做语法填空有技巧,不用翻译通过做题口诀就可以解决大部分问题,填写的正确率也会大大提升,有很多同学做题靠翻译,翻译出来填的词有一半是错的,主要是词的形式不对,今天学个技术活儿,根据空前后的词判断词性和形式
口诀
1️⃣ 名前形,形后名
核心逻辑:
形容词的核心功能是修饰名词,放在名词前作定语
反过来,冠词、形容词性物主代词、形容词后,优先填名词形式(需注意单复数)
例句:
1. 名词前变形容词:
It is an______ (interest) movie that we all like it.
解析:名词movie前需要形容词修饰,interest的形容词形式有interesting(修饰物)
interested(修饰人),这里用interesting
答案:interesting
2. 形容词后变名词:
She is a famous ______ (sing) in our city.
解析:形容词famous后需要名词,sing对应的名词是singer(歌手)
答案:singer
2️⃣ 介词后填名词、代词、动名词
核心逻辑:
介词(in/on/at/for/of/with/about等)后面的成分叫“介词宾语”,只能接名词、代词宾格、动名词(doing)
例句:
1. 接名词:I usually go to school by ______ (bus).
解析:介词by后直接接名词bus,用原形即可
答案:bus
2. 接代词宾格:My mother is angry with ______ (I) because I broke the cup.
解析:介词with后接代词,必须用宾格形式me
答案:me
3. 接动名词:He is good at ______ (play) the piano.
解析:介词at后接动词,要变成动名词playing
答案:playing
3️⃣ 主宾不同用宾格,主宾相同反身代
核心逻辑:
人称代词在主语位置用主格(I/he/she/they)
在宾语/表语位置用宾格(me/him/her/them)
当主语和宾语指代同一个人时,要用反身代词(myself/himself/herself/themselves)
例句:
1. 用宾格:
My English teacher always encourages ______ (we) to speak more in class.
解析:动词encourages后是宾语,we的宾格是us
答案:us
2. 用反身代词:The little boy can dress ______ (he) now.
解析:主语the little boy和宾语指代同一人,用反身代词himself
答案:himself
4️⃣ 系动词后形容词
核心逻辑:
系动词包括:
be动词:am,is,are
感官动词:look,sound,smell,taste,feel
变化类:become,get
后面的表语,优先用形容词形式
例句:
1. The food smells ______ (deliciously).
解析:感官动词smell后接形容词作表语,deliciously是副词,改为形容词delicious
答案:delicious
2. She feels ______ (tire) after the long trip.
解析:系动词feel后接形容词,修饰人用tired(感到累的)
答案:tired
5️⃣ 有than就填比较级,圈定范围最高级
核心逻辑:
看到 than(比) A or B 、 much/a little 修饰词,优先用形容词/副词的比较级
看到 in/of + 范围 、 one of + 复数名词 、序数词修饰,优先用最高级
例句:
1. 比较级:He runs ______ (fast) than his brother.
解析:有than,fast的比较级是faster
答案:faster
2. 最高级:This is ______ (good) book I have ever read.
解析: I have ever read 圈定了范围,用最高级the best。
答案:the best
6️⃣ 主语之后填谓语动词,时态、语态、单复数
核心逻辑:
主语后面的动词,90%是谓语动词,要同时考虑3个点:
1. 时态:看时间标志词(yesterday,now,tomorrow)确定好时态,填相应的动词形式
2. 语态:主语和动词是主动还是被动(被动用be done)
3. 单复数:主语是第三人称单数时,一般现在时动词要加s/es
例句:
1. 时态+单复数:She often ______ (read) books in the evening.
解析:主语she是三单,时间标志often是一般现在时,read变为reads
答案:reads
2. 被动语态:The classroom ______ (clean) by students every day.
解析:主语classroom和clean是被动关系,every day表示一般现在时,用is cleaned
答案:is cleaned
7️⃣ 非谓语:多个动词共用一个主语,确定谓语动词后,其余就用非谓语;主动/进行用ing,被动用ed,目的/将来用to do
核心逻辑:
一个句子只能有1个谓语动词,其他动词必须用非谓语形式
分三种形式 适用场景
doing 主动关系、进行状态、介词后
done 被动关系、完成状态
to do 目的、将来、固定搭配
例句:
1. 主动用doing:He sat there, ______ (read) a newspaper.
解析:主语he和read是主动关系,用现在分词reading作伴随状语
答案:reading
2. 被动用done:I found the door ______ (lock) when I got home.
解析:door和lock是被动关系,用过去分词locked作宾语补足语
答案:locked
3. 目的用to do:She got up early ______ (catch) the first bus.
解析:早起的目的是赶公交,用不定式to catch表目的
答案:to catch
8️⃣ 副词功能最强大,修饰动词、形容词、其它副词和句子
副词位置:句首、主语和谓语之间,be/情/助之后,句末
核心逻辑:
副词的核心功能是“修饰”,可以修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,位置灵活
修饰动词:放在动词后(或动词+宾语后)
修饰形容词/副词:放在被修饰词前
修饰句子:放在句首,用逗号隔开
例句:
1. 修饰动词:He speaks English ______ (good).
解析:修饰动词speak要用副词,good的副词是well
答案:well
2. 修饰形容词:It is ______ (real) cold today.
解析:修饰形容词cold要用副词,real的副词是really
答案:really
3. 句首修饰句子:______ (luck), he passed the exam.
解析:修饰整个句子,用副词luckily,放在句首大写
答案:Luckily
9️⃣ 情态动词后填动词原形
核心逻辑:
情态动词(can/may/must/should/will/would等)后面,必须接动词原形,不受人称和时态影响
例句:
1. You should ______ (study) hard for the exam.
解析:情态动词should后接动词原形study
答案:study
2. She can ______ (play) the violin very well.
解析:情态动词can后接动词原形play
答案:play
搭配口诀专项练习题
1. The little girl has a ______ (love) cat.(口诀1:名词前填形容词)
2. Thank you for ______ (help) me with my homework.(口诀2:介词后填动名词)
3. My parents always ask ______ (I) to be careful when crossing the road.(口诀3:主宾不同用宾格)
4. The flowers in the garden look ______ (beauty) in spring.(口诀4:系动词后接形容词)
5. This story is ______ (interesting) than that one.(口诀5:有than填比较级)
6. My father ______ (watch) TV every evening after dinner.(口诀6:主语后接谓语,时态+单复数)
7. I want ______ (buy) a new dictionary for my sister.(口诀7:目的用to do)
8. ______ (final), we finished the difficult task on time.(口诀8:副词修饰句子)
9. You must ______ (follow) the school rules when you are at school.(口诀9:情态动词后接动词原形)
10. The ______ (child) are playing happily in the park now.(口诀6:主语后跟谓语,谓语用are主语用名词复数)
11. She learned English by ______ (she) when she was a child.(口诀3:主宾相同用反身代词)
12. The movie is ______ (excite) and all the students like it very much.(口诀4:系动词后接形容词)
13. He is one of the ______ (tall) boys in his class.(口诀5:圈定范围用最高级)
14. The letter ______ (write) by my grandmother last week.(口诀6:主语后接被动语态谓语)
15. He stood there, ______ (wait) for his mother to come back.(口诀7:主动关系用doing)
答案
1. lovely
解析:名词 cat 前需要形容词修饰,love的形容词形式为 lovely (可爱的)
2. helping
解析:介词 for 后接动词时,必须变为动名词形式,help的动名词为 helping
3. me
解析:动词 ask 后接宾语,人称代词 I 需要变为宾格形式 me
4. beautiful
解析:感官系动词 look 后接形容词作表语,beauty的形容词形式为 beautiful (美丽的)
5. more interesting
解析:出现标志词 than ,形容词要用比较级,interesting为多音节词,比较级为 more interesting
6. watches
解析:主语 my father 是第三人称单数,时间标志 every evening 表示一般现在时,谓语动词watch要变为三单形式 watches
7. to buy
解析:固定搭配 want to do sth. (想要做某事),用不定式 to buy 表目的/将来
8. Finally
解析:修饰整个句子要用副词,final的副词形式为 finally ,句首首字母大写
9. follow
解析:情态动词 must 后必须接动词原形,所以用 follow
10. children
解析:定冠词 the 后接名词,be动词为 are ,说明主语是复数,child的复数形式为 children
11. herself
解析:主语 she 和宾语指代同一人,用反身代词 herself ,构成固定搭配 by oneself (独自)
12. exciting
解析:系动词 is 后接形容词作表语,修饰事物 movie 要用 exciting (令人兴奋的)
13. tallest
解析:固定结构 one of the + 形容词最高级 + 复数名词 ,表示“最……之一”,所以用 tallest
14. was written
解析:主语 the letter 和动词 write 是被动关系,时间标志 last week 表示一般过去时,被动语态结构为 was/were + done ,letter是单数,所以用 was written
15. waiting
解析:句子已有谓语动词 stood , wait 为非谓语;主语 he 和 wait 是主动关系,用现在分词 waiting 作伴随状语
易混,陷阱题
要求:用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. It is very ______ (use) for us to learn English well.
2. She is looking forward to ______ (visit) the old museum.
3. Help ______ (you) to some fruit, kids.
4. The soup tastes ______ (well). Please have more.
5. Lucy sings much ______ (clear) than Lily in the competition.
6. A lot of trees ______ (plant) on the hills every spring.
7. My teacher told me ______ (not be) late for school again.
8. He runs so ______ (quick) that no one can catch up with him.
9. Everyone ______ (can) keep quiet in the library.
10. There are many ______ (travel) coming to our city every year.
11. The little girl taught ______ (she) to play the piano.
12. I feel ______ (relax) when I listen to soft music.
13. This is ______ (wonder) movie I have ever seen.
14. Look! The birds ______ (fly) happily in the sky.
15. ______ (walk) along the street, and you will find the hospital on your left.
答案
1. useful
解析:名词前用形容词修饰,use 变形容词 useful(有用的)
口诀:名词前填形容词
2. visiting
解析:固定搭配 look forward to 中 to 是介词,介词后接动名词
口诀:介词后填动名词 ⚠️易错:不要误写为 visit
3. yourselves
解析:主语和动作对象一致,反身代词;后文 kids 为复数,用复数反身代词
口诀:主宾相同反身代
4. good
解析:感官系动词 taste 后接形容词作表语;well 作形容词仅表“身体好”,此处用 good
口诀:系动词后形容词 ⚠️易错:直接套用副词 well
5. more clearly
解析:than 表比较级;修饰动词 sings 要用副词,clearly 为多音节副词,比较级加 more
口诀:有than就填比较级
6. are planted
解析:主语 trees 和 plant 是被动关系;every spring 为一般现在时,主语为复数。
口诀:主语之后跟谓语,时态、语态、单复数
7. not to be
解析:句子已有谓语 told,其余动词用非谓语;固定搭配 tell sb. (not) to do sth.
口诀:非谓语表目的/固定搭配用 to do
8. quickly
解析:修饰动词 runs 用副词,quick 变副词 quickly。
口诀:副词修饰动词
9. can
解析:情态动词后直接加动词原形,情态动词本身无人称、数变化,保留原形
口诀:情态动词后跟动词原形
10. travellers / travelers
解析:many 后接可数名词复数,travel 变为指人名词 traveller(游客)
口诀:形容词/限定词后填名词
11. herself
解析:固定搭配 teach oneself 自学,主语 she 对应反身代词 herself
口诀:主宾相同反身代
12. relaxed
解析:系动词 feel 后接形容词;修饰人用 relaxed(感到放松的),relaxing 多用于修饰事物
口诀:系动词后形容词⚠️易混辨析:-ed修饰人,-ing修饰物
13. the most wonderful
解析:I have ever seen 划定范围,用形容词最高级;多音节词最高级前加 the most
口诀:圈定范围最高级
14. are flying
解析:Look! 是现在进行时标志;主语 the birds 为复数,结构:are + doing
口诀:主语之后跟谓语,时态语态单复数
15. Walk
解析:祈使句,句首用动词原形
记住口诀,搭配练习题训练,不明白的地方评论区留言🌹