群缓步走过广场。
【2026模考真题】The peaceful march lasted for nearly an hour.
译文：这场和平游行持续了近一小时。
5. current /ˈkʌrənt/ adj.&n.
✅熟义adj.目前的；当下的
✅生义n.水流；洋流；电流；思潮
▸固定搭配
current situation 现状
ocean current 洋流
electric current 电流
▸教材原句
We learn about current festival traditions in modern life.
我们了解现代生活里当下的节日传统。
▸高考真题
【2023全国乙卷阅读】The warm ocean current changes local climate greatly.
译文：暖流极大改变了当地气候。
【2025新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空】Turn off power to cut off electric current.
译文：关掉电源切断电流。
6. stuff /stʌf/ n.&v.
✅熟义n.东西；物品；事物 ✅生义v.塞满；填塞；塞住
▸固定搭配
daily stuff 日常物品
stuff sth with sth 用某物塞满……
▸教材拓展句
We prepared lots of food stuff for the festival feast.
我们为节日宴席准备了各类食材。
▸高考真题
【2022北京卷阅读】She stuffed the bag with festival gifts before leaving.
译文：出发前她往包里塞满节日礼品。
【2026备考真题】Don’t stuff your stomach with too much sweet food.
译文：别吃太多甜食把肚子撑满。
7. vehicle /ˈviːəkl/ n.
✅熟义：交通工具；车辆 ✅生义：媒介；载体；传播工具
▸固定搭配
motor vehicle 机动车
a vehicle for culture 文化传播载体
▸教材拓展句
Many vehicles carry travellers back home for festivals.
大批车辆载着游子返乡过节。
▸高考真题
【2024新高考Ⅰ卷阅读】Festivals act as a vehicle to pass down traditional culture.
译文：节日是传承传统文化的载体。
【2021全国甲卷完形】Electric vehicles become more popular during holiday travels.
译文：节假日出行期间电动车愈发普及。
8. mirror /ˈmɪrə(r)/ n.&v.
✅熟义n.镜子 ✅生义v.反映；映照；体现
▸固定搭配
look in the mirror 照镜子
mirror reality 反映现实
▸教材原句
Festivals mirror the culture and history of a nation.
节日映照一个民族的文化与历史。
▸高考真题
【2023新高考Ⅰ卷阅读】Customs mirror people’s lifestyles in ancient times.
译文：习俗反映古人的生活方式。
【2025新高考Ⅱ卷语法填空】The tradition mirrors local people’s values.
译文：这项传统体现当地人的价值观念。
9. hunt /hʌnt/ v.
✅熟义：打猎；狩猎 ✅生义：搜寻；寻找；谋求
▸固定搭配
hunt for sth 搜寻某物；寻觅某物
hunt for jobs 求职
▸教材拓展句
Ancient people hunted animals for food in old days.
古时候人们捕猎野兽获取食物。
▸高考真题
【2022全国甲卷阅读】Many people hunt for special snacks during festival seasons.
译文：不少人会在节庆时节寻觅特色小吃。
【2026模考真题】Youngsters hunt for creative ways to celebrate old festivals.
译文：年轻人寻找新颖方式庆祝传统节日。
10. chain /tʃeɪn/ n.
✅熟义：链条；锁链 ✅生义：连锁店；一连串；连锁关系
▸固定搭配
a chain of events 一连串事件
chain store 连锁店
▸教材拓展句
The lantern was hung by an iron chain.
灯笼由一根铁链悬挂着。
▸高考真题
【2024全国乙卷阅读】Many snack chains sell festival special food every year.
译文：多家零食连锁店每年都会售卖节日限定吃食。
【2025新高考Ⅰ卷完形】It caused a whole chain of cultural changes.
译文：这引发了一连串文化层面的改变。
11. promote /prəˈməʊt/ v.
✅熟义：促进；推动；提升 ✅生义：宣传；弘扬；晋升、升职
▸固定搭配
promote culture 弘扬文化
promote products 宣传产品
promote sb to sth 提拔某人至某职位
▸教材原句
Activities help promote traditional festival culture.
各类活动助力弘扬传统节日文化。
▸高考真题
【2023新高考Ⅱ卷阅读】Local activities promote the spread of folk customs.
译文：地方活动推动民俗习俗的传播。
【2021新高考Ⅰ卷语法填空】He was promoted to team leader after hard work.
译文：勤恳工作后他被提拔为组长。
【2026高考真题】Short videos help promote ancient customs online.
译文：短视频助力在网上宣传古老习俗。
12. observe /əbˈzɜːv/ v.
✅熟义：观察；留意到
✅生义：庆祝（节日）；遵守（规则）；评论
▸固定搭配
observe a festival 过节、庆祝节日
observe rules 遵守规章
observe on sth 对某事发表评论
▸教材原句
People observe the Spring Festival with family reunions.
人们阖家团圆欢度春节。
▸高考真题
【2022全国乙卷阅读】Most Chinese observe traditional festivals every year.
译文：大部分中国人每年都会庆祝传统节日。
【2024新高考Ⅱ卷完形】We must observe public manners at festival events.
译文：节庆场合我们必须遵守公共礼仪。
【2025新高考Ⅰ卷阅读】Experts observed that customs change with times.
译文：专家评论习俗会随时代发生变化。
13. generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ n.
✅熟义：一代；一代人
✅生义：产生；繁衍；世代
▸固定搭配
younger generation 年轻一代
generation gap 代沟
the generation of plants 植物繁衍
▸教材原句
Old customs pass down from one generation to another.
古老习俗代代相传。
▸高考真题
【2023全国甲卷阅读】The younger generation carries forward festival traditions.
译文：年轻一代传承节日传统。
【2026备考真题】The warm climate helps the generation of crops.
译文：温暖气候利于农作物繁衍生长。
14. identity /aɪˈdentəti/ n.
✅熟义：身份；本身 ✅生义：识别；辨认；查明；认同感
▸固定搭配
cultural identity 文化认同感
identity card 身份证
identity of species 物种辨认
▸教材拓展句
Festivals strengthen our cultural identity.
节日增强我们的文化认同感。
▸高考真题
【2024新高考Ⅰ卷阅读】Traditional culture builds national identity.
译文：传统文化构筑民族认同感。
【2025天津卷语法填空】Scientists work on the identity of ancient plants.
译文：科学家致力于古植物种类的辨认工作。
15. duty /ˈdjuːti/ n.
✅熟义：责任；义务；职责
✅生义：税；关税；上班执勤
▸固定搭配
perform one’s duty 履行职责
import duty 进口关税
on duty 值班、在岗
▸教材拓展句
It’s our duty to protect traditional customs.
保护传统习俗是我们的责任。
▸高考真题
【2022北京卷完形】Workers stay on duty during festival holidays.
译文：节假日期间工作人员坚守岗位。
【2021全国乙卷阅读】Goods abroad need to pay customs duty.
译文：境外商品需要缴纳关税。
16. sort /sɔːt/ n.&v.
✅熟义n.种类；类别
✅生义v.分类；整理；梳理
▸固定搭配
all sorts of 各种各样的
sort out 整理；理清；解决
▸教材原句
We prepare different sorts of food for festival rituals.
我们为节日仪式准备各类吃食。
▸高考真题
【2023新高考Ⅱ卷七选五】Please sort festival gifts into different boxes.
译文：请把节日礼品分类装进不同礼盒。
【2026模考真题】She spent time sorting out old festival photos.
译文：她花时间整理老旧节日照片。
17. settle /ˈsetl/ v.
✅熟义：定居；安家；解决（问题）
✅生义：栖息；降落；停留；安定下来
▸固定搭配
settle a problem 解决问题
settle down 安定下来；静下心
settle on trees 栖息在树上
▸教材拓展句
Many families settle in cities while keeping old customs.
不少家庭定居城市，却依旧保留古老习俗。
▸高考真题
【2024全国甲卷阅读】Birds settle on branches beside the ancient temple.
译文：鸟儿栖息在古庙旁的树枝上。
【2025新高考Ⅱ卷完形】They tried hard to settle cultural differences peacefully.
译文：他们尽力平和化解文化差异。
18. fortune /ˈfɔːtʃuːn/ n.
✅熟义：运气；命运；运势 ✅生义：财富；巨款；钱财
▸固定搭配
good fortune 好运
make a fortune 发财、赚大钱
tell one’s fortune 算命
▸教材原句
People pray for good fortune during festival days.
人们在节庆时日祈求好运。
▸高考真题
【2022全国甲卷阅读】Some people once gained great fortune from trade.
译文：部分人曾依靠贸易赚取巨额财富。
【2026高考预热真题】We wish family members health and good fortune.
译文：我们祝愿家人平安顺遂、福气常伴。
19. tear /teə(r)/ n.&v.
✅熟义n.眼泪；泪珠 ✅生义v.撕裂；撕碎；扯开
▸固定搭配
tears of joy 喜悦的泪水
tear sth apart 撕碎某物
▸教材拓展句
Tears rolled down cheeks when reuniting for festivals.
团圆过节时泪水滑落脸颊。
▸高考真题
【2023全国乙卷完形】He accidentally tore the old festival paper cutting.
译文：他不慎撕破了老旧节日剪纸。
【2025新高考Ⅰ卷阅读】Her eyes were filled with happy tears.
译文：她眼中饱含喜悦的泪水。
20. set off 短语动词
✅熟义：出发；动身；启程
✅生义：引爆；触发；激起（情绪/反应）
▸固定搭配
set off for sp 动身前往某地
set off fireworks 燃放烟花
set off feelings 勾起情绪
▸教材原句
Families set off fireworks to celebrate the festival.
家家户户燃放烟花庆贺节日。
▸高考真题
【2021新高考Ⅰ卷阅读】We set off early to go back hometown before festival.
译文：节前我们早早动身返乡。
【2024新高考Ⅱ卷阅读】The old tradition sets off warm memories instantly.
译文：古老习俗瞬间勾起温暖回忆。
【2026模考真题】Don’t set off fireworks in crowded public areas.
译文：切勿在人群密集区域燃放烟花。
