很多同学觉得单词难记，其实英语单词就像乐高——不同的前缀加上基础词，就能拼出新单词。
初中英语单词
名词加前缀，变出新名词
（完整版）
给一个名词加上前缀，可以创造出另一个意义相关的新名词。结合前缀记单词，是扩大词汇量的重要方法。
本篇涉及的前缀
一、dis-
二、un-
三、re-
四、mis-
五、over-
六、pre-
七、sub-
八、super-
九、mini-
初中英语前缀构词法（名词篇）
前缀 dis- 表示否定或相反：discovery, dishonesty, disbelief, disease, disorder, discomfort, disadvantage, disability, disagreement, disapproval, dislike
前缀 un- 表示否定：unrest, unhappiness, unemployment, unfairness, uncleanness
前缀 re- 表示再次或重新：recycle, reprint, replay, reuse, reunion, return, rebuild
前缀 mis- 表示错误或坏：misfortune, misunderstanding, mistrust, misuse, misprint, mismatch, misdeed
前缀 over- 表示过度或在上方：overcoat, overtime, overhead, overpass, overseas, overwork, overdraft, overload, overpopulation, overcrowding, overconfidence, overreaction, overstatement
前缀 pre- 表示之前或预先：preview, prehistory, precaution, preschool, preheat
前缀 sub- 表示在…之下：subway, subtitle, submarine, suburb, subtotal
前缀 super- 表示超级：supermarket, superstar, superhero, superpower, superman
前缀 mini- 表示小型：minibus, miniskirt, minivan, minigolf, minibar
掌握这些前缀的含义，当你遇到一个新单词时，就可以通过前缀和词根猜出它的意思。例如，只要知道 agreement 是“同意”，就能推断 disagreement 是“不同意”；知道 view 是“视野/看法”，就能推断 preview 是“预先看”（预告/预习）。这是扩大词汇量最有效的方法之一。
第一部分
名词加前缀，变出新名词
一、加前缀 dis- 表示“否定、相反”
1. cover → discovery（cover 封面/盖子 → 发现）
The discovery of electricity changed the world forever.
电的发现永远地改变了世界。
Scientists made an important discovery in the laboratory.
科学家们在实验室里做出了一项重要发现。
The discovery of a new planet excited everyone.
一颗新行星的发现让所有人都很兴奋。
2. honesty → dishonesty（诚实 → 不诚实）
His dishonesty cost him his job.
他的不诚实让他丢了工作。
Dishonesty is never a good policy.
不诚实从来都不是一个好原则。
The teacher punished the student for dishonesty.
老师因那名学生不诚实而惩罚了他。
3. belief → disbelief（相信 → 不信）
She stared at the news in complete disbelief.
她完全不敢相信地盯着那条新闻。
He shook his head in disbelief at what he had heard.
他不敢相信自己所听到的，摇了摇头。
There was a moment of disbelief before the crowd cheered.
在人群欢呼之前，有一瞬间的难以置信。
4. ease → disease（安逸 → 疾病）
The disease spread quickly through the small village.
疾病在那个小村庄里迅速传播。
Regular exercise can help prevent heart disease.
定期锻炼有助于预防心脏病。
Doctors are working hard to find a cure for the disease.
医生们正在努力寻找治疗这种疾病的方法。
5. order → disorder（秩序 → 混乱）
The room was in a state of disorder after the party.
派对之后房间里一片狼藉。
His mental disorder required medical attention.
他的精神紊乱需要医疗照顾。
The sudden noise caused disorder among the crowd.
突然的噪音在人群中引起了混乱。
6. comfort → discomfort（舒适 → 不适）
The patient felt some discomfort after the operation.
手术后病人感到有些不适。
The heat caused great discomfort to the runners.
炎热让跑步者感到非常不舒服。
She tried to ignore the discomfort in her back.
她试图忽略背部的疼痛不适。
7. advantage → disadvantage（优势 → 劣势）
The main disadvantage of this plan is the high cost.
这个计划的主要缺点是成本高。
His height was a disadvantage in playing basketball.
他的身高是打篮球的一个不利条件。
Every choice has its advantages and disadvantages.
每个选择都有其优点和缺点。
8. ability → disability（能力 → 残疾）
The center provides support for people with disabilities.
该中心为残疾人提供支持。
His disability did not stop him from achieving his goals.
他的残疾并没有阻止他实现自己的目标。
She was born with a learning disability.
她天生有学习障碍。
9. agreement → disagreement（同意 → 分歧）
There was a disagreement between the two friends.
两个朋友之间发生了分歧。
The disagreement over money caused the argument.
关于钱的争执引发了争吵。
They finally resolved their disagreement after a long discussion.
经过长时间的讨论，他们终于解决了分歧。
10. approval → disapproval（赞同 → 不赞同）
Her parents showed their disapproval by shaking their heads.
她的父母摇头表示不赞同。
He ignored the disapproval of his classmates and followed his dream.
他无视同学们的不赞同，追随自己的梦想。
There was clear disapproval on her face.
她脸上明显露出了不赞同的表情。
11. like → dislike（喜爱 → 厌恶）
Everyone has their own likes and dislikes.
每个人都有自己的好恶。
She has a strong dislike for cold weather.
她非常讨厌寒冷的天气。
His dislike of vegetables made dinner time difficult.
他不喜欢吃蔬菜，这让晚餐时间变得很困难。
二、加前缀 un- 表示“否定”
12. rest → unrest（安宁 → 动荡）
The political unrest caused fear among the people.
政治动荡引起了人民的恐惧。
Social unrest broke out after the sudden increase in food prices.
食品价格突然上涨后爆发了社会动荡。
The government tried to calm the unrest in the capital.
政府试图平息首都的动荡。
13. happiness → unhappiness（快乐 → 不快乐）
His unhappiness at school was obvious to his parents.
他在学校的不开心，他的父母是看得出来的。
Money cannot solve deep unhappiness.
金钱无法解决内心深层的痛苦。
She tried to hide her unhappiness behind a smile.
她试图用微笑来掩饰自己的不快乐。
14. employment → unemployment（就业 → 失业）
Unemployment rose sharply during the economic crisis.
经济危机期间失业率急剧上升。
The government created new jobs to reduce unemployment.
政府创造了新的就业机会来减少失业。
Long-term unemployment can be very difficult for families.
长期失业对一个家庭来说可能是非常艰难的。
15. fairness → unfairness（公平 → 不公平）
The unfairness of the decision made everyone angry.
这个决定的不公平让所有人感到愤怒。
She spoke out against the unfairness in the school rules.
她公开反对校规中的不公平之处。
There is still much unfairness in the world that needs to be fixed.
世界上仍然有许多不公需要纠正。
16. cleanliness → uncleanness（洁净 → 不洁）
The uncleanness of the river made it dangerous to swim in.
河水的污浊使得在里面游泳很危险。
The health inspector noted the uncleanness of the kitchen.
卫生检查员注意到厨房的不洁。
Uncleanness in the water supply caused many illnesses.
供水系统的污染导致了许多疾病。
三、加前缀 re- 表示“再次、重新”
17. cycle → recycle（循环 → 回收利用）
We separate our trash to make recycling easier.
我们把垃圾分类，以便于回收利用。
The city started a new recycling program this year.
今年该市启动了一个新的回收计划。
Recycling helps reduce the amount of waste in landfills.
回收利用有助于减少垃圾填埋场的垃圾量。
18. print → reprint（印刷品 → 再版）
The publisher ordered a reprint of the popular book.
出版商订购了一本畅销书的再版。
The reprint corrected several mistakes from the first edition.
再版修正了第一版的几处错误。
A reprint of the article appeared in the newspaper the next day.
那篇文章的转载第二天出现在报纸上。
19. play → replay（比赛 → 重赛/回放）
The referee decided to order a replay of the match.
裁判决定要求比赛重赛。
They watched a replay of the goal on the big screen.
他们在屏幕上看了那个进球的回放。
A replay showed that the ball had crossed the line.
回放显示球已经越过了线。
20. use → reuse（使用 → 再利用）
The reuse of plastic bags is good for the environment.
重复使用塑料袋对环境有好处。
We encourage the reuse of water whenever possible.
我们鼓励尽可能重复用水。
The city started a program for the reuse of old furniture.
该市启动了一项旧家具再利用的计划。
21. union → reunion（联合/团聚 → 重聚）
The family reunion was held at a park near the lake.
家庭团聚在湖边的一个公园举行。
She looked forward to the reunion with her old classmates.
她期待着和老同学的重聚。
The annual reunion brings together relatives from all over the country.
一年一度的团聚把来自全国各地的亲戚聚在了一起。
22. turn → return（转动/轮流 → 返回/归还）
He promised a safe return from his long journey.
他承诺会从漫长的旅途中安全返回。
The return of spring brings flowers and warmth.
春天的回归带来了鲜花和温暖。
We are waiting for the return of the library books.
我们在等待那些图书馆的书被归还。
23. building → rebuilding（结构/造型/关系/信心/生活→ 重建）
The rebuilding of a broken friendship is never easy.
修复破碎的友谊从来不容易。
She focused on the rebuilding of her life after the illness.
生病后，她专注于重建自己的生活。
The rebuilding of his courage did not happen overnight. 他的勇气的重建并非一夜之间完成。
四、加前缀 mis- 表示“错误、坏”
24. fortune → misfortune（运气 → 不幸）
Hismisfortunebeganwhenhelost his job.
他的不幸是从失业开始的。
She had the misfortune to fall ill on the day of the exam.
她很倒霉，在考试那天生病了。
The family suffered great misfortune during the storm.
那个家庭在暴风雨中遭遇了巨大的不幸。
25. understanding → misunderstanding（理解 → 误会）
The argument was caused by a simple misunderstanding.
那次争吵是由一个简单的误会引起的。
We must clear up this misunderstanding before it gets worse.
我们必须在误会加深之前把它澄清。
There is a misunderstanding between the two friends.
那两个朋友之间有一个误会。
26. trust → mistrust（信任 → 不信任）
There is growing mistrust between the two groups.
两个团体之间的不信任在日益增长。
His lies created a feeling of mistrust among his friends.
他的谎言在朋友中造成了不信任感。
Mistrust can destroy a good relationship.
不信任会毁掉一段良好的关系。
27. use → misuse（使用 → 滥用）
The misuse of public money is a serious crime.
滥用公款是一种严重的犯罪。
The tool was damaged by misuse.
那个工具因使用不当而损坏了。
The teacher warned about the misuse of cell phones in class.
老师警告不要在课堂上滥用手机。
28. print → misprint（印刷品 → 印刷错误）
The book has a misprint on page ten.
那本书的第十页上有一个印刷错误。
A single misprint can change the meaning of a sentence.
一个印刷错误就可能改变句子的意思。
The newspaper apologized for the misprint in yesterday's article.
这家报纸为昨天文章中的一个印刷错误道了歉。
29. match → mismatch（匹配 → 不匹配）
There is a mismatch between his skills and the job requirements.
他的技能和工作要求不匹配。
The mismatch of colors made the room look strange.
颜色搭配不当让房间看起来怪怪的。
The game was a mismatch because one team was much stronger.
那场比赛实力悬殊，因为一支队伍要强得多。
30. deed → misdeed（行为 → 恶行）
He was punished for his past misdeeds.
他因过去的恶行受到了惩罚。
The principal talked to the student about his misdeed.
校长就那名学生的不当行为跟他谈了话。
We should forgive others for their small misdeeds.
我们应该原谅别人小的过错。
五、加前缀 over- 表示“在上方、越过；过度、超出”
31. coat → overcoat（外套 → 大衣）
He put on his overcoat and went out into the snow.
他穿上大衣走进了雪中。
She hung her overcoat on the hook behind the door.
她把大衣挂在门后的钩子上。
You won't need an overcoat; it's quite warm today.
你今天不需要穿大衣，天气相当暖和。
32. time → overtime（时间 → 加班时间）
The workers were paid extra for overtime.
工人们因加班而获得了额外报酬。
He has been working overtime all week to finish the project.
他整个星期都在加班以完成这个项目。
Overtime is common in many industries during busy seasons.
在繁忙季节，加班在许多行业都很常见。
33. head → overhead（头部/顶端 → 天花板/头顶上方）
The lights in the overhead were flickering.
天花板上方的灯在闪烁。
A bird flew past in the overhead above the courtyard.
一只鸟从院子上方飞过。
The overhead of the old theater was beautifully painted.
那家老剧院的天花板画得很漂亮。
34. pass → overpass（关口/通道 → 天桥）
The pedestrian overpass makes it safe to cross the highway.
人行天桥让穿越高速公路变得安全。
Turn left after the overpass, and you will see the station.
过立交桥后左转，你就会看到车站。
A new overpass is being built to reduce traffic jams.
一座新的立交桥正在修建以缓解交通拥堵。
35. sea → overseas（海洋 → 海外）
She dreamed of traveling to the overseas.
她梦想去海外旅行。
Many products sold here are made in the overseas.
这里出售的许多产品都是海外制造的。
He spent several years living in the overseas.
他在海外生活了好几年。
36. work → overwork（工作 → 过度劳累）
Overwork was the main reason for his illness.
过度劳累是他生病的主要原因。
Doctors often warn against overwork.
医生经常警告不要过度工作。
Overwork can lead to both physical and mental problems.
过度劳累会导致身心两方面的问题。
37. draft → overdraft（汇票/提款 → 透支）
The bank allowed him a small overdraft.
银行允许他有一小笔透支额。
She had to pay a fee for her overdraft.
她不得不为她的透支支付一笔费用。
An overdraft can be useful in an emergency.
透支在紧急情况下可能很有用。
38. load → overload（负载 → 超载）
The truck crashed because of an overload.
那辆卡车因超载而出了事故。
An overload of information can make learning difficult.
信息过载会让学习变得困难。
The electrical overload caused the lights to go out.
电力过载导致灯灭了。
39. population → overpopulation（人口 → 人口过剩）
Overpopulation is a serious problem in some big cities.
人口过剩在一些大城市是一个严重的问题。
Overpopulation can lead to a shortage of clean water.
人口过剩会导致清洁用水短缺。
The government is trying to solve the problem of overpopulation.
政府正在努力解决人口过剩的问题。
40. crowding → overcrowding（拥挤 → 过度拥挤）
Overcrowding on the buses is a serious problem.
公交车上拥挤不堪是一个严重的问题。
Poor living conditions are often caused by overcrowding.
恶劣的生活条件常常是由过度拥挤造成的。
The school is trying to solve the problem of overcrowding in classrooms.
学校正在努力解决教室过度拥挤的问题。
41. confidence → overconfidence（自信 → 自负）
His overconfidence led to a mistake in the game.
他的过分自信导致比赛中出现失误。
Overconfidence can be more dangerous than lack of confidence.
自负可能比缺乏自信更危险。
The team's overconfidence cost them the championship.
球队的自负让他们失去了冠军。
42. reaction → overreaction（反应 → 反应过度）
Her anger was an overreaction to a small problem.
她的愤怒是对一个小问题的过度反应。
Parents should avoid overreaction when children make mistakes.
当孩子犯错时，父母应该避免反应过度。
His decision to quit was an overreaction to the criticism.
他辞职的决定是对批评的过度反应。
43. statement → overstatement（陈述 → 夸大）
It is an overstatement to say that everyone loves the new rule.
说每个人都喜欢新规定是言过其实了。
The advertisement was full of overstatement.
那个广告充满了夸大之词。
To call it a disaster would be an overstatement.
称其为一场灾难就言过其实了。
六、加前缀 pre- 表示“之前、预先”
44. view → preview（视野/看法 → 预告/预习）
We watched a preview of the new movie before it came out.
那部新电影上映前我们看了预告片。
The teacher gave us a preview of the next lesson.
老师给我们预习了一下下一课的内容。
The preview of the art show attracted many visitors.
那次艺术展的预展吸引了很多参观者。
45. history → prehistory（历史 → 史前时期）
Prehistory is the time before humans learned to write.
史前时期是人类学会写字之前的那段时间。
We learned about dinosaurs and early humans in prehistory.
我们学习了史前时期的恐龙和早期人类。
The cave paintings date back to prehistory.
那些洞穴壁画可以追溯到史前时期。
46. caution → precaution（小心 → 预防措施）
As a precaution, she locked all the doors before leaving.
作为预防措施，她离开前锁好了所有的门。
The campers took the precaution of bringing extra water.
露营者们采取了多带水的预防措施。
Wearing a helmet is a necessary precaution when riding a bike.
骑自行车时戴头盔是一项必要的预防措施。
47. school → preschool（学校 → 学前班）
Many children start preschool at the age of three.
许多孩子三岁开始上学前班。
Preschool helps children learn social skills.
学前班帮助孩子学习社交技能。
She found a good preschool near her home.
她在她家附近找到了一所不错的学前班。
48. heat → preheat（热量 → 预热）
The oven needs a preheat of ten minutes before baking.
烤箱在烘焙前需要预热十分钟。
The instructions said a preheat to 200 degrees was necessary.
说明书上说预热到200度是必要的。
She forgot to do a preheat, so the cake took longer to cook.
她忘了预热，所以蛋糕花了更长时间才烤好。
七、加前缀 sub- 表示“在……之下、次要”
49. way → subway（道路 → 地铁）
She takes the subway to school every day.
她每天坐地铁上学。
The subway is faster than driving during rush hour.
高峰时段地铁比开车快。
We found an entrance to the subway on the corner.
我们在拐角处找到了地铁入口。
50. title → subtitle（标题 → 副标题/字幕）
The subtitle of the book is "A Story of Courage".
这本书的副标题是“勇气的故事”。
Foreign films often have English subtitles.
外国电影通常配有英文字幕。
Please add subtitles to the video for the hearing‑impaired.
请给视频加上字幕，方便听障人士观看。
51. marine → submarine（海洋的/海军 → 潜水艇）
The submarine slowly sank below the surface of the water.
潜水艇慢慢沉入水面之下。
The crew stayed inside the submarine for three months.
船员们在潜水艇里待了三个月。
We saw a model of a yellow submarine at the museum.
我们在博物馆看到了一艘黄色潜水艇的模型。
52. urb → suburb（城市 → 郊区）
They moved from the city to a quiet suburb.
他们从市区搬到了一个安静的郊区。
The suburb has good schools and parks for children.
这个郊区有不错的学校和供孩子们玩耍的公园。
Many people live in the suburb and work in the city center.
许多人住在郊区，在市中心工作。
53. total → subtotal（总计 → 小计）
Please calculate the subtotal before adding the tax.
请在加税前计算出小计。
The subtotal of our shopping was twenty dollars.
我们购物的小计是二十美元。
He checked the subtotal carefully to avoid mistakes.
他仔细核对小计以避免错误。
54. substitute（词根 stitute 表示“站立”，该词本身已是名词，不加名词词根，仅作示例）
The teacher used a substitute for the missing textbook.
老师给缺失的课本找了一个替代品。
Orange juice can be a good substitute for lemon juice.
橙汁可以是柠檬汁的良好替代品。
There is no substitute for hard work.
没有什么可以替代努力工作。
八、加前缀 super- 表示“超级、超过”
55. market → supermarket（市场 → 超市）
We buy our groceries at the local supermarket.
我们在当地的超市购买食品杂货。
The supermarket is open until 10 p.m. every day.
那家超市每天营业到晚上十点。
She works part‑time at a supermarket near her home.
她在她家附近的一家超市兼职。
56. star → superstar（明星 → 超级巨星）
The singer became a superstar overnight after her first movie.
这位歌手在出演第一部电影后一夜之间成为了超级巨星。
Many young athletes dream of becoming a superstar.
许多年轻运动员梦想成为超级巨星。
He behaves like a superstar, but he's not that famous.
他表现得像个超级巨星，但他并没有那么出名。
57. hero → superhero（英雄 → 超级英雄）
His favorite superhero wears a red cape.
他最喜欢的超级英雄披着红色斗篷。
The child pretended to be a superhero saving the world.
那孩子假装自己是拯救世界的超级英雄。
Superhero movies are very popular among teenagers.
超级英雄电影在青少年中非常受欢迎。
58. power → superpower（力量/大国 → 超级大国）
The United States became a superpower after World War II.
美国在二战后成为了一个超级大国。
China is widely regarded as an economic superpower.
中国被广泛视为一个经济超级大国。
The superhero used his superpower to fly over the city.
那位超级英雄用他的超能力飞越了城市。
59. man → superman（男人/人 → 超人）
Superman is known for fighting for truth and justice.
超人以为真理和正义而战而闻名。
He lifted the heavy box like a superman.
他像超人一样举起了沉重的箱子。
The little boy dressed up as Superman for Halloween.
那个小男孩在万圣节打扮成了超人。
九、加前缀 mini- 表示“小型的、微型的”
60. bus → minibus（巴士 → 小型巴士）
The school uses a minibus to take the team to matches.
学校用一辆小型面包车送球队去比赛。
A minibus can seat about fifteen people.
一辆小型巴士大约能坐十五个人。
They hired a minibus for their trip to the countryside.
他们租了一辆小巴去乡下旅行。
61. skirt → miniskirt（裙子 → 迷你裙）
Miniskirts became very popular in the 1960s.
迷你裙在20世纪60年代变得非常流行。
She wore a red miniskirt to the party.
她穿了一条红色迷你裙去参加派对。
Some schools do not allow students to wear miniskirts.
有些学校不允许学生穿迷你裙。
62. van → minivan（厢式货车 → 小型货车）
They bought a minivan because they have three children.
他们买了一辆小型货车，因为他们有三个孩子。
The minivan has enough space for all the luggage.
那辆小型货车有足够的空间放下所有行李。
She parked the minivan in the garage.
她把小货车停在了车库里。
63. golf → minigolf（高尔夫 → 迷你高尔夫）
The children had fun playing minigolf at the park.
孩子们在公园玩迷你高尔夫很开心。
We spent the afternoon at a minigolf course near the beach.
我们在海滩附近的一个迷你高尔夫球场度过了一个下午。
Minigolf is a great activity for a rainy day.
迷你高尔夫是雨天很不错的活动。
64. bar → minibar（吧台 → 迷你吧台）
There is a minibar in the hotel room with drinks and snacks.
酒店房间里有一个放饮料和零食的迷你吧台。
He took a bottle of water from the minibar.
他从迷你吧台拿了一瓶水。
The minibar was locked to prevent guests from using it without payment.
迷你吧台被锁上了，防止客人未经付款使用。
（192个例句）
第二部分 带前缀的名词用法解析
1. discovery 发现
用法解析：discovery 指发现原本存在但未知的事物，如科学发现、地理位置、真相或天赋。常与动词 make 搭配（make a discovery），也可与 come to、lead to 连用。介词 of 后接被发现的物或人。
The scientist made a groundbreaking discovery that changed modern medicine.
这位科学家做出了一项改变现代医学的突破性发现。
2. dishonesty 不诚实
用法解析：dishonesty 是不可数名词，指通过说谎、欺骗或隐瞒真相来误导他人的行为。
常与介词 in 连用表示在某事中的不诚实，如 dishonesty in business。形容词搭配 outright（彻底的不诚实）、financial（财务欺诈）。
The company collapsed due to the dishonesty of its top managers.
这家公司因高层管理者的不诚实而倒闭了。
3. disbelief 不信
用法解析：disbelief 是不可数名词，指对某事的真实性完全无法接受或拒绝相信的状态。常见搭配：in disbelief（难以置信地）、with disbelief、shake one‘s head in disbelief。语气比 distrust 更强，强调情感上的震惊。
His eyes were wide with disbelief. 他难以置信地睁大了眼睛。
4. disease 疾病
用法解析：disease 既可数（指具体疾病）也不可数（泛指疾病）。常与动词 have、suffer from、catch、spread、cure、prevent 连用。
搭配形容词：infectious（传染性的）、chronic（慢性的）、fatal（致命的）。heart disease/lung disease 等固定搭配中无冠词。
Regular handwashing helps prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
勤洗手有助于预防传染病的传播。
5. disorder 混乱；动乱；失调；疾病
用法解析：disorder 有多种含义。指混乱时不可数（in disorder）；指动乱时可数或不可数（civil disorder）；指身体或精神失调时可数（sleep disorder、eating disorder）。
常见短语：fall into disorder 陷入混乱；order and disorder 有序与无序。
The patient was diagnosed with a rare blood disorder.
这名患者被诊断出患有一种罕见的血液疾病。
6. discomfort 不适
用法解析：discomfort 是不可数名词，指轻微的身体疼痛或心理上的不自在，程度比 pain 轻。
常与动词 cause、feel、experience 连用。搭配介词：discomfort in（身体某部位的不适）、discomfort with（对某事的不安）。
Some passengers felt discomfort in their ears during the flight.
一些乘客在飞行过程中感到耳朵不适。
7. disadvantage 劣势
用法解析：disadvantage 指使某人或某事处于不利地位的条件。
常见搭配：at a disadvantage（处于劣势）、to one‘s disadvantage（对某人不利）。动词用 have、suffer from、overcome。反义词 advantage。后接 of 说明劣势的具体内容。
Lack of work experience was a major disadvantage for the young applicant.
缺乏工作经验是这位年轻求职者的一个主要劣势。
8. disability 残疾
用法解析：disability 可数或不可数，指身体或心理上的功能受限，影响正常生活。
常用搭配：learning disability（学习障碍）、physical disability（身体残疾）、developmental disability（发育障碍）。动词用 have 或 live with。介词 with 表示带有残疾。
The library has special services for people with visual disabilities.
这家图书馆为有视力障碍的人提供特殊服务。
9. disagreement 分歧
用法解析：disagreement 可数或不可数，指意见不一致或争论。
常见搭配：in disagreement（意见不合）、disagreement over/about（关于某事的分歧）、disagreement between（两者之间的分歧）。动词用 have、express、resolve。
The two neighbors had a disagreement over the property line.
两位邻居就地界问题产生了分歧。
10. disapproval 不赞同
用法解析：disapproval 不可数名词，指对某人行为或观点的负面评价，但不一定公开表达。
常见搭配：with disapproval（不赞同地）、disapproval of（对某事的不赞同）。动词用 express、show、face。语气比 disagreement 更强，带有道德判断色彩。
His decision to drop out of college met with strong disapproval from his parents.
他辍学的决定遭到了父母的强烈反对。
11. dislike 厌恶
用法解析：dislike 既可数（指具体的厌恶对象，常用复数）也不可数（指厌恶的情感）。
常见搭配：take a dislike to 开始讨厌、have a dislike for 讨厌。复数形式 likes and dislikes 是固定短语，指好恶。
She has a strong dislike for people who are always late.
她非常讨厌总是迟到的人。
12. unrest 动荡
用法解析：unrest 是不可数名词，指群体性的不满和骚动，常出现在政治或社会语境中。
常见搭配：civil unrest（民乱）、political unrest（政治动荡）、social unrest（社会动荡）、labour unrest（劳工骚动）。动词用 cause、lead to、quell。
The government took measures to quell the growing social unrest.
政府采取措施平息日益加剧的社会动荡。
13. unhappiness 不快乐
用法解析：unhappiness 是不可数名词，指长期的、深层的不快乐或不满，常与工作、婚姻、生活等重大事情相关。
常见搭配：unhappiness with（对某事不满）、unhappiness about/over（因某事而不快）、deep/great unhappiness。
His unhappiness with his job affected his entire family.
他对工作的不满影响到了整个家庭。
14. unemployment 失业
用法解析：unemployment 是不可数名词，指失业状态或失业率。
常见搭配：high/low unemployment（高/低失业率）、long-term unemployment（长期失业）、unemployment rate（失业率）、unemployment benefits（失业救济金）。动词用 face、reduce、cause。
Unemployment among young people rose sharply after the recession.
经济衰退后，年轻人的失业率急剧上升。
15. unfairness 不公平
用法解析：unfairness 是不可数名词，指制度、行为或待遇上的不公平。
常见搭配：unfairness to（对某人的不公）、sense of unfairness（不公感）、perceived unfairness（感知到的不公）。动词用 complain about、point out、address。
The employees protested against the unfairness of the promotion system.
员工们抗议晋升制度的不公平。
16. uncleanness 不洁
用法解析：uncleanness 是不可数名词，指物理上的肮脏或宗教意义上的不洁净。在日常语境中指卫生状况差；在宗教语境（如《圣经》）中指道德或仪式上的不洁。常见搭配：moral uncleanness（道德不洁）、ritual uncleanness（仪式不洁）。
The inspector noted the uncleanness of the restaurant’s kitchen floor.
检查员注意到餐馆厨房地板的不洁。
17. recycle 回收利用
用法解析：recycle 作动词，但也可作名词，尤指回收利用的行为或过程，常与 of 连用。
常见搭配：the recycle of waste（废物回收）、recycle bin（回收箱）。更多用于动词形式，名词用法在环保语境中接受度较高。
The recycle of plastic bottles reduces pollution and saves energy.
塑料瓶的回收利用可减少污染并节约能源。
18. reprint 再版
用法解析：reprint 作名词，指书籍、文章等的再版或重印，与第一版（first edition）相对。
常见搭配：a reprint of（某物的再版）、out of print（绝版）对应 in reprint（再版中）。动词用 issue、publish、order。
The publisher issued a reprint of the classic novel with a new cover.
出版商发行了这部经典小说的再版，并配以新封面。
19. replay 重赛；回放
用法解析：replay 作名词，指体育比赛的重赛（因平局或争议）或视频的回放。
常见搭配：instant replay（即时回放）、a replay of（某事的重演/回放）。体育语境中常用 order a replay 命令重赛；电视语境中用 watch a replay。
A slow-motion replay showed that the ball had touched the player‘s hand.
慢动作回放显示球碰到了那名球员的手。
20. reuse 再利用
用法解析：reuse 作名词，指将物品再次使用而非丢弃的行为，常与 of 连用。常见于环保语境，
搭配形容词多次使用。动词形式更常见，但名词形式在正式文件和环保宣传中也广泛使用。
The reuse of glass containers is an effective way to reduce waste.
玻璃容器的再利用是减少垃圾的有效方法
21. reunion 重聚
用法解析：reunion 指分离后再次相聚，尤指家庭成员、老同学、战友的重聚。
常见搭配：family reunion（家庭团聚）、class reunion（同学聚会）、reunion with（与某人的重聚）。动词用 have、hold、attend。
The family reunion brought together relatives from three generations.
这次家庭团聚将三代亲人聚在了一起。
22. return 返回；归还
用法解析：return 作名词，指人或物的归来。
常见搭配：on one‘s return（在某人返回时）、return to（回到某处）、return of（某物的归还或重现）。
动词搭配：await the return of 等待归还、celebrate the return of 庆祝归来。
The safe return of the lost hiker was celebrated by the whole town.
走失的徒步旅行者安全返回，全镇都为之庆祝。
23. rebuilding 重建
核心意思是“重建的行为或过程”，强调的是“把损坏或失去的东西重新建立起来”。（3个例句）
The rebuilding of trust between them took months.
他们之间信任的重建花了几个月。
After the failure, he needed a complete rebuilding of his self-confidence.
失败之后，他需要彻底重建自信。
The team went through a period of rebuilding after losing their best player.
失去最佳球员后，这支球队经历了一段重建期。
24. misfortune 不幸
用法解析：misfortune 可数或不可数，指坏运气或具体的不幸事件。
常见搭配：have the misfortune to do（倒霉做了某事）、by misfortune（不幸地）、suffer misfortune（遭遇不幸）。语气比 bad luck 更正式、更严重。
She had the misfortune to lose her wallet on the first day of her trip.
她很倒霉地在旅行第一天就丢了钱包。
25. misunderstanding 误会
用法解析：misunderstanding 可数或不可数，指因信息不全或表达不清而导致的理解错误。
常见搭配：clear up a misunderstanding（澄清误会）、lead to a misunderstanding（导致误会）、a slight misunderstanding（小小的误会）。较正式的误会用 miscommunication。
The argument was just a simple misunderstanding about the meeting time.
那次争吵只是因为弄错了会议时间的一个小误会。
26. mistrust 不信任
用法解析：mistrust 是不可数名词，指对他人的动机或行为缺乏信心，程度比 distrust 稍轻。
常见搭配：mistrust of/between（对/之间的不信任）、deep mistrust（深深的不信任）、mutual mistrust（相互不信任）。动词搭配：create、cause、express。
There is deep mistrust between the two political parties on this issue.
在这个问题上，两个政党之间存在着深深的不信任。
27. misuse 滥用
用法解析：misuse 可数或不可数，指错误或不正当的使用，常指权力、资金、药物等。
常见搭配：misuse of power（滥用权力）、misuse of funds（滥用资金）、drug misuse（药物滥用）。与 abuse 相比，misuse 更强调方式错误，abuse 更强调目的不正当。
The misuse of personal data by companies has become a growing concern.
公司对个人数据的滥用已成为一个日益令人担忧的问题。
28. misprint 印刷错误
用法解析：misprint 指印刷过程中出现的错字或排版错误。
常见搭配 contain a misprint、a typographical misprint（排印错误）。在正式出版中，书籍扉页后的 Corrigenda（勘误表）会列出 misprints。动词用 correct、contain、notice。
The dictionary contains a misprint on page 127, where the word is misspelled.
这本词典在第127页有一个印刷错误，一个词拼写错了。
29. mismatch 不匹配
用法解析：mismatch 指两者之间不适合或不协调。
常见搭配：a mismatch between A and B（A与B的不匹配）、a complete mismatch（完全不匹配）。体育比赛中指实力悬殊。形容词常见：bad、poor、complete、total。
There is a mismatch between his qualifications and the requirements of the job.
他的资历与这份工作的要求不匹配。
30. misdeed 恶行
用法解析：misdeed 指不道德或违法的行为，是可数名词，常用复数形式表示一系列恶行。
常见搭配：past misdeeds（过去的恶行）、forgive one‘s misdeeds（原谅某人的恶行）。
The politician’s past misdeeds were exposed by a journalist.
那名政客过去的恶行被一名记者曝光了。
31. overcoat 大衣
用法解析：overcoat 指穿在西服或外套外面的厚长外套，用于冬季保暖。常见搭配：heavy overcoat（厚大衣）、woolen overcoat（羊毛大衣）、put on/take off one‘s overcoat。与 jacket（夹克）相比，overcoat 更长、更厚。
He hung his wet overcoat by the door to dry. 他把湿大衣挂在门边晾干。
32. overtime 加班时间
用法解析：overtime 是不可数名词，指超过正常工作时间的工时。
常见搭配：work overtime（加班）、overtime pay（加班费）、overtime hours（加班小时数）。动词搭配：do/work overtime。与 extra hours 同义，但 overtime 更正式。
Many employees worked overtime to meet the end-of-year deadline.
许多员工为了赶年底的截止日期而加班工作。
33. overhead 飞机行李架; 天花板 （2个例句）
常见搭配：overhead lights（顶灯）、overhead compartment（头顶行李架）。复数形式 overheads 指公司经常性开支。
She put her bag in the overhead. 她把包放在头顶行李架上。
The airplane’s overhead compartments were full, so she had to check her bag.
飞机上的头顶行李舱已满，她只好托运了行李。
34. overpass 立交桥，天桥，高架道路
用法解析：overpass 指横跨道路或铁路的桥梁，使人或车辆从上方通过。
常见搭配：pedestrian overpass（人行天桥）、highway overpass（公路立交桥）。与 underpass（地下通道）相对。动词搭配：build、use、cross by overpass。
The new pedestrian overpass allows children to cross the busy road safely.
新建的人行天桥让孩子们能够安全地穿过那条繁忙的马路。
35. overwork 过度劳累
用法解析：overwork 是不可数名词，指因工作量过大或工作时间过长导致的身体或精神疲劳。
常见搭配：physical overwork（体力过度劳累）、mental overwork（精神过度劳累）、suffer from overwork（因过度劳累而受苦）。动词搭配：die from overwork（过劳死）。
Doctors warned that overwork could lead to serious health problems like heart disease.
医生警告说，过度劳累可能导致严重健康问题，如心脏病。
36. overdraft 透支
用法解析：overdraft 指银行账户余额不足时仍允许取款，使余额为负。
常见搭配：overdraft facility（透支便利）、overdraft fee（透支费）、an overdraft of（透支金额）、arrange an overdraft（安排透支）。动词搭配：have、use、charge。
The bank charged her a thirty-dollar fee for exceeding her overdraft limit.
银行因她超过透支额度而收取了她三十美元的费用。
37. overload 超载
用法解析：overload 指负载超出承受能力，可指数量的超载（车辆）、电力的过载（电路）或信息超载。
常见搭配：information overload（信息过载）、electrical overload（电力过载）、work overload（工作超负荷）。动词搭配：cause、prevent、handle。
The circuit breaker automatically shuts off to prevent an electrical overload.
断路器会自动切断电源以防止电力过载。
38. overpopulation 人口过剩
用法解析：overpopulation 是不可数名词，指某地区人口数量超过环境或资源的承载能力。
常见搭配：human overpopulation（人口过剩）、cause of overpopulation（人口过剩的原因）、solve overpopulation（解决人口过剩）。常与 lead to、result in 等动词连用。
Overpopulation in urban areas has led to housing shortages and traffic jams.
城市地区的人口过剩已导致住房短缺和交通拥堵。
39. overcrowding 过度拥挤
用法解析：overcrowding 是作不可数名词，指某一空间内人数过多导致的不适或危险。
常见搭配：prison overcrowding（监狱过度拥挤）、classroom overcrowding（教室过度拥挤）、reduce overcrowding（减少过度拥挤）。与 overpopulation 的区别在于前者指空间拥挤，后者指总人口过多。
Overcrowding on the subway system has become a daily problem for commuters.
地铁系统的过度拥挤已成为通勤者每天面临的问题。
40. overconfidence 自负
用法解析：overconfidence 是不可数名词，指对自己能力过分自信，低估风险或困难。
常见搭配：overconfidence in（对某事的过分自信）、lead to overconfidence（导致自负）、dangerous overconfidence（危险的自负）。常与 cause、result in 连用，强调负面后果。
Overconfidence can blind us to potential risks. 过度自信会使我们对潜在风险视而不见。
41. overreaction 反应过度
用法解析：overreaction 指对某事作出比实际情况更强烈或更激烈的回应。
常见搭配：an overreaction to（对某事的过度反应）、a bit of an overreaction（有点反应过度）。
动词搭配：cause、trigger、avoid。常与 call、consider 等动词连用，表达对他人反应的判断。
Her decision to resign was an overreaction to a small piece of criticism.
她辞职的决定是对一点小小的批评作出的过度反应。
42. overstatement 夸大
用法解析：overstatement 指把事情说得比实际情况更严重或更好。
常见搭配：it is an overstatement to say（说……是夸大其词）、an overstatement of（对某事的夸大）。与 exaggeration 相近，但 overstatement 更正式。反义词 understatement（轻描淡写）。
To call the movie the greatest of all time is a serious overstatement.
称那部电影为史上最伟大的影片是一种严重的夸大。
43. preview 预告；预习
用法解析：preview 指在正式公开前预先观看或展示，如电影预告片、艺术展预展、课程预习。
常见搭配：sneak preview（内部预映）、movie preview（电影预告）、preview of（某事的预览）。动词搭配：give、watch、attend。
The director gave the media a special preview of the film before its official release.
导演在电影正式上映前向媒体做了特别预映。
44. prehistory 史前时期
用法解析：prehistory 是不可数名词，指文字发明之前的人类历史时期。
常见搭配：in prehistory（在史前时期）、early/late prehistory（史前早期/晚期）。与 history 的分界线是人类开始使用文字记录。动词搭配：date back to prehistory（追溯到史前）。
Humans in prehistory lived as hunter-gatherers before the invention of farming.
史前时期的人类在农业发明之前以狩猎采集为生。
45. precaution 预防，防备
用法解析：precaution 指为避免潜在危险或问题而提前采取的措施。
常见搭配：take precautions（采取预防措施）、as a precaution（作为预防）、safety precaution（安全预防措施）。后接 against 说明防范的对象。常用复数形式。
As a precaution against fire, the hotel installed smoke detectors in every room.
作为防火预防措施，酒店在每个房间都安装了烟雾探测器。
46. preschool 学前班
用法解析：preschool 指为三至五岁儿童提供的学前教育机构。
常见搭配：attend preschool（上学前班）、preschool teacher（学前班老师）、preschool education（学前教育）。与 kindergarten（幼儿园）不同，preschool 通常指更早期的教育。
Parents often send their children to preschool to help them develop social skills.
家长通常送孩子上学前班以帮助他们发展社交技能。
47. preheating 预热 （4个例句）
I forgot preheating, so my cookies didn’t turn out right.
我忘了预热，所以饼干没烤好。
Preheating takes about 10 minutes, so turn on the oven first.
预热大约需要10分钟，所以先把烤箱打开。
You can tell preheating is done when you feel the heat rising from the pan.
当你感觉到热气从锅里冒出来时，就知道预热好了。
Don’t skip preheating, or the meat will stick to the pan.
不要跳过预热这一步，否则肉会粘锅。
48. subway 地铁
用法解析：subway 指城市地下铁路系统。美式英语常用，英式英语用 underground 或 tube。
常见搭配：take the subway（乘地铁）、subway station（地铁站）、subway system（地铁系统）、by subway（坐地铁）。与 metro 同义。
The subway runs every five minutes during morning rush hour.
地铁在早高峰时段每五分钟一班。
49. subtitle 副标题；字幕
用法解析：subtitle 可数名词。指标题下方补充说明的副标题，或电影、视频中对白翻译字幕。复数形式 subtitles 指字幕。
常见搭配：English subtitles（英文字幕）、with subtitles（带字幕）、subtitle of the book（书的副标题）。动词搭配：add、provide、have。
The Chinese film was shown in America with English subtitles.
那部中国电影在美国上映时配有英文字幕。
50. submarine 潜水艇
用法解析：submarine 指可在水下航行的舰艇。
常见搭配：nuclear submarine（核潜艇）、submarine crew（潜艇船员）、board a submarine（登上潜艇）。军事语境常用。动词搭配：command、board、launch。
The submarine remained underwater for three months during its mission.
这艘潜艇在执行任务期间在水下停留了三个月。
51. suburb 郊区
用法解析：suburb 指城市外围的住宅区，常是中产阶级居住区。常用复数形式 suburbs 泛指郊区地带。
常见搭配：in the suburbs（在郊区）、live in a suburb（住在郊区）、outer suburb（远郊）。与 downtown（市中心）、rural area（农村地区）相对。
Many families move to the suburbs to find larger houses and better schools.
许多家庭搬到郊区以寻找更大的房子和更好的学校。
52. subtotal 小计
用法解析：subtotal 指在加上税费、运费等额外费用之前的总金额。
常见搭配：subtotal of（某物的小计）、calculate the subtotal（计算小计）。购物收据上通常先显示 subtotal，再加 tax 得到 total。动词用 calculate、show、enter。
The subtotal of your purchase is forty dollars, plus tax makes forty-three dollars.
您购物的小计是四十美元，加上税费共四十三美元。
53. substitute 代替者；替代物
用法解析：substitute 指临时或永久替代某人某物的人或物。
常见搭配：a substitute for（某物的替代品）、as a substitute（作为替代）、substitute teacher（代课老师）。
动词搭配：use...as a substitute、serve as a substitute。后接 for 说明被替代的对象。
Honey can be used as a natural substitute for sugar in many recipes.
蜂蜜在许多食谱中可用作糖的天然替代品。
54. supermarket 超市
用法解析：supermarket 指大型自助式零售商店，出售食品、日用品等。
常见搭配：grocery supermarket（食品超市）、at the supermarket（在超市）、supermarket chain（超市连锁店）。与 corner store（小便利店）相对。动词搭配：shop at、go to。
The new supermarket offers a wider selection of organic vegetables than the old one.
这家新超市提供的有机蔬菜种类比老的那家更多。
55. superstar 超级巨星
用法解析：superstar 指在娱乐、体育等领域取得极高成就和知名度的明星。
常见搭配：international superstar（国际巨星）、sports superstar（体育巨星）、become a superstar（成为巨星）。与 celebrity（名人）相比，superstar 更强调顶尖地位。
At the age of twenty-two, she became an international singing superstar.
二十二岁时，她成为了国际歌坛的超级巨星。
56. superhero 超级英雄
用法解析：superhero 指漫画、电影中拥有超能力的虚构英雄角色，如超人、蜘蛛侠等。
常见搭配：superhero movie（超级英雄电影）、comic-book superhero（漫画超级英雄）。复数形式 superheroes。动词搭配：play、create、portray。
Children often imagine themselves as superheroes with the power to save the world.
孩子们常常把自己想象成拥有拯救世界力量的超级英雄。
57. superpower 超级大国；超能力
用法解析：superpower 有两个含义。政治语境中指在世界范围内有巨大影响力的超级大国；科幻语境中指超常能力，如飞行、隐形等。
常见搭配：global superpower（全球超级大国）、military superpower（军事超级大国）、possess superpowers（拥有超能力）。
The ability to become invisible is one of the most popular superpowers in fiction.
隐身能力是小说中最受欢迎的超能力之一。
58. superman 超人
用法解析：superman 指具有超常力量、速度或能力的人，最著名的用法是 DC 漫画中的角色 Superman。普通用法指拥有非凡能力或成就的人，常带夸张色彩。复数形式 supermen。
动词搭配：like a superman。
The firefighter was hailed as a superman after saving three children from the burning building.
那位消防员从着火的大楼里救出三个孩子后被誉为了超人。
59. minibus 小型巴士
用法解析：minibus 指比普通巴士小、可载约10至15人的小型客运车辆。常见搭配：school minibus（校用小巴）、hire a minibus（租用小巴）、minibus driver（小巴司机）。与 coach（长途大巴）相比更小更灵活。动词搭配：drive、take、hire。
The hotel provides a minibus to take guests from the airport to the resort.
酒店提供一辆小型巴士将客人从机场送到度假村。
60. miniskirt 迷你裙 （2个例句）
用法解析：miniskirt 指裙摆在大腿中部以上的短裙，流行于20世纪60年代。
常见搭配：wear a miniskirt（穿迷你裙）、short miniskirt（超短迷你裙）。与 knee-length skirt（及膝裙）、maxi skirt（长裙）相对。形容词搭配：denim、leather、black。
I want to buy a pair of tall boots to go with this miniskirt.
我想买一双高筒靴来配这件迷你裙。
Miniskirts became a symbol of fashion freedom for young women in the 1960s.
迷你裙在20世纪60年代成为年轻女性时尚自由的象征。
61. minivan 小型货车
用法解析：minivan 指可载七至八人的箱式多功能车，车门为滑动式，常见于家庭使用。美式英语常用。
常见搭配：family minivan（家庭小货车）、drive a minivan（开小货车）。与 SUV 相比，minivan 更强调空间和实用性。动词搭配：buy、rent、drive。
The family bought a minivan because it has enough space for their three children and all their sports gear.
这家人买了一辆小型货车，因为它有足够空间容纳他们的三个孩子和所有运动装备。
62. minigolf 迷你高尔夫
用法解析：minigolf 指在小型场地上进行的高尔夫变体，场地设有障碍物如风车、斜坡、隧道等。
常见搭配：play minigolf（打迷你高尔夫）、minigolf course（迷你高尔夫球场）。与 regular golf（正规高尔夫）相比更轻松，适合家庭娱乐。动词搭配：play、go to。
The children spent the afternoon playing minigolf on a course shaped like a castle.
孩子们在一个城堡形状的球场上玩了一下午的迷你高尔夫。
63. minibar 迷你吧台
用法解析：minibar 指酒店房间内的小冰箱或小吧台，内放小瓶酒水、饮料和零食，通常需额外付费。
常见搭配：stocked minibar（备有货物的迷你吧台）、minibar charges（迷你吧台费用）。动词搭配：use、charge to、restock。
The guest was surprised to find a fifty-dollar charge for a bottle of water from the minibar.
那名客人惊讶地发现，从迷你吧台拿的一瓶水被收取了五十美元的费用。
(以上70个例句)
第三部分 柯林斯进阶学习
（每个单词一条释义和一个例句或短语；学习用英文释义理解单词）
1. discovery /dɪˈskʌvərɪ/ N-VAR
If someone makes a discovery, they become aware of something that they did not know about before. 发现
I felt I’d made an incredible discovery. 我感到自己有了一个惊人的发现。
2. dishonesty /dɪsˈɒnɪstɪ/ N-UNCOUNT
Dishonesty is dishonest behaviour. 不诚实行为
She accused the government of dishonesty and incompetence. 她指责政府不诚实和无能。
3. disbelief /ˌdɪsbɪˈliːf/ N-UNCOUNT
Disbelief is not believing that something is true or real. 怀疑
She looked at him in disbelief. 她怀疑地看着他。
4. disease /dɪˈziːz/ N-VAR
A disease is an illness which affects people, animals, or plants, for example, one which is caused by bacteria or infection. 疾病
...the rapid spread of disease in the area. …疾病在这一地区的迅速传播。
5. disorder /dɪsˈɔːdə/ N-VAR
A disorder is a problem or illness which affects someone's mind or body. 紊乱
...a rare nerve disorder that can cause paralysis of the arms.
…一种罕见的能导致手臂瘫痪的神经紊乱疾病。
6. discomfort /dɪsˈkʌmfət/
Discomforts are conditions which cause you to feel physically uncomfortable. 不舒适的情况
...the discomforts of camping. …野营不舒适的种种情况。
7. disadvantage /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ N-COUNT
If you are at a disadvantage, you have a problem or difficulty that many other people do not have, which makes it harder for you to be successful. 处于劣势
The children from poor families were at a distinct disadvantage.
贫困家庭的孩子明显处于劣势。
8. disability /ˌdɪsəˈbɪlɪtɪ/ N-COUNT
A disability is a permanent injury, illness, or physical or mental condition that tends to restrict the way that someone can live their life. (身体或精神方面的) 残疾
Facilities for people with disabilities are still insufficient.
供残疾人使用的设施仍然不足。
9. disagreement N-UNCOUNT
Disagreement means objecting to something such as a proposal. 反对
Britain and France have expressed some disagreement with the proposal.
英、法两国已表示了对这项提议的一些反对意见。
10. disapproval /ˌdɪsəˈpruːvəl/ N-UNCOUNT
If you feel or show disapproval of something or someone, you feel or show that you do not approve of them. 不赞成
His action had been greeted with almost universal disapproval.
他的行动遭到了几乎一致的反对。
11. dislike /dɪsˈlaɪk/ N-COUNT
Your dislikes are the things that you do not like. 不喜欢的事物
Consider what your likes and dislikes are about your job.
考虑一下，对于你的工作哪些是你喜欢的，哪些是不喜欢的。
12. unrest /ʌnˈrɛst/ N-UNCOUNT
If there is unrest in a particular place or society, people are expressing anger and dissatisfaction about something, often by demonstrating or rioting. 骚乱
The real danger is civil unrest in the east of the country.
真正的危险是该国东部的民众骚乱。
13. unhappiness /ʌnˈhæpɪnəs/ noun.[uncountable]
Unhappiness is the feeling of not being happy.
（剑桥释义，例句选自剑桥词典旗下English-Gujarati Dictionary）
She talked about her deep unhappiness and loneliness. 她谈到了自己深深的痛苦和孤独。
14. unemployment /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ N-UNCOUNT
Unemployment is the fact that people who want jobs cannot get them. 失业
The state's unemployment rate rose slightly to 7.1 percent last month.
该国的失业率上个月略微上升到7.1%。
15. uncountable noun 不公
The quality or state of being unfair.
What about the unfairness of life? Why do bad things happen to good people?
那怎么解释人生的不公呢？为什么坏事会降临在好人头上？
16. uncleanness noun （2个例句）
The quality or state of being unclean; dirtiness or moral impurity.
不洁的品质或状态；肮脏或道德上的不纯 (释义根据形容词unclean)
The uncleanness of the abandoned building made it a health hazard.
废弃建筑的不洁构成了健康隐患。 [ˈhæzəd] n.危险, 冒险的事,
The uncleanness of the room was appalling. 这个房间的肮脏程度令人震惊。
(appalling [əˈpɔːlɪŋ] adj. 令人震惊的, 极其严重的)
参考：
unclean /ʌnˈkliːn/ ADJ
Something that is unclean is dirty and likely to cause disease. 肮脏的; 可能致病的
...the Western attitude to insects as being dirty and unclean.
...西方世界认为昆虫很脏并可能致病的态度。
17. recycling /ˌriːˈsaɪklɪŋ/ N-UNCOUNT 回收利用; 循环使用
Recycling saves energy and reduces waste. 回收利用能节约能源并减少垃圾。
18. reprint /ˈriːˌprɪnt/ N-COUNT
A reprint is a process in which new copies of a book or article are printed because all the other ones have been sold. 重印; 再版
Demand picked up and a reprint was required last November.
因需求量上升，去年11月要求重印。
19. replay
补充：V-T If you replay something that you have recorded on film or tape, you play it again in order to watch it or listen to it. 重新播放 (电影或磁带)
He stopped the machine and replayed the message.
他停下机器，重新播放了那条消息。
N-COUNT Replay is also a noun. (电影或磁带的) 重新播放; 回放
I watched a slow-motion videotape replay of his fall.
我看了他跌倒时的慢动作录像回放。
20. reuse
补充动词 /riːˈjuːz/ V-T When you reuse something, you use it again instead of throwing it away. 再使用; 重复使用
Try where possible to reuse paper. 尽可能重复使用纸张。
/riːˈjuːs/ N-UNCOUNT
Reuse is also a noun. 再使用; 重复使用
Copper and brass are separated and remelted for reuse.
铜和黄铜被分门别类重新熔化以供再利用。
21. reunion /riːˈjuːnjən/ N-VAR
A reunion is a meeting between people who have been separated for some time. 重逢
The children weren't allowed to see her for nearly a week. It was a very emotional reunion.
孩子们将近一周都没被允许见她。这是一次非常令人激动的重逢。
22. return /rɪˈtɜːn/ N-SING
Your return is your arrival back at a place where you had been before. 返回
Kenny explained the reason for his sudden return to Dallas.（/ˈdæləs/）
肯尼解释了他突然返回达拉斯的理由。
23. rebuilding /ˌriːˈbɪldɪŋ/
对房屋、建筑、城市等的重建；对经济、生活、信心等的重振与恢复。
The rebuilding of the team’s reputation required years of hard work.
重建这支球队的声誉需要多年的努力。
24. misfortune /mɪsˈfɔːtʃən/ N-VAR
A misfortune is something unpleasant or unlucky that happens to someone. 不幸
She seemed to enjoy the misfortunes of others. 她似乎很喜欢幸灾乐祸。
25. misunderstanding /ˌmɪsʌndəˈstændɪŋ/ N-VAR
A misunderstanding is a failure to understand something properly, for example a situation or a person’s remarks. 误解
There has been some misunderstanding of our publishing aims.
对于我们的出版目的存在一些误解。
26. mistrust /ˌmɪsˈtrʌst/ N-UNCOUNT
Mistrust is the feeling that you have toward someone who you do not trust. 不信任
There was mutual mistrust between the two men. 这两人之间互不信任。
27. misuse /ˌmɪsˈjuːs/ N-VAR
The misuse of something is incorrect, careless, or dishonest use of it. 误用; 滥用
...the misuse of power and privilege. …权力和特权的滥用。
alcohol/drug misuse 酗酒；滥用药物
28. misprint /ˈmɪsprɪnt/ N-COUNT
A misprint is a mistake in the way something is printed, for example a spelling mistake. 印刷错误
In the last sentence, “unclear” is a misprint for “nuclear”.
在最后一句中，“unclear”是“nuclear”的印刷错误。（朗文）
29. mismatch /ˌmɪsˈmætʃ/ N-COUNT
If there is a mismatch between two or more things or people, they do not go together well or are not suitable for each other. 不匹配; 不协调
There is a mismatch between the skills offered by people and the skills needed by industry.
人们所提供的技能和行业所需要的技能并不匹配。
30. misdeed /ˌmɪsˈdiːd/ N-COUNT
A misdeed is a bad or evil act. 不端行为; 恶行
（misdeed为正式用词，通常指较为严重的恶行或违法行为。复数形式 misdeeds 也经常使用）
They were reminded of past misdeeds. 他们被提醒起过去的不端行为。
31. overcoat /ˈəʊvəˌkəʊt/ N-COUNT
An overcoat is a thick warm coat that you wear in winter. 大衣
He had brought his wartime overcoat. 他带上了他在战时穿的大衣。
32. overtime /ˈəʊvəˌtaɪm/ N-UNCOUNT
Overtime is time that you spend doing your job in addition to your normal working hours. 加班
He would work overtime, without pay, to finish a job. 他会无偿加班把一件工作完成。
33. overhead
名词 overhead 在日常英语中最常见的意思是“头顶行李架”。“天花板/顶棚”虽存在，但不如 ceiling 常用。
Passengers are reminded to place luggage in the overheads.
乘客请将行李放在头顶行李架内。
34. overpass /ˈəʊvəˌpɑːs/ N-COUNT
An overpass is a structure which carries one road over the top of another one. 高架桥
...a £16 million motorway overpass over Route 1.
…一座跨越一号线的耗资1600万英镑的公路高架桥。
35. overwork /ˌəʊvəˈwɜːk/
补充：V-T/V-I If you overwork or if someone overworks you, you work too hard, and are likely to become very tired or sick. 使工作过度; 工作过度
He’s overworking and has a lot on his mind. 他在过度工作，有许多事要操心。
N-UNCOUNT Overwork is also a noun. 过度工作
He died of a heart attack brought on by overwork.
他死于过度工作导致的一次心脏病发作。
36. overdraft /ˈəʊvəˌdrɑːft/ N-COUNT
If you have an overdraft, you have spent more money than you have in your bank account, and so you are in debt to the bank. 透支
Her bank warned that unless she repaid the overdraft she could face legal action.
她的银行警告说除非她偿还透支款，否则她可能要面临诉讼。
37. overload
补充：V-T
If you overload something such as a vehicle, you put more things or people into it than it was designed to carry. 使超载
Don’t overload the boat or it will sink. 别让船超载了，否则它会沉。
Overload is also a noun. 过重的负担
57 percent complained of work overload. 57%的人抱怨工作负担过重。
38. overpopulation /ˌəʊvəˌpɒpjʊˈleɪʃən/ N-UNCOUNT
If there is a problem of overpopulation in an area, there are more people living there than can be supported properly. 人口过多
...young people who are concerned about overpopulation in the world.
...关心世界人口过多的年轻人。
39. overcrowding /ˌəʊvəˈkraʊdɪŋ/ N-UNCOUNT
If there is a problem of overcrowding, there are more people living in a place than it was designed for. 过度拥挤
Students were protesting at overcrowding in the dorms. 学生们抗议宿舍里过度拥挤。
40. overconfidence /ˌəʊ.vəˈkɒn.fɪ.dəns/
对自己判断、能力等抱有极高且不切实际评价的品质
He presents with a disturbing level of overconfidence in his own abilities.
他对自己能力的过度自信达到了令人不安的程度。
41. overreaction /ˌəʊ.və.riˈæk.ʃən/ （2个例句）
to react to something with too much emotion, or by doing something that is unnecessary
（Longman Dictionary ）
That is a tremendous overreaction to a relatively simple problem to solve.
这对一个相对简单的问题来说是极其过度的反应。
It is not an overreaction; it is a very calm reaction.
这不是过度反应；这是一个非常冷静的反应。
42. overstatement /ˈəʊvəˌsteɪtmənt/
N-VAR If you refer to the way something is described is an overstatement, you mean it is described in a way that makes it seem more important or serious than it really is. 夸大其辞
This may have been an improvement, but “breakthrough” was an overstatement.
也许已经有了改善，但“突破”是夸大其词。
43. preview /ˈpriːvjuː/ N-COUNT
A preview is an opportunity to see something such as a movie, exhibition, or invention before it is open or available to the public. 预先观看
He had gone to see the preview of a play. 他去看过一出戏的预演。
44. prehistory /priːˈhɪstərɪ/ N-UNCOUNT
Prehistory is the time in history before any information was written down. 史前时期
The story of human prehistory is not special in this regard.
在这方面，人类史前的故事并非特例。
45. precaution /prɪˈkɔːʃən/ N-COUNT
A precaution is an action that is intended to prevent something dangerous or unpleasant from happening. 防范行动
Could he not, just as a precaution, move to a place of safety?
难道他不能就当是一种防范搬到一个安全的地方去吗？
46. preschool N-VAR
A preschool is a school for children between the ages of 2 and 5 or 6. (两岁至五六岁孩子的)学前班; 学前学校
The state should move toward the goal of preschool for all 3- and 4-year-olds.
国家应朝着为所有三到四岁儿童开办学前学校的目标努力。
47. preheating
If you preheat an oven, you switch it on and allow it to reach a certain temperature before you put food inside it. 预热
Preheating is required if either of these two conditions are not met.
如无法满足两个条件中任意一条，则需要进行预热处理。
48. subway N-COUNT
A subway is an underground railway. 地铁
We got on the next subway train. 我们坐上了下一班地铁列车。
49. subtitle （2个例句）
The subtitle of a piece of writing is a second title which is often longer and explains more than the main title. 副标题；
PLURAL Subtitles are a printed translation of the words of a foreign film that are shown at the bottom of the picture. (电影的) 字幕
“Kathleen” was, as its 1892 subtitle asserted, “An Irish Drama”.
如其1892年版的副标题所说的，《凯瑟琳》是“一部爱尔兰戏剧”。
The dialogue is in Spanish, with English subtitles. 这段对话是西班牙语的，配有英语字幕。
50. submarine /ˈsʌbməˌriːn/ N-COUNT
A submarine is a type of ship that can travel both above and below the surface of the sea. The abbreviation is also used. 潜水艇
...a nuclear submarine. …一艘核潜艇。
51. suburb
(1). N-COUNT A suburb of a city or large town is a smaller area which is part of the city or large town but is outside its centre. 市郊
Anna was born in 1923 in a suburb of Philadelphia. 安娜1923年出生在费城市郊。
(2). N-PLURAL
If you live in the suburbs, you live in an area of houses outside the centre of a city or large town. 郊区
His family lived in the suburbs. 他家住在郊区。
52. subtotal /sʌbˈtəʊtəl/ N-COUNT
A subtotal is a figure that is the result of adding some numbers together but is not the final total. 小计
...the subtotals for each category of investments. …每类投资的小计。
53. substitute /ˈsʌbstɪˌtjuːt/ N-COUNT
A substitute is something that you have or use instead of something else. 替代者
She is seeking a substitute for the very man whose departure made her cry.
他在寻找一个男人的替代者，这个男人的离去曾使她伤心落泪。
54. supermarket /ˈsuːpəˌmɑːkɪt/ N-COUNT
A supermarket is a large shop which sells all kinds of food and some household goods. 超市
Most of us do our food shopping in the supermarket.
我们大多数人在这家超市采购食品。
55. superstar superstar /ˈsuːpəˌstɑː/ N-COUNT
A superstar is a very famous entertainer or athlete. 超级明星
He was more than a basketball superstar, he was a celebrity.
他不仅仅是一个篮球超级明星，还是一位名人。
56. superhero /ˈsuːpəˌhɪərəʊ/ N-COUNT
A superhero is a character in a cartoon or movie who has special powers and fights against evil. (动画片或电影中的) 超级英雄
...superheroes like Batman and Superman. ...像蝙蝠侠和超人那样的超级英雄。
57. superpower /ˈsuːpəˌpaʊə/ N-COUNT
A superpower is a very powerful and influential country, usually one that is rich and has nuclear weapons. 超级大国
The United States could claim to be both a military and an economic superpower.
美国可以声称既是军事上也是经济上的一个超级大国。
58. superman /ˈsuːpəˌmæn/ N-COUNT
A superman is a man who has very great physical or mental abilities. 超人
He is a superman in physical strength. 他在体力上是个超人。
59. minibus /ˈmɪnɪˌbʌs/ N-COUNT
A minibus is a large van which has seats in the back for passengers, and windows along its sides. 小型公共汽车
He was then taken by minibus to the military base.
接着他被小型公共汽车带到了军事基地。
60. miniskirt /ˈmɪnɪˌskɜːt/ N-COUNT
A miniskirt is a very short skirt. 超短裙; 迷你裙
She walked off the plane in a miniskirt and tight top. 她穿着迷你裙和紧身上衣走下飞机。
61. minivan /ˈmɪnɪˌvæn/ N-COUNT
A minivan is a large, tall car whose seats can be moved or removed, for example, so that it can carry large loads. 小型货车
A minivan drove by, five faces peering at the window.
一辆小型货车驶过，五个人盯着车窗看。
62. minigolf /ˈmɪnɪɡɒlf/ （2个例句）
A type of golf played on a small course that mainly involves putting the ball over short distances. Sometimes you also have to hit the ball through or over little tunnels, hills, bridges and other objects. (Also called miniature golf) （名词，不可数）
一种在小型场地上进行的高尔夫运动，主要是将球在短距离内推杆入洞。有时还需要让球穿过或越过小隧道、山坡、桥梁及其他障碍物。
（也称作 miniature golf [ˈmɪnətʃə(r)] 小型的）
在英式英语中，minigolf 通常指标准推杆式迷你高尔夫，而 crazy golf 则特指带有各种新奇障碍物的版本。在美式英语中，两者统称为 minigolf 或 miniature golf。
There are many places at the beach to play mini golf. 海滩上有很多可以打迷你高尔夫的地方。
Somewhere on the trip we even fit in a round of miniature golf.
我们甚至见缝插针，在旅途中打了一局迷你高尔夫。
63. minibar /ˈmɪnɪˌbɑː/ N-COUNT
In a hotel room, a minibar is a small refrigerator containing alcoholic drinks. 迷你吧 (指宾馆里放有酒类饮料的小冰箱)
What would the hotel minibar of your dreams be stocked with? 你梦想中的酒店迷你吧会备有哪些东西？
(以上73个例句）
讲义后记
同学们习惯了背单词只记中文意思，结果很快就忘，一做题就错，那是因为并没有真正掌握这个单词。学习单词，要把单词的用法、搭配和真实语境结合起来。
本讲义所有例句均精选自牛津、剑桥、朗文、柯林斯、麦克米伦和韦氏等权威词典及其真实语料库。它们有三大不可替代的作用：
1. 告诉你“这个词到底怎么用”
同一个名词，搭配不同的介词或动词，意思和语气完全不同。权威例句展示了最地道、最规范的用法，提供了丰富多彩的真实语境，让你感悟英语、会读会说。
2. 帮你建立“英语思维”
第三部分每个单词都配有英文释义。先读英文释义，再读权威例句，可以逐步摆脱“中译英”的依赖，直接理解单词的核心概念。
3. 避免自己造句出错
自己写的句子往往不符合英语习惯。权威例句是词典专家验证过的“标准答案”，通过反复朗读、英汉互译、不断内化，读写译整体水平会稳步提高。
建议学习步骤：
① 反复朗读例句，熟读、背诵、默写。
② 看英文释义，准确理解单词。
③ 尝试把例句翻译成中文，再根据中文翻译回英文，和原句对比，循环练习。
④ 把特别喜欢的句子抄下来。
沉下心来，踏踏实实，无问晨昏，自有回响。张老师陪你永远在路上。
编写资料费时费力，感谢您对每一份用心创作的尊重。
觉得有帮助，欢迎点‘在看’或分享给需要的同学。
有学习问题，请在公众号后台留言。
