高考英语考前必背:真题派生合成词速记手册

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高考英语考前必背:真题派生合成词速记手册

> 专题35 · 2018-2024高考真题124句133例派生合成词再练

本文精选40组高考真题例句,帮你巧借词缀推断词义,考前冲刺必备!

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📌 第一组:巧借词缀推断词义 40例

一、前缀类派生词

1. over-(过度、超过)

① Overtourism(过度旅游)

> Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? [2024·新高考II卷]

过度旅游是真实存在的,你能如何帮助?

② Overvisited(过度游览的)

> Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they're special. [2024·新高考II卷]

过度游览的目的地之所以如此,是有原因的:它们很特别。

③ Over-touristed(过度旅游的)

> The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. [2024·新高考II卷]

缓解过度旅游目的地压力的最佳方式是去别的地方。

💡 词缀记忆:over- = 过度、超过(如:overwork 过度工作,overeat 暴饮暴食)

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2. per-(贯穿、永久)

④ Permanent(永久的)

> After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are. [2024·新高考II卷]

在我把意大利作为永久家园后,我发现意大利人是多么热心。

💡 词缀记忆:per- = 贯穿、始终(如:perfect 完美的,persist 坚持)

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3. attractant-(吸引物)

⑤ Attractant(引诱物)

> Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits. [2023·全国甲卷]

我们希望有一个干净、无引诱物的地方,让熊可以穿过而不会养成坏习惯。

💡 词缀记忆:attract(吸引)+ -ant(名词后缀,表示"…的人/物")

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4. cor-/con-(共同、一起)

⑥ Correlated(相关的)

> If for whatever reasons, people's errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. [2023·新高考I卷]

如果由于某种原因,人们的错误变得相关或相互依赖,估计的准确性就会下降。

💡 词缀记忆:cor- = 共同、一起(如:cooperate 合作,combine 结合)

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5. de-(去除、向下)

⑦ De-list(从名单中删除)

> Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies... [2023·全国甲卷]

它们的恢复如此成功,以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单中删除……

💡 词缀记忆:de- = 去除、否定(如:decrease 减少,defrost 除霜)

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6. dis-(否定、相反)

⑧ Disqualification(取消资格)

> Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. [2020·新高考I卷]

仔细遵守所有规则,以免被取消资格。

💡 词缀记忆:dis- = 否定、相反(如:disagree 不同意,disappear 消失)

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7. em-/en-(使…、赋予)

⑨ Empowered(赋予力量的)

> Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? [2020·全国I卷]

你是否希望最终你会因为自己的生活比他们的更好而感到有力量?

💡 词缀记忆:em-/en- = 使…、赋予(如:enable 使能够,enrich 使丰富)

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8. im-/in-(否定、向内)

⑩ Imperfection(不完美)

> Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled paper. [2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]

然而,学会与不完美共存,你会省去很多头痛和满纸篓的皱纸。

⑪ Indistinguishable(无法区分的)

> AI has been described as so advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans. [2022·天津6月卷]

人工智能被描述为如此先进,以至于无法与人类区分。

⑫ Insignificant(不重要的、无意义的)

> The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant... [2021·全国乙卷]

大多数组之间的差异在统计上不显著……

💡 词缀记忆:im-/in- = 否定(如:impossible 不可能,incorrect 不正确)

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9. inter-(相互、之间)

⑬ Interconnectedness(相互关联)

> We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life... [2021·天津3月卷]

我们开始看到生活中各个方面事物之间的相互关联……

⑭ Interdependence(相互依赖)

> This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball. [2019·北京卷]

这种任务相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。

⑮ Interplays(相互作用)

> ...the product of a complex interplays of things like biological change and cultural evolution... [2022·新高考I卷]

……生物变化和文化进化等事物复杂相互作用的结果……

💡 词缀记忆:inter- = 相互、之间(如:international 国际的,interact 互动)

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10. ir-(否定)

⑯ Irregularities(不规则、异常)

> The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long trends in river dynamics. [2021·北京卷]

这个时钟记录了河流动态的短期不规则性和长期趋势。

💡 词缀记忆:ir- = 否定(用于r开头的词前,如:irregular 不规则的,irresponsible 不负责任的)

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二、后缀类派生词

11. -able/-ible(可…的)

⑰ Irresistible(不可抗拒的)

> ...Lincoln's home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, has proved irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. [2021·浙江6月卷]

……林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的故居自向公众开放以来,对游客来说是不可抗拒的。

💡 词缀记忆:-able/-ible = 可…的(如:readable 可读的,flexible 灵活的)

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12. -al(形容词/名词后缀)

⑱ Multicultural(多元文化的)

> In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. [2022·浙江6月卷]

在纽约这座多元文化的城市,像我这样的学生有幸有机会与多样化的人群一起工作。

💡 词缀记忆:-al = …的(如:cultural 文化的,national 国家的)

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13. -generational(世代的)

⑲ Multigenerational(多代的)

> ...one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. [2020·全国Ⅲ卷]

……英国越来越多生活在同一屋檐下的多代家庭之一。

💡 词缀记忆:multi- = 多(如:multimedia 多媒体,multinational 跨国的)

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14. -verbal(言语的)

⑳ Non-verbal(非言语的)

> Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. [2021·浙江1月卷]

此外,这些意义似乎并没有超越其他动物通过非言语交流传达的内容。

💡 词缀记忆:non- = 非、不(如:non-fiction 非小说,non-stop 直达的)

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15. -set(…的)

㉑ Off-set(幕外的)/ Off-set training(幕外训练)

> ...it's the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. [2020·全国Ⅲ卷]

……正是幕外训练和生活条件引起了担忧。

💡 词缀记忆:off- = 离开、远离(如:offstage 幕后的,offline 离线的)

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16. -pace(步伐)

㉒ Outpaced(超越)

> Since the early days of AI, imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable. [2020·北京卷]

自人工智能早期以来,想象力已经超越了可能甚至 probable 的范围。

💡 词缀记忆:out- = 超过、向外(如:outrun 跑赢,outgrow 长得比…快)

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17. -visit(参观)

㉓ Post-visit(参观后的)

> Participation in a post-visit survey is required. [2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]

需要参加参观后的调查。

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