中考语法填空九大口诀详解

四季读书网 1 0
中考语法填空九大口诀详解

做语法填空有技巧,不用翻译通过做题口诀就可以解决大部分问题,填写的正确率也会大大提升,有很多同学做题靠翻译,翻译出来填的词有一半是错的,主要是词的形式不对,今天学个技术活儿,根据空前后的词判断词性和形式

口诀

1️⃣ 名前形,形后名

核心逻辑:

形容词的核心功能是修饰名词,放在名词前作定语

反过来,冠词、形容词性物主代词、形容词后,优先填名词形式(需注意单复数)

例句:

1. 名词前变形容词:

It is an______ (interest) movie that we all like it.

解析:名词movie前需要形容词修饰,interest的形容词形式有interesting(修饰物)

interested(修饰人),这里用interesting

答案:interesting

2. 形容词后变名词:

She is a famous ______ (sing) in our city.

解析:形容词famous后需要名词,sing对应的名词是singer(歌手)

答案:singer

2️⃣ 介词后填名词、代词、动名词

核心逻辑:

介词(in/on/at/for/of/with/about等)后面的成分叫“介词宾语”,只能接名词、代词宾格、动名词(doing)

例句:

1. 接名词:I usually go to school by ______ (bus).

解析:介词by后直接接名词bus,用原形即可

答案:bus

2. 接代词宾格:My mother is angry with ______ (I) because I broke the cup.

解析:介词with后接代词,必须用宾格形式me

答案:me

3. 接动名词:He is good at ______ (play) the piano.

解析:介词at后接动词,要变成动名词playing

答案:playing

3️⃣ 主宾不同用宾格,主宾相同反身代

核心逻辑:

人称代词在主语位置用主格(I/he/she/they)

在宾语/表语位置用宾格(me/him/her/them)

当主语和宾语指代同一个人时,要用反身代词(myself/himself/herself/themselves)

例句:

1. 用宾格:

My English teacher always encourages ______ (we) to speak more in class.

解析:动词encourages后是宾语,we的宾格是us

答案:us

2. 用反身代词:The little boy can dress ______ (he) now.

解析:主语the little boy和宾语指代同一人,用反身代词himself

答案:himself

4️⃣ 系动词后形容词

核心逻辑:

系动词包括:

be动词:am,is,are

感官动词:look,sound,smell,taste,feel

变化类:become,get

后面的表语,优先用形容词形式

例句:

1. The food smells ______ (deliciously).

解析:感官动词smell后接形容词作表语,deliciously是副词,改为形容词delicious

答案:delicious

2. She feels ______ (tire) after the long trip.

解析:系动词feel后接形容词,修饰人用tired(感到累的)

答案:tired

5️⃣ 有than就填比较级,圈定范围最高级

核心逻辑:

看到 than(比) A or B 、 much/a little 修饰词,优先用形容词/副词的比较级

看到 in/of + 范围 、 one of + 复数名词 、序数词修饰,优先用最高级

例句:

1. 比较级:He runs ______ (fast) than his brother.

解析:有than,fast的比较级是faster

答案:faster

2. 最高级:This is ______ (good) book I have ever read.

解析: I have ever read 圈定了范围,用最高级the best。

答案:the best

6️⃣ 主语之后填谓语动词,时态、语态、单复数

核心逻辑:

主语后面的动词,90%是谓语动词,要同时考虑3个点:

1. 时态:看时间标志词(yesterday,now,tomorrow)确定好时态,填相应的动词形式

2. 语态:主语和动词是主动还是被动(被动用be done)

3. 单复数:主语是第三人称单数时,一般现在时动词要加s/es

例句:

1. 时态+单复数:She often ______ (read) books in the evening.

解析:主语she是三单,时间标志often是一般现在时,read变为reads

答案:reads

2. 被动语态:The classroom ______ (clean) by students every day.

解析:主语classroom和clean是被动关系,every day表示一般现在时,用is cleaned

答案:is cleaned

7️⃣ 非谓语:多个动词共用一个主语,确定谓语动词后,其余就用非谓语;主动/进行用ing,被动用ed,目的/将来用to do

核心逻辑:

一个句子只能有1个谓语动词,其他动词必须用非谓语形式

分三种形式 适用场景 

doing 主动关系、进行状态、介词后 

done 被动关系、完成状态 

to do 目的、将来、固定搭配 

例句:

1. 主动用doing:He sat there, ______ (read) a newspaper.

解析:主语he和read是主动关系,用现在分词reading作伴随状语

答案:reading

2. 被动用done:I found the door ______ (lock) when I got home.

解析:door和lock是被动关系,用过去分词locked作宾语补足语

答案:locked

3. 目的用to do:She got up early ______ (catch) the first bus.

解析:早起的目的是赶公交,用不定式to catch表目的

答案:to catch

8️⃣ 副词功能最强大,修饰动词、形容词、其它副词和句子

副词位置:句首、主语和谓语之间,be/情/助之后,句末

核心逻辑:

副词的核心功能是“修饰”,可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,位置灵活

修饰动词:放在动词后(或动词+宾语后)

修饰形容词/副词:放在被修饰词前

修饰句子:放在句首,用逗号隔开

例句:

1. 修饰动词:He speaks English ______ (good).

解析:修饰动词speak要用副词,good的副词是well

答案:well

2. 修饰形容词:It is ______ (real) cold today.

解析:修饰形容词cold要用副词,real的副词是really

答案:really

3. 句首修饰句子:______ (luck), he passed the exam.

解析:修饰整个句子,用副词luckily,放在句首大写

答案:Luckily

9️⃣ 情态动词后填动词原形

核心逻辑:

情态动词(can/may/must/should/will/would等)后面,必须接动词原形,不受人称和时态影响

例句:

1. You should ______ (study) hard for the exam.

解析:情态动词should后接动词原形study

答案:study

2. She can ______ (play) the violin very well.

解析:情态动词can后接动词原形play

答案:play

搭配口诀专项练习题

1. The little girl has a ______ (love) cat.(口诀1:名词前填形容词)

2. Thank you for ______ (help) me with my homework.(口诀2:介词后填动名词)

3. My parents always ask ______ (I) to be careful when crossing the road.(口诀3:主宾不同用宾格)

4. The flowers in the garden look ______ (beauty) in spring.(口诀4:系动词后接形容词)

5. This story is ______ (interesting) than that one.(口诀5:有than填比较级)

6. My father ______ (watch) TV every evening after dinner.(口诀6:主语后接谓语,时态+单复数)

7. I want ______ (buy) a new dictionary for my sister.(口诀7:目的用to do)

8. ______ (final), we finished the difficult task on time.(口诀8:副词修饰句子)

9. You must ______ (follow) the school rules when you are at school.(口诀9:情态动词后接动词原形)

10. The ______ (child) are playing happily in the park now.(口诀6:主语后跟谓语,谓语用are主语用名词复数)

11. She learned English by ______ (she) when she was a child.(口诀3:主宾相同用反身代词)

12. The movie is ______ (excite) and all the students like it very much.(口诀4:系动词后接形容词)

13. He is one of the ______ (tall) boys in his class.(口诀5:圈定范围用最高级)

14. The letter ______ (write) by my grandmother last week.(口诀6:主语后接被动语态谓语)

15. He stood there, ______ (wait) for his mother to come back.(口诀7:主动关系用doing)

答案

1. lovely

解析:名词 cat 前需要形容词修饰,love的形容词形式为 lovely (可爱的)

2. helping

解析:介词 for 后接动词时,必须变为动名词形式,help的动名词为 helping 

3. me

解析:动词 ask 后接宾语,人称代词 I 需要变为宾格形式 me 

4. beautiful

解析:感官系动词 look 后接形容词作表语,beauty的形容词形式为 beautiful (美丽的)

5. more interesting

解析:出现标志词 than ,形容词要用比较级,interesting为多音节词,比较级为 more interesting 

6. watches

解析:主语 my father 是第三人称单数,时间标志 every evening 表示一般现在时,谓语动词watch要变为三单形式 watches 

7. to buy

解析:固定搭配 want to do sth. (想要做某事),用不定式 to buy 表目的/将来

8. Finally

解析:修饰整个句子要用副词,final的副词形式为 finally ,句首首字母大写

9. follow

解析:情态动词 must 后必须接动词原形,所以用 follow 

10. children

解析:定冠词 the 后接名词,be动词为 are ,说明主语是复数,child的复数形式为 children 

11. herself

解析:主语 she 和宾语指代同一人,用反身代词 herself ,构成固定搭配 by oneself (独自)

12. exciting

解析:系动词 is 后接形容词作表语,修饰事物 movie 要用 exciting (令人兴奋的)

13. tallest

解析:固定结构 one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 ,表示“最……之一”,所以用 tallest 

14. was written

解析:主语 the letter 和动词 write 是被动关系,时间标志 last week 表示一般过去时,被动语态结构为 was/were + done ,letter是单数,所以用 was written 

15. waiting

解析:句子已有谓语动词 stood , wait 为非谓语;主语 he 和 wait 是主动关系,用现在分词 waiting 作伴随状语

易混,陷阱题

要求:用所给单词的适当形式填空

1. It is very ______ (use) for us to learn English well.

2. She is looking forward to ______ (visit) the old museum.

3. Help ______ (you) to some fruit, kids.

4. The soup tastes ______ (well). Please have more.

5. Lucy sings much ______ (clear) than Lily in the competition.

6. A lot of trees ______ (plant) on the hills every spring.

7. My teacher told me ______ (not be) late for school again.

8. He runs so ______ (quick) that no one can catch up with him.

9. Everyone ______ (can) keep quiet in the library.

10. There are many ______ (travel) coming to our city every year.

11. The little girl taught ______ (she) to play the piano.

12. I feel ______ (relax) when I listen to soft music.

13. This is ______ (wonder) movie I have ever seen.

14. Look! The birds ______ (fly) happily in the sky.

15. ______ (walk) along the street, and you will find the hospital on your left.

答案

1. useful

解析:名词前用形容词修饰,use 变形容词 useful(有用的)

口诀:名词前填形容词

2. visiting

解析:固定搭配 look forward to 中 to 是介词,介词后接动名词

口诀:介词后填动名词 ⚠️易错:不要误写为 visit

3. yourselves

解析:主语和动作对象一致,反身代词;后文 kids 为复数,用复数反身代词

口诀:主宾相同反身代

4. good

解析:感官系动词 taste 后接形容词作表语;well 作形容词仅表“身体好”,此处用 good

口诀:系动词后形容词 ⚠️易错:直接套用副词 well

5. more clearly

解析:than 表比较级;修饰动词 sings 要用副词,clearly 为多音节副词,比较级加 more

口诀:有than就填比较级

6. are planted

解析:主语 trees 和 plant 是被动关系;every spring 为一般现在时,主语为复数。

口诀:主语之后跟谓语,时态、语态、单复数

7. not to be

解析:句子已有谓语 told,其余动词用非谓语;固定搭配 tell sb. (not) to do sth.

口诀:非谓语表目的/固定搭配用 to do

8. quickly

解析:修饰动词 runs 用副词,quick 变副词 quickly。

口诀:副词修饰动词

9. can

解析:情态动词后直接加动词原形,情态动词本身无人称、数变化,保留原形

口诀:情态动词后跟动词原形

10. travellers / travelers

解析:many 后接可数名词复数,travel 变为指人名词 traveller(游客)

口诀:形容词/限定词后填名词

11. herself

解析:固定搭配 teach oneself 自学,主语 she 对应反身代词 herself

口诀:主宾相同反身代

12. relaxed

解析:系动词 feel 后接形容词;修饰人用 relaxed(感到放松的),relaxing 多用于修饰事物

口诀:系动词后形容词⚠️易混辨析:-ed修饰人,-ing修饰物

13. the most wonderful

解析:I have ever seen 划定范围,用形容词最高级;多音节词最高级前加 the most

口诀:圈定范围最高级

14. are flying

解析:Look! 是现在进行时标志;主语 the birds 为复数,结构:are + doing

口诀:主语之后跟谓语,时态语态单复数

15. Walk

解析:祈使句,句首用动词原形

记住口诀,搭配练习题训练,不明白的地方评论区留言🌹

抱歉,评论功能暂时关闭!